1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Kathmandu University (KU) - Nepal

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

05/01/2015

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

Nee

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

The plantation of mulberry plants which are alloewd to grow for the production of nutrient leaves for silkworm mulberry cultivation for silkworm.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

After one year of plantation of mulberry plants. They are ready to be eaten by silkworm. Firstly,silkworm eggs must be stay between 25 to 30 degree celcius. In tray or petric disc. In this area silkworm are brought from khopasi silkworm industry. The larvae must be transfer to clean tray with fresh food. A time came in larveal stag when larvae eats huge amount of mulberry and grow more than 5 cm long . After enough eating, larvae raise their heads as it shows sign for cocoon formation. Then, the worm is kept in another circular bamboo which will make cocoon more uniform in shape and easier to collect silkworm by contracting secrets from from an opening under its mouth a steady stream of liquid silk coated with sericine which dardens on exposure. It takes about twenty-five days to form cocoon.

Purpose of the Technology: The main purpose of planting mulberry plant is for producing silkworm to increases economic condition of farmer.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: For over two years people have been implementing these technology.They took traning from the khopasi silkworm institution.They have get external inputs.While geting training,maintance has been carried out when the plants are not grown enough.While producing the silkworm (larva to coocon) maintaince is carried out as keeping them in clean environment without reaching another species around them.

Natural / human environment: The natural environment is tropical with temperature ranging from 20 to 25°C .The population density is sparse with the community relying heavily on agricultu

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Decrease little amount of crops surrounding the mulberry plant.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Reduce the cropping land
Cut-and-carry/ zero grazing: Yes
Shifting cultivation: Yes
Plantation forestry: Yes
Constraints of infrastructure network (roads, railways, pipe lines, power lines)

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 35; Longest growing period from month to month: baisakh-bhadra

Livestock density (if relevant):

1-10 LU /km2

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• beekeeping, aquaculture, poultry, rabbit farming, silkworm farming, etc.

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 28.97 km2.
This Chamryang besi is small VDC with small population

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -along boundary

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main causes of degradation: labour availability (Needs more labour while planting.)
Secondary causes of degradation: soil management, inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …) (No sufficient survive for silkworm for silkworm marketing.), education, access to knowledge and support services

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Technical drawing of the Mulberry planting shoeing the appropriate vertical internal and spacing

Location: Chamryang Besi. Kavre
Date: 2012-12-02

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high (Trainning required)
Technical knowledge required for land users: high (Land user should concentrated in technology)

Main technical functions: stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), water spreading, control of fires
Secondary technical functions: increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), increase / maintain water stored in soil, promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder), reduction of dry material (fuel for wildfires), spatial arrangement and diversification of land use

Aligned: -along boundary
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 400
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): n/a
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.25

Trees/ shrubs species: Planted
Fruit trees / shrubs species: Fruit trees(mulberry)
Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.
Major change in timing of activities

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Nepalese rupee

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

103.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Bringing plants from Khopasi by men	Vegetative	Early June
2.	Planting plant	Vegetative

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Bringing plants from Khopasi by men	persons/day	8.0	200.0	1600.0	100.0
Labour	Planting plant	persons/day	8.0	200.0	1600.0	100.0
Equipment	Machine use	unit	1.0	150.0	150.0	100.0
Plant material	Plants	pieces	400.0	0.35	140.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Compost	unit	1.0	250.0	250.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					3740.0

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 1 month(s)

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Bringing Silkworm in time of production	Vegetative	Late April

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Bringing Silkworm in time of production	worms	2000.0	0.01	20.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					20.0

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

The most determinate factor affectinfg the cost is labour for bringing plants Khopasi.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility is high
Soil drainage / infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is high

5.4 Water availability and quality

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

Ground water table: Infiltration is very low water only flow on surface.
Availability of surface water: During rainy season excess water flow.
Water quality (untreated): Most of the time water is unusable. Some portion of water is used in agriculture.

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Difference in the involvement of women and men: NO,there is not any differences because all people can do it.
Annual population growth: > 4%; 9%
5% of the land users are average wealthy and own 95% of the land.

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• communal/ village
• group

Land use rights:

• communal (organized)
• individual

Comments:

The land where SLM technology is applied belong individuals.

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	not well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Provide the facility of fodders for animals.
Waste product comes from the use as food for animals.
Increases water resources.
Waste product also serve as a good fertilizer.
Improve little economic status.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Increases the economic status of farmers.
Provide the facilities of fodders.
Decrease soil erosion

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Take more year for recovory of cost while planting the mulberry tree.	Large no.of larva should be grown to get more money.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Waste of time if larva of silkworm cannot grow properly.	While keeping larva place should properly clean

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

village profile 2067