1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Kazakh Research Institute for Soil Science and Agr (Kazakh Research Institute for Soil Science and Agr) - Kazakhstan

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

1.4 Reference(s) to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Technologies

2.1 Short description of the Approach

Watering through furrow

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Aims / objectives: To the developing of irrigated agriculture in a valley of the river Syr-Darya is interfered the deficiency of water resources. The problem of stabilization of an agricultural production is solved due to using of the SWC approach 'watering through furrow'.

Methods: The approach provides a necessary level of accumulation of a moisture into the soils for reception of guaranteed crops. Water supply is carried out by means of watering through furrow on a farmlands from conditions of saturation of 1.5 meter layer up to a field moisture capacity. At absence of financing for reconstruction of irrigating system the water availability of the irrigated soils raises due to optimization of the watering elements. For this purpose on an irrigated field are laying furrows long 150-400 m., the distances between furrow can change from 0.7 up to 0.9 meter. Width of a furrow on top 35-40 sm., and depth from 12 up to 17 sm., depending on slope of surfaces of the ground. Experience shows that the effect of uniformity of humidifying of ground is reached at the consumption of water of 0.9 liter/sec (quantity of absorbing water in the end of furrow to absorbed volume in head). Depending on agromeliorative properties of soil, can vary from 1.1 up to 0.7 liter/sec. In view of control of a water stream at watering through furrow, make a reinforcing of headstalls of irrigating furrows by cellophane napkins (50*50sm), irrigation tubes. Watering through furrow allows to reduce the losses of water to a filtration in 2 times, on dump and evaporation in 1.5 times. Due to reduction of these losses it is possible to improve water-availability of other irrigated masses on 20-30%. The given approach allows to save water resources to apply widely technique, provides high germination and survival of cultivated cultures, and save a manpower. The soil-cultivating technique passes on dry furrow and provides high quality of interrow cultivating of soils. The waterier easily moves on a field (dry furrows) and carries out duly redistribution of water in furrows, that improves quality of watering, operating conditions of a drainage, raises uniformity of humidifying soils, reduces expanses of water for reception of unit of agricultural production.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• traditional/ indigenous

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The Approach focused on SLM only (Conjoining of humus horizone, deficiency of water, heavy loams, secondary salinization, filtration)

Water resources management and optimization of the watering superficial technologies of the irrigated grounds.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: 1. Water conservation 2. Maintenance of guaranteed crops

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	none
planning	passive	public meetings, interviews/questionnaires
implementation	passive	responsibility for minor steps; anxiety for the plots and for the future income
monitoring/ evaluation	none
Research	none

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• mainly SLM specialists, following consultation with land users

Explain:

The initiative of expertsof SRI (Scientific Research Institute)

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by SLM specialists alone (top-down). Development of the SWC land users

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Ja

Specify who was trained:

• land users

• politicians/decision makers

Form of training:

• on-the-job
• farmer-to-farmer

Subjects covered:

Geology, soil scince, ecological hydrology

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Ja

Describe/ comments:

Advisory service is very adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; SRI has the qualified professionals carable to create service of training on places (farms)

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, moderately

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

Specify type of support:

• capacity building/ training

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Ja

Comments:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored through measurements

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations
There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Ther were developed some approaches of management of a water stream in irrigating furrow by means of reinforcing its heads (cellophane napkins, irrigation tubes, siphons)

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Ja

Specify topics:

• ecology
• technology

Give further details and indicate who did the research:

For the varius types of soil there were developed the norms of watering, a mode of an irrigation of adricultural crops and optimization of technologies of superfisial watering

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:

• < 2,000

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national - Kazakhstan SRI): 95.0%; local community / land user(s) (Akimat): 3.0%; other (Separate farmers): 2.0%

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

Ja

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• equipment

If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:

• voluntary

Comments:

Interest of farms in reception of guaranteed crops

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

Nee

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• yes

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Opportunity of application of the SWC approach on various types of soil with a mode of humidifying (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To give an explication of the soil as humidifying)
To duplicate (to expand) application of the SWC approach (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To raise grants possibility)

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Loses of water to a filtration are reduced (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Improvement of technologies of superficial irrigation)
Saves water consumption (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Expansion of an area of application of the SWC approach)
Improves well-being of local population (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Propagation of the SWC approach and training of farmers)

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
The account of a slope of surface of allotments is insufficiently fulfilled	Creation of the maps of land using with the indicatin of a slope of surface

7.1 Methods/ sources of information