1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

Nee

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

"Bo Bao Kanomkrok" is a storage pond excavated as a source of water for agricultural purposes. It is shaped in the form of a rectangle to store water in the rainy season and thus to be a source of water in the dry season.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

A water storage facility or "Bo Bao Kanomkrok" is a pond excavated as a source of water for agricultural purposes in the dry season. It is dug in a form of rectangle to store water during the rains and thus to prevent water from drying up in the area. It increases agricultural activities in the dry season. Bo Bao Kanomkrok is excavated in a farmer's agricultural land to a dimension of 8 meters wide, 8 meters long and 10 meters deep. It has a capacity of 640 m3 which is appropriate for an agricultural area of about 6 rai. Water in the storage "bank" is available through the dry season. To establish it, the pond is dug vertically with no side-slopes. After the pond is completed, muddy soil is coated around the bottom and sides to prevent water from seeping out. Plants are grown around the edge of the pond to prevent collapse. Therefore, Bo Bao Kanomkrok is an appropriate low cost option for providing stored water to crops on a small-scale. It is a good prototype for extending to other agricultural plots in the community and adjacent communities. In the small-scale agricultural areas there are fruit-bearing trees, perennial crops and vegetables such as sweet yellow marian plums, durians, santols, hairy-leafed apitongs, Barking Deer's Mango, hedge bamboo, Paco fern, bananas, Garcinia cowa, Brazilian Pepper-tree, etc. Bo Bao Kanomkrok must be maintained by the owner so that it will be efficient in storing water throughout the year.

Ban Thung Krapong Learning Center, Nakhon Nayok province is the prototype for communities to learning to solve problems by themselves, by studying from nature and the environment in the community.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

87

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Study this technology from Khao Hin Son Royal Development Center

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• preserve/ improve biodiversity
• reduce risk of disasters
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Ja

Specify mixed land use (crops/ grazing/ trees):

• Agroforestry

Comments:

Annual cropping

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• water harvesting

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

In long term, they were found that there are accumulation from sediments inside the pond. Therefore, we have to dig out from them.

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

32.0

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	Labour cost	Before onset of rains
2.	Backhoe	Before onset of rains

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	labour cost for digging sediments out from well	head	4.0	300.0	1200.0	100.0
Labour	Labour for driving Backhoe	hours	3.0	1200.0	3600.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					4800.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					150.0

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	In long term,sediments accumulation inside the well. Therefore, we have to dig out from them.	once per 10 years

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Equipment	Backhoe	hour	1.0	1200.0	1200.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					1200.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					37.5

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

The amount of sediment

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

Ja

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Ja

Regularity:

frequently

5.5 Biodiversity

Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

Variety of plants

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• individual

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Water availability and quality

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	very well
seasonal temperature	dry season	increase	very well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
tropical storm	very well
extra-tropical cyclone	very well
local rainstorm	very well
local thunderstorm	very well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	very well
flash flood	very well
storm surge/ coastal flood	very well

Biological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
epidemic diseases	not known
insect/ worm infestation	not known

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
extended growing period	very well
reduced growing period	very well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• > 50%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

87 (110 )

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 91-100%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Ja

Specify adaptation of the Technology (design, material/ species, etc.):

Land use change

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Bo Bao Kanomkrok is an appropriate and low cost measure in storing water to use in small-scale agricultural areas.
It is a good prototype for extending to other farms in the community and adjacent communities.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Appropriate for farmers for storing water to use throughout the year
Benefit for farmers to have small farm ponds for producing their own food.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
The ponds must be maintained by the owner so it will be efficiency in storing water throughout the year.
Choosing the area to drill requires certain experiences/expertise, as the area must have a spring.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Because the sediment deposits in the pond with time, it may affect the amount of stored water.	The sediment should be excavated out of the pond every year or as needed.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

-

Available from where? Costs?

-

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

Ban Tung Kraprong Study Center Project

URL:

http:\\www.1ldd.go.th/WEB_PSD/prnew/2561/sr1-61/sr2.pdf