1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Kathmandu University (KU) - Nepal

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Ground Water Recharge in Nyhakka Chuke tole for Domestic use.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Due to increasing population and urbanization along with unmanaged settlements in and around the core city areas in Lalitpur existing ground water dries up while the water levels in well is decreasing alarmingly. However with initiation of rainwater recharge programs in areas in 2009
locals from around 150 houses around nyakha chuke tole and adjoining areas in lalitpur get their water supply with sucessful replerishment of their underground aquiter through rainwater harvesting.the dugwells are being sucessfully replerished due to rainwater recharge system.

Purpose of the Technology: This technology is mainly applied to replerish ground water aquiter to support around 20 different committee in Lalitpur.
This aims to make people aware of the recharge mechanism and augument ground water level.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The credit for implementing this technology must go to local people participation. It is only because of the cooperation among themselves that make them realize current alarming problem and made them collect money for implementing recharge system.They have done it with external material support such as food-work, payment, subsidized machinery.
Regarding maintenance activities , women living around nyhakha chure tole are responsible for cleaning areas where technology has been implemented. Besides , water content in dug well are tested every six months to make sure that water is suitable for drinking that is free from ions and other chemicals . As well as different machine such as pump are checked every six months and are replaced if damaged, with the money collected from different house hold.

Natural / human environment: The implementation of this technology or system has made availability of water for various domestic use by supplying the water in each and every houses.It also has helped increasing harmony and mutual understanding among the people living there by. In past years people use to fight for getting water. there were fight between two locality for water . Ground water recharge system has increased water sources . There is proper distribution of water. Now people do not have to disturb their sleep for getting water like before.this has even helped to improve living standard and health of people.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• Protect ground water

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Comments:

Water supply: Also post-flooding

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• water harvesting

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation

Comments:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Underground water from dug well is drawn to stone filter through electrical pump. Water is purified in wash stone filter. purified water is pumped and drawn to surface water tanks from where water is distributed and supplied to people.

Location: nyakha chuka tole. lalitpur

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply

Secondary technical functions: increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater, improvement of water quality, buffering / filtering water

Diversion ditch/ drainage
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1ft
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1ft
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 200ft

Structural measure: rechargewell
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 20ft

Structural measure: dugwell
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 29ft

Structural measure: underground
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 15ft

Structural measure: water tank

Construction material (earth): used for construction

Construction material (stone): used for purfying

Construction material (concrete): used for construction

Construction material (other): used for construction

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology unit

Specify currency used for cost calculations:

• US Dollars

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	dug well	Structural	8hrs for 7 days
2.	underground water tank	Structural	8hrs for 7 days
3.	recharge well	Structural	8hrs for 7 days
4.	others	Structural	8hrs for 7 days

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Equipment	Dug well	pieces	1.0	124.0	124.0	100.0
Equipment	Underground water tank	pieces	1.0	257.0	257.0	100.0
Equipment	Recharge well	pieces	2.0	28.5	57.0	100.0
Equipment	Others	unit	1.0	128.5	128.5	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					566.5

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 2 month(s)

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	electricity	Structural	every month
2.	dump	Structural	every month
3.	others	Structural	every month

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Other	Electricity	month	1.0	18.57	18.57	100.0
Other	Dump	month	2.0	85.5	171.0	100.0
Other	others	,onth	1.0	17.0	17.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					206.57

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

labour and constructing wells are the most determinant factors affecting the cost.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility is high

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium

Soil water storage capacity is high

5.4 Water availability and quality

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

10% of the land users are average wealthy and own 10% of the land.

Level of mechanization: tractor

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• group
• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• communal (organized)

Water use rights:

• open access (unorganized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Water availability and quality

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	not well
local windstorm	not known

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	not well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
reduced growing period	not known

Comments:

proper drainage system
better plantation
diversity

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Comments:

The establishment and maintainance cost is not so high compared to benifit and facility that are provided by the technology which has solved the problem of water in more than 200 household in one locality

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• 1-10%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

150 households

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%

Comments:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: the technology have been developed traditionally with local knowledge. therefore locals manage and maintain the pumps, controlbox.

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: water is basic fundamental needs of life. peoples are also searching for alternatives for minimizing and solving the problems.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
now people dont need to disturb their sleep for collecting water How can they be sustained / enhanced? further educating people about benifit of ground water recharge we can make them participate in various program of maintainance and development of this technology
water supply is easily facilitated
local participation

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
there is proper supply of water in each and every houses How can they be sustained / enhanced? making all people aware of recharge mechanism, we can enhance this technology and supply water to people
peace and unity among people

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
land investment is required even different modern technology should be made available to purify water and make them iron free	government should make their concerns regarding such problems
participance from local communities is not enough for such large investments and implementing new technology

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
in some places the % of iron is high which makes the water unsuitable for drinking	different water purifying technology should be applied such as pets, sand, gravel etc