Orchard Rehabilitation
(China)
Longan Rehabilitation
Description
Contour terrace protection with front bank and three ditches in orchard rehabilitation.
There is sufficient rainfall in this area and runoff often destroys the existing terraces causing much cost for maintaining. Sluice system on the terraces is important. This technology of the contour terrace protection is to build front bank and three ditches on terraces in order to solve this problem. The method is that building front bank on a terrace edge and digging a ditch on the back terrace as well as digging a ditch upright the terrace along a relatively low rill to induct overflow out.
Location
Location: Fujian, China
No. of Technology sites analysed:
Geo-reference of selected sites
Spread of the Technology: evenly spread over an area (2.0 km²)
In a permanently protected area?:
Date of implementation: more than 50 years ago (traditional)
Type of introduction
-
through land users' innovation
-
as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)
-
during experiments/ research
-
through projects/ external interventions
Over look of the Front Bank and Back Ditch on the Terraces in Fengting town (YANG Xuezheng (Fuzhou China.))
Classification of the Technology
Main purpose
-
improve production
-
reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
-
conserve ecosystem
-
protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
-
preserve/ improve biodiversity
-
reduce risk of disasters
-
adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
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mitigate climate change and its impacts
-
create beneficial economic impact
-
create beneficial social impact
Land use
-
Cropland
- Annual cropping: oilseed crops - groundnuts, root/tuber crops - sweet potatoes, yams, taro/cocoyam, other, rice
- Perennial (non-woody) cropping
- Tree and shrub cropping: fruits, other
Number of growing seasons per year: 2
Water supply
-
rainfed
-
mixed rainfed-irrigated
-
full irrigation
Purpose related to land degradation
-
prevent land degradation
-
reduce land degradation
-
restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land
-
adapt to land degradation
-
not applicable
Degradation addressed
-
soil erosion by water - Wt: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion
-
chemical soil deterioration - Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)
SLM measures
-
vegetative measures - V1: Tree and shrub cover
Technical drawing
Technical specifications
Establishment and maintenance: activities, inputs and costs
Calculation of inputs and costs
- Costs are calculated:
- Currency used for cost calculation: USD
- Exchange rate (to USD): 1 USD = n.a
- Average wage cost of hired labour per day: 3.00
Most important factors affecting the costs
Terrace sizes such as length, width, height etc.
Establishment activities
-
plant the fruit trees (Timing/ frequency: spring)
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peanut (Timing/ frequency: spring)
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flower and grass (Timing/ frequency: spring)
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digging drainage ditch (Timing/ frequency: spring)
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constructing front bank (Timing/ frequency: spring)
-
building contour terrace (Timing/ frequency: spring)
Maintenance activities
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cultivation (Timing/ frequency: dry and raining season / 2 times a year)
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harvest (Timing/ frequency: summer and fall / 2 times a year)
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irrigation (Timing/ frequency: spring /timely)
-
control of pest and disease (Timing/ frequency: spring /growing season)
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fertilization (Timing/ frequency: spring /twice a year)
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weeding (Timing/ frequency: spring /twice a year)
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maintaining the drainage ditch (Timing/ frequency: free time/)
-
maintaining the front bank (Timing/ frequency: free time/)
Natural environment
Average annual rainfall
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< 250 mm
-
251-500 mm
-
501-750 mm
-
751-1,000 mm
-
1,001-1,500 mm
-
1,501-2,000 mm
-
2,001-3,000 mm
-
3,001-4,000 mm
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> 4,000 mm
Agro-climatic zone
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humid
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sub-humid
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semi-arid
-
arid
Specifications on climate
n.a.
Slope
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flat (0-2%)
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gentle (3-5%)
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moderate (6-10%)
-
rolling (11-15%)
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hilly (16-30%)
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steep (31-60%)
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very steep (>60%)
Landforms
-
plateau/plains
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ridges
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mountain slopes
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hill slopes
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footslopes
-
valley floors
Altitude
-
0-100 m a.s.l.
-
101-500 m a.s.l.
-
501-1,000 m a.s.l.
-
1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
-
1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
-
2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
-
2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
-
3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
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> 4,000 m a.s.l.
Technology is applied in
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convex situations
-
concave situations
-
not relevant
Soil depth
-
very shallow (0-20 cm)
-
shallow (21-50 cm)
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moderately deep (51-80 cm)
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deep (81-120 cm)
-
very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil)
-
coarse/ light (sandy)
-
medium (loamy, silty)
-
fine/ heavy (clay)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface)
-
coarse/ light (sandy)
-
medium (loamy, silty)
-
fine/ heavy (clay)
Topsoil organic matter content
-
high (>3%)
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medium (1-3%)
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low (<1%)
Groundwater table
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on surface
-
< 5 m
-
5-50 m
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> 50 m
Availability of surface water
-
excess
-
good
-
medium
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poor/ none
Water quality (untreated)
-
good drinking water
-
poor drinking water (treatment required)
-
for agricultural use only (irrigation)
-
unusable
Is salinity a problem?
Occurrence of flooding
Characteristics of land users applying the Technology
Market orientation
-
subsistence (self-supply)
-
mixed (subsistence/ commercial)
-
commercial/ market
Off-farm income
-
less than 10% of all income
-
10-50% of all income
-
> 50% of all income
Relative level of wealth
-
very poor
-
poor
-
average
-
rich
-
very rich
Level of mechanization
-
manual work
-
animal traction
-
mechanized/ motorized
Sedentary or nomadic
-
Sedentary
-
Semi-nomadic
-
Nomadic
Individuals or groups
-
individual/ household
-
groups/ community
-
cooperative
-
employee (company, government)
Age
-
children
-
youth
-
middle-aged
-
elderly
Area used per household
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< 0.5 ha
-
0.5-1 ha
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1-2 ha
-
2-5 ha
-
5-15 ha
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15-50 ha
-
50-100 ha
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100-500 ha
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500-1,000 ha
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1,000-10,000 ha
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> 10,000 ha
Scale
-
small-scale
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medium-scale
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large-scale
Land ownership
-
state
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company
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communal/ village
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group
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individual, not titled
-
individual, titled
Land use rights
-
open access (unorganized)
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communal (organized)
-
leased
-
individual
Water use rights
-
open access (unorganized)
-
communal (organized)
-
leased
-
individual
Access to services and infrastructure
Impacts
Ecological impacts
surface runoff
Quantity before SLM: 35
Quantity after SLM: 20
soil loss
Quantity before SLM: 15
Quantity after SLM: 5
Cost-benefit analysis
Benefits compared with establishment costs
Short-term returns
very negative
very positive
Long-term returns
very negative
very positive
Benefits compared with maintenance costs
Short-term returns
very negative
very positive
Long-term returns
very negative
very positive
Adoption and adaptation
Percentage of land users in the area who have adopted the Technology
-
single cases/ experimental
-
1-10%
-
11-50%
-
> 50%
Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have done so without receiving material incentives?
-
0-10%
-
11-50%
-
51-90%
-
91-100%
Number of households and/ or area covered
43 households and 100 % of the area covered
Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?
To which changing conditions?
-
climatic change/ extremes
-
changing markets
-
labour availability (e.g. due to migration)
Conclusions and lessons learnt
Strengths: land user's view
Strengths: compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks: land user's viewhow to overcome
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks: compiler’s or other key resource person’s viewhow to overcome
References
Reviewer
-
David Streiff
-
Alexandra Gavilano
Date of documentation: Nov. 24, 2010
Last update: Maart 13, 2019
Full description in the WOCAT database
Documentation was faciliated by