(Giovanni Quaranta)

SELECTIVE CUTTING (Italy)

Description

SELECTIVE CUTTING OF FOREST TREES TO PREVENT FIRES AND AVOID THE RISK OF DAMAGED TREES FALLING DOWN.

The technique consists of cutting down and removing damaged trees from the forest (for example those damaged by snow) or dried trees, which tend to fuel fires and increase their spread.

Purpose of the Technology: Protection of woods in case of fire and promoting the natural regeneration of forests.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Clearing activities carried out periodically.

Natural / human environment: The technique is applied in timber forests. The context of production is characterised by a medium level of mechanisation (only the most demanding operations are carried out using mechanical means), the production system is essentially mixed, a small part is destined for personal consumption whilst the bulk of production is destined for local markets. The property is predominantly privately owned but also includes some public land, especially in the case of pasture land. Most farms in the area are livestock farms whilst the agricultural component is destined exclusively for private consumption.

Location

Location: Castelsaraceno, Basilicata, Italy

No. of Technology sites analysed:

Geo-reference of selected sites
  • n.a.

Spread of the Technology: evenly spread over an area (approx. 0.1-1 km2)

In a permanently protected area?:

Date of implementation: more than 50 years ago (traditional)

Type of introduction
(Giovanni Quaranta)
(Giovanni Quaranta)

Classification of the Technology

Main purpose
  • improve production
  • reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
  • conserve ecosystem
  • protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
  • preserve/ improve biodiversity
  • reduce risk of disasters
  • adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
  • mitigate climate change and its impacts
  • create beneficial economic impact
  • create beneficial social impact
Land use

  • Forest/ woodlands
    • (Semi-)natural forests/ woodlands. Management: Clear felling
    Products and services: Fuelwood, Grazing/ browsing, Recreation/ tourism
Water supply
  • rainfed
  • mixed rainfed-irrigated
  • full irrigation

Purpose related to land degradation
  • prevent land degradation
  • reduce land degradation
  • restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land
  • adapt to land degradation
  • not applicable
Degradation addressed
  • biological degradation - Bf: detrimental effects of fires
SLM group
  • natural and semi-natural forest management
  • Fire prevention
SLM measures
  • management measures - M7: Others

Technical drawing

Technical specifications

Establishment and maintenance: activities, inputs and costs

Calculation of inputs and costs
  • Costs are calculated:
  • Currency used for cost calculation: euro
  • Exchange rate (to USD): 1 USD = 0.74 euro
  • Average wage cost of hired labour per day: 81.08
Most important factors affecting the costs
Manual labour and fuel for chainsaw.
Establishment activities
n.a.
Maintenance activities
  1. Cutting of trees damaged or dead by mechanical equipment (chainsaw). (Timing/ frequency: Regularly)
Maintenance inputs and costs
Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit (euro) Total costs per input (euro) % of costs borne by land users
Labour
Cutting of trees damaged or dead by mechanical equipment (chainsaw). ha 1.0 270.27 270.27 100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology 270.27
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD 365.23

Natural environment

Average annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Agro-climatic zone
  • humid
  • sub-humid
  • semi-arid
  • arid
Specifications on climate
Average annual rainfall in mm: 1519.0
68% in winter and 15% in summer
Thermal climate class: temperate
Slope
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitude
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Technology is applied in
  • convex situations
  • concave situations
  • not relevant
Soil depth
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil)
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
  • medium (loamy, silty)
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface)
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
  • medium (loamy, silty)
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Topsoil organic matter content
  • high (>3%)
  • medium (1-3%)
  • low (<1%)
Groundwater table
  • on surface
  • < 5 m
  • 5-50 m
  • > 50 m
Availability of surface water
  • excess
  • good
  • medium
  • poor/ none
Water quality (untreated)
  • good drinking water
  • poor drinking water (treatment required)
  • for agricultural use only (irrigation)
  • unusable
Water quality refers to:
Is salinity a problem?
  • Ja
  • Nee

Occurrence of flooding
  • Ja
  • Nee
Species diversity
  • high
  • medium
  • low
Habitat diversity
  • high
  • medium
  • low

Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Market orientation
  • subsistence (self-supply)
  • mixed (subsistence/ commercial)
  • commercial/ market
Off-farm income
  • less than 10% of all income
  • 10-50% of all income
  • > 50% of all income
Relative level of wealth
  • very poor
  • poor
  • average
  • rich
  • very rich
Level of mechanization
  • manual work
  • animal traction
  • mechanized/ motorized
Sedentary or nomadic
  • Sedentary
  • Semi-nomadic
  • Nomadic
Individuals or groups
  • individual/ household
  • groups/ community
  • cooperative
  • employee (company, government)
Gender
  • women
  • men
Age
  • children
  • youth
  • middle-aged
  • elderly
Area used per household
  • < 0.5 ha
  • 0.5-1 ha
  • 1-2 ha
  • 2-5 ha
  • 5-15 ha
  • 15-50 ha
  • 50-100 ha
  • 100-500 ha
  • 500-1,000 ha
  • 1,000-10,000 ha
  • > 10,000 ha
Scale
  • small-scale
  • medium-scale
  • large-scale
Land ownership
  • state
  • company
  • communal/ village
  • group
  • individual, not titled
  • individual, titled
Land use rights
  • open access (unorganized)
  • communal (organized)
  • leased
  • individual
Water use rights
  • open access (unorganized)
  • communal (organized)
  • leased
  • individual
Access to services and infrastructure
health

poor
x
good
education

poor
x
good
technical assistance

poor
x
good
employment (e.g. off-farm)

poor
x
good
markets

poor
x
good
energy

poor
x
good
roads and transport

poor
x
good
drinking water and sanitation

poor
x
good
financial services

poor
x
good

Impacts

Socio-economic impacts
wood production
decreased
x
increased

risk of production failure
increased
x
decreased

Socio-cultural impacts
cultural opportunities (eg spiritual, aesthetic, others)
reduced
x
improved


Aesthetic value

Improved livelihoods and human well-being
decreased
x
increased

Ecological impacts
soil organic matter/ below ground C
decreased
x
increased


The trees harvested trees in the wood would contribute to increase the soil organic matter if left in place.

fire risk
increased
x
decreased

Hazard towards adverse events
improved
x
reduced

Off-site impacts
damage on neighbours' fields
increased
x
reduced

damage on public/ private infrastructure
increased
x
reduced

Cost-benefit analysis

Benefits compared with establishment costs
Short-term returns
very negative
x
very positive

Long-term returns
very negative
x
very positive

Benefits compared with maintenance costs
Short-term returns
very negative
x
very positive

Long-term returns
very negative
x
very positive

The value of the wood harvested is higher than the costs of felling

Climate change

Gradual climate change
annual temperature increase

not well at all
x
very well
Climate-related extremes (disasters)
local rainstorm

not well at all
x
very well
local windstorm

not well at all
x
very well
drought

not well at all
x
very well
general (river) flood

not well at all
x
very well
Other climate-related consequences
reduced growing period

not well at all
x
very well

Adoption and adaptation

Percentage of land users in the area who have adopted the Technology
  • single cases/ experimental
  • 1-10%
  • 11-50%
  • > 50%
Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have done so without receiving material incentives?
  • 0-10%
  • 11-50%
  • 51-90%
  • 91-100%
Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?
  • Ja
  • Nee
To which changing conditions?
  • climatic change/ extremes
  • changing markets
  • labour availability (e.g. due to migration)

Conclusions and lessons learnt

Strengths: land user's view
  • The technique is useful particularly in areas nearest public roads to prevention the spread of wildfires and to decrease risk of damaged trees falling.
Strengths: compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
  • Selective cutting of damaged trees is a useful tool in preventing the growing spread of wildfires and promotes a more homogenous and regular growth in the forest.

    How can they be sustained / enhanced? The resources forseen under the RDP to support this action have not led to the its spontaneous adoption.
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks: land user's viewhow to overcome
  • There are no disadvantages to this technique.
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks: compiler’s or other key resource person’s viewhow to overcome

References

Compiler
  • Velia De Paola
Editors
Reviewer
  • Fabian Ottiger
  • Alexandra Gavilano
Date of documentation: Julie 23, 2014
Last update: April 17, 2019
Resource persons
Full description in the WOCAT database
Linked SLM data
Documentation was faciliated by
Institution Project
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International