Furrow irrigation (Eng.Badria Alhosni (Oman))

Vegetables in salt affected soil (Oman)

زراعة الخضروات في الترب المالحة

Description

Growing variety of vegetables in salt affected soils.

The farm is 5 faddan in area. Vegetables such as eggplants, parsley, spinach and pumpkin are planted in part of the farm on a rotational basis. In the remaining small area other crops which includes rhodes, maize, banana, alfalfa and date palms are grown.
Livestock are part of the farm business from whch substational income is obtained by the household.

Purpose of the Technology: To earn income that suports the livelihood of the household.he income i generated from vegetables, fruits and livestock products.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Vegetables are established in direct seeding and fruit trees are established in direct seedlings. Seedlings are bought from commercial nurseries.

Natural / human environment: The farm is located in a flat area along the oman sea coast. Most of the farmers in surounding area

Location

Location: Al Massenah, Al Batinah, Oman

No. of Technology sites analysed:

Geo-reference of selected sites
  • 57.56982, 23.75886

Spread of the Technology: evenly spread over an area (0.021 km²)

In a permanently protected area?:

Date of implementation: 10-50 years ago

Type of introduction
Radish that grown in salt affacted soils (Eng.Badria Alhosni (Oman))

Classification of the Technology

Main purpose
  • improve production
  • reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
  • conserve ecosystem
  • protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
  • preserve/ improve biodiversity
  • reduce risk of disasters
  • adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
  • mitigate climate change and its impacts
  • create beneficial economic impact
  • create beneficial social impact
Land use

  • Cropland
    • Annual cropping: vegetables - leafy vegetables (salads, cabbage, spinach, other), vegetables - other
    • Tree and shrub cropping

Water supply
  • rainfed
  • mixed rainfed-irrigated
  • full irrigation

Purpose related to land degradation
  • prevent land degradation
  • reduce land degradation
  • restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land
  • adapt to land degradation
  • not applicable
Degradation addressed
  • other - Specify: Secondary causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub)
SLM group
  • improved plant varieties/ animal breeds
SLM measures
  • agronomic measures - A1: Vegetation/ soil cover
  • vegetative measures - V2: Grasses and perennial herbaceous plants
  • management measures - M1: Change of land use type

Technical drawing

Technical specifications
Location: AlMusinah. AlBatina South

Date: 06/01/2016

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: increase in organic matter

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), increase of biomass (quantity)

Change of land use type

Change of land use practices / intensity level

Control / change of species composition
Author: Eng.Fatima AlKharosi, Oman

Establishment and maintenance: activities, inputs and costs

Calculation of inputs and costs
  • Costs are calculated:
  • Currency used for cost calculation: Omani Rial
  • Exchange rate (to USD): 1 USD = 0.39 Omani Rial
  • Average wage cost of hired labour per day: n.a
Most important factors affecting the costs
n.a.
Establishment activities
  1. labour (Timing/ frequency: None)
Establishment inputs and costs
Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit (Omani Rial) Total costs per input (Omani Rial) % of costs borne by land users
Labour
Labour unit 2.0 60.0 120.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology 120.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD 307.69
Maintenance activities
n.a.

Natural environment

Average annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Agro-climatic zone
  • humid
  • sub-humid
  • semi-arid
  • arid
Specifications on climate
Thermal climate class: tropics
Slope
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitude
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Technology is applied in
  • convex situations
  • concave situations
  • not relevant
Soil depth
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil)
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
  • medium (loamy, silty)
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface)
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
  • medium (loamy, silty)
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Topsoil organic matter content
  • high (>3%)
  • medium (1-3%)
  • low (<1%)
Groundwater table
  • on surface
  • < 5 m
  • 5-50 m
  • > 50 m
Availability of surface water
  • excess
  • good
  • medium
  • poor/ none
Water quality (untreated)
  • good drinking water
  • poor drinking water (treatment required)
  • for agricultural use only (irrigation)
  • unusable
Water quality refers to:
Is salinity a problem?
  • Ja
  • Nee

Occurrence of flooding
  • Ja
  • Nee
Species diversity
  • high
  • medium
  • low
Habitat diversity
  • high
  • medium
  • low

Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Market orientation
  • subsistence (self-supply)
  • mixed (subsistence/ commercial)
  • commercial/ market
Off-farm income
  • less than 10% of all income
  • 10-50% of all income
  • > 50% of all income
Relative level of wealth
  • very poor
  • poor
  • average
  • rich
  • very rich
Level of mechanization
  • manual work
  • animal traction
  • mechanized/ motorized
Sedentary or nomadic
  • Sedentary
  • Semi-nomadic
  • Nomadic
Individuals or groups
  • individual/ household
  • groups/ community
  • cooperative
  • employee (company, government)
Gender
  • women
  • men
Age
  • children
  • youth
  • middle-aged
  • elderly
Area used per household
  • < 0.5 ha
  • 0.5-1 ha
  • 1-2 ha
  • 2-5 ha
  • 5-15 ha
  • 15-50 ha
  • 50-100 ha
  • 100-500 ha
  • 500-1,000 ha
  • 1,000-10,000 ha
  • > 10,000 ha
Scale
  • small-scale
  • medium-scale
  • large-scale
Land ownership
  • state
  • company
  • communal/ village
  • group
  • individual, not titled
  • individual, titled
Land use rights
  • open access (unorganized)
  • communal (organized)
  • leased
  • individual
Water use rights
  • open access (unorganized)
  • communal (organized)
  • leased
  • individual
Access to services and infrastructure
health

poor
good
education

poor
good
technical assistance

poor
good
markets

poor
good
roads and transport

poor
good

Impacts

Socio-economic impacts
Crop production
decreased
increased

fodder production
decreased
increased

fodder quality
decreased
increased

animal production
decreased
increased

risk of production failure
increased
decreased

production area (new land under cultivation/ use)
decreased
increased

farm income
decreased
increased

Socio-cultural impacts
livelihood and human well-being
reduced
improved

Ecological impacts
soil moisture
decreased
increased

soil cover
reduced
improved

nutrient cycling/ recharge
decreased
increased

soil organic matter/ below ground C
decreased
increased

biomass/ above ground C
decreased
increased

Off-site impacts

Cost-benefit analysis

Benefits compared with establishment costs
Short-term returns
very negative
very positive

Long-term returns
very negative
very positive

Benefits compared with maintenance costs
Short-term returns
very negative
very positive

Long-term returns
very negative
very positive

Climate change

Gradual climate change
annual temperature increase

not well at all
very well
Climate-related extremes (disasters)
drought

not well at all
very well

Adoption and adaptation

Percentage of land users in the area who have adopted the Technology
  • single cases/ experimental
  • 1-10%
  • 11-50%
  • > 50%
Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have done so without receiving material incentives?
  • 0-10%
  • 11-50%
  • 51-90%
  • 91-100%
Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?
  • Ja
  • Nee
To which changing conditions?
  • climatic change/ extremes
  • changing markets
  • labour availability (e.g. due to migration)

Conclusions and lessons learnt

Strengths: land user's view
Strengths: compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks: land user's viewhow to overcome
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks: compiler’s or other key resource person’s viewhow to overcome

References

Compiler
  • Badria Alhosni
Editors
Reviewer
  • David Streiff
  • Alexandra Gavilano
Date of documentation: Junie 7, 2016
Last update: Junie 12, 2019
Resource persons
Full description in the WOCAT database
Linked SLM data
Documentation was faciliated by
Institution Project
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International