1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) - Philippines

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

03/03/2017

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

Nee

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Gliricidia sepium locally known as "kakawate" served as live trellis / or anchorage for annual crops (mostly creeping-type vegetables) and erosion control measure. The technology is well-adopted in the community providing immediate food for the farmers and increased income due to diversified farming.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The Highly Diversified Cropping in Live Trellis System is a traditional or local farmers' initiative technology widely practiced in Brgy. Bukal, Nagcarlan, Laguna situated in the area of Mt. Banahaw. The area with rolling to hilly terrain is receiving an annual rainfall of 1000-2000 mm. Each of the farmers who practiced the technology has 0.5 to 1.0 ha production area. Moreover, the community is accessible to infrastructures such as schools and market. Soils in the area is relatively good for agriculture cultivation.

Kakawate, a small to medium-sized, thornless tree which usually attains a height of 10-12 m is being used as live trellis or "balag" to various annual crops such as tomato, cucumber, chayote, beans, and ampalaya in the community. The cropping system is highly diversified since crop rotation is being practiced throughout the year. Aside from being an anchorage for annual crops, kakawate also stabilizes sloping lands and reduces soil erosion due to its strong roots which can grow 3-5 meters laterally, thereby holding the soil firmly. They are planted in a row of approximately 2-3 meters making it more effective in preventing soil erosion. Furthermore, kakawate is being trimmed and maintained every 3-6 months or as needs arise to a approximate 3 meters high as live trellis, the trimmed leaves are very rich in nitrogen and will eventually serve as compost or crop cover. These will help in improving soil quality and moisture in the soil. In addition, kakawate has multiple uses and benefits; they can serve as hardwood or firewood when matured, as materials in making furniture and anchorage for flowering plants like orchids.

In establishing the live trellis system, kakawate trunks/or cuttings "quick sticks" with at least 2-meter height are planted in a row. An estimate of 0.5 to 1 meter planting distance within a row and also between rows is used. When the kakawate trunks are already set up and planted, they are interconnected using a metallic wires. Along these wires, plastic straws are tied in a vertical position whereby crops can utilize this straws for creeping/ climbing . Finally, the desired crop will be planted according to their cropping pattern. Maintenance of the technology includes: weeding and trimming. During infestation, application of pesticide is done but in minimal.

The technology requires manual works resulting to elimination of machines that contributes to soil compaction.

The technology has been a practice in the community for a long time, and land users continue to adopt the technology because of it's easiness and inexpensiveness to establish, and low cost in terms of maintenance activity. Adding up to this is the variety of plants to be grown, making their market more profitable.

Gliricidia normally grows in tropical countries like the Philippines and is being utilized as hedgerows for erosion control measures. Over the years, its effectiveness as erosion control is known, and an increasingly used forage crop in cut-and-carry systems.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

1950

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation
• as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• conserve ecosystem
• protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
• preserve/ improve biodiversity
• reduce risk of disasters
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
• create beneficial economic impact
• create beneficial social impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 3

Specify:

Cabbages and lettuce can be harvested three times a year.

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• agroforestry
• improved ground/ vegetation cover
• integrated soil fertility management

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 1-10 km2

Comments:

Most of the farmers in the community adopt the technology

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Kakawate cuttings are planted with an estimated planting distance of 0.5 m to 1 m. They are trimmed and maintained at around 3 meters high for every 3-6 months or as needs arise. In between the kakawate are annual crops like tomato, chayote, beans,cucumber, lettuce and cabbages which are planted in rotation depending on the season.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

Philippine Peso (Php)

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

50.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Clearing of the area	Agronomic	As needs arise or before planting of kakawate and annual crops
2.	Planting of kakawate cuttings	Vegetative
3.	Installation of metal wire and plastic straws	Agronomic
4.	Planting of annual crop: tomato	Agronomic	First cropping usually from December to March
5.	Planting of annual crop: cucumber or beans	Agronomic	After harvest of the 1st crop (tomato) usually from April to June
6.	Planting of annual crop: chayote	Agronomic	After harvest of the second crop ( cucumber or beans) usually from July to December

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Manual labour: Weeding	person-days	3.0	300.0	900.0	100.0
Labour	Manual labour: Planting	person-days	3.0	300.0	900.0	100.0
Labour	Manual labour: Fertilizer Application	person-days	3.0	300.0	900.0	100.0
Labour	Manual labour: Harvesting and Hauling	person-days	3.0	300.0	900.0	100.0
Plant material	Kakawate cuttings (cuttings are abundant in the area and not for sale)					100.0
Plant material	Tomato @ 100grams per can	can	1.0	1950.0	1950.0	100.0
Plant material	Cucumber @ 100grams per can	can	1.0	600.0	600.0	100.0
Plant material	Chayote (seeds are abundant in the area)					100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Inorganic fertilizer: Urea	bag	5.0	1500.0	7500.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Organic fertilizer: chicken dung	bag	5.0	450.0	2250.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Pesticide	bottle	1.0	280.0	280.0	100.0
Construction material	Metal wire ( can be used for a long time, up to 10 years life span	roll	6.0	480.0	2880.0	100.0
Construction material	Straw	roll	10.0	100.0	1000.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					20060.0

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Weeding	Agronomic	As needs arise but normally twice per cropping per crop
2.	Trimming of kakawate	Vegetative	As needs arise
3.	Application of organic fertilizer	Agronomic	Once per cropping
4.	Application of inorganic fertilizer	Agronomic	Twice per cropping
5.	Spraying of pesticide	Agronomic	As needs arise

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Weeding	person-days	3.0	300.0	900.0	100.0
Labour	Trimming of kakawate	person-days	3.0	300.0	900.0	100.0
Labour	Application of organic fertilizer	person-days	3.0	300.0	900.0	100.0
Labour	Application of inorganic fertilizer	person-days	3.0	300.0	900.0	100.0
Equipment	Spraying of pesticide	person-days	3.0	300.0	900.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					4500.0

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

pH is 6.59

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

Nee

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Nee

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• individual

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• more than 50%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

Almost all of local farmers practice the technology

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Nee

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
(1) Increase farm income (2) Diverse farm produce (3) Easiness to establish, no need for technical knowledge to establish (4) Inexpensive (4) Organic farming

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
(1) Low production cost (2) Easiness to maintain (3) Effective erosion control measure (4) Increase farm yield and income (5) Diverse farm produce (6) Easiness to transfer

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
(1) Pest infestation	(1) Pesticide application

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
(1) The technology is very good in terms of erosion control and improving lives of farmers in the community, but then the technology is not well-known for the whole country.	(1). The WOCAT database as an excellent information tool /or medium in the dissemination of this kind of technology, not only within Philippines but all over the world. These would highlight initiatives of the local farmers situated in remote areas in terms of managing the land productively and sustainably.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information