1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development of Kenya (MoA) - Kenya

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

05/05/1999

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Diversion of runoff from the road and its environment into farm land

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Diversion channel to harvest run off water from the road catchment. Individually constructed and maintained. The runoff water harvesting has a rainfall "multiplier " effect because it closes the gap between the actual precipition and the crop water requirement. Maintenance (reconditioning) is done mainly during the land preparation in the dry spell. The run is collected and distributed on the cultivated lad through canal systems. This technolgy is meant for semi arid conditions. It can also be applied in the good rainfall areas during poor seasons with crop moisture deficiency particularly during dry speells.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Own initiative and innovativeness

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Erratic rainfall for crop production and vegetative cover for livestock and declining fertility

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Low rainfall, poor yields and little grass for livestock, and high cost of inputs

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 105Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - JanSecond longest growing period in days: 85Second longest growing period from month to month: Mar - May

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• water diversion and drainage

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 100-1,000 km2

Comments:

A farmer initiative technology

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Ha: aridification

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, improvement of ground cover, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply

Secondary technical functions: sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Construction material (other): *Diversion ditch /COD gradient along the structure 0.25%

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Kenya Shilling

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

27.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	excavation	Structural	before rains
2.	alignment/finishing	Structural	during the rains

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	desilting	Structural	during rains/on demand
2.	desilting	Structural	dry spell/once

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Comments:

per metre length of the structure

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

slope determine the depth of the channel and soil type and distance from the road to the farm determines labour requirements

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Comments and further specifications on topography:

Slopes on average: Also gentle

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil depth on average: Also deep

Soil fertility is low

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

60% of the land users are average wealthy and own 60% of the land.
30% of the land users are poor and own 30% of the land.
10% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: employment outside the farm and area

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• communal/ village
• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• communal (organized)
• individual

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• 1-10%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

30 households

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%

Comments:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

10% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

30 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: more land users are harvesting runoff from the road

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Kenya population census. 1989.

Available from where? Costs?

CBS, Nairobi

Title, author, year, ISBN:

SWC manual for Kenya. 1997.

Available from where? Costs?

SWCB/MoA, Nairobi

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Farm managent handbook of Kenya. 1983.

Available from where? Costs?

FMD/MoA, Nairobi