Technologies

Восстановление продуктивности среднегорных сильнодеградированных пастбищ [Tajikistan]

Creation: 04/26/2018 1:57 nm.
Update: 08/14/2019 4:15 nm.
Compiler: Gulniso Nekushoeva
Editor: –
Reviewers: Farrukh Nazarmavloev, Alexandra Gavilano

Барқарор кардани чарогоҳҳои аз ҳад зиёд танназулшуда

technologies_3670 - Tajikistan

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Completeness: 67%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:

Pjotr M Sosin

SLM specialist:

Gulniso Nekushoeva

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihoods (ELMAR)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Soil Science Research Institute (Soil Science Research Institute) - Tajikistan

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development Tajikistan (ACTED Tajikistan) - Tajikistan

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

Nee

2. Description of the SLM Technology

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

improve production
reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
conserve ecosystem
preserve/ improve biodiversity
reduce risk of disasters
create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Grazing land

Extensive grazing:

Semi-nomadic pastoralism

Intensive grazing/ fodder production:

Improved pastures

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

rainfed

Comments:

Number of growing seasons per year:

1

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

area closure (stop use, support restoration)
pastoralism and grazing land management
improved ground/ vegetation cover

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

A1: Vegetation/ soil cover
A2: Organic matter/ soil fertility

vegetative measures

V3: Clearing of vegetation
V4: Replacement or removal of alien/ invasive species

structural measures

S6: Walls, barriers, palisades, fences

management measures

M2: Change of management/ intensity level
M4: Major change in timing of activities
M5: Control/ change of species composition

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

Wt: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion

chemical soil deterioration

Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)

physical soil deterioration

Pc: compaction

biological degradation

Bc: reduction of vegetation cover
Bq: quantity/ biomass decline
Bs: quality and species composition/ diversity decline

water degradation

Ha: aridification

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

reduce land degradation
restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Date:

16/04/2018

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

per Technology area

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

8.8

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	None	None	30.0	25.0	750.0	100.0
Labour	None		1.0	200.0	200.0
Equipment	None	None	2.0	25.0	50.0
Equipment	None	None	6.0	5.0	30.0
Equipment	None	None	2.0	30.0	60.0
Plant material	None	None	10.0	30.0	300.0
Fertilizers and biocides	None	None	140.0	4.5	630.0
Fertilizers and biocides	None	None	225.0	4.5	1012.5
Construction material	None	None	80.0	26.0	2080.0
Construction material	None	None	400.0	5.0	2000.0
Construction material	None	None	800.0	0.27	216.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					7328.5
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					832.78

If you are unable to break down the costs in the table above, give an estimation of the total costs of establishing the Technology:

8000.0

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	None	None	30.0	25.0	750.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	None	None	140.0	4.5	630.0
Fertilizers and biocides	None	None	225.0	4.5	1012.5
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					2392.5
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					271.88

If you are unable to break down the costs in the table above, give an estimation of the total costs of maintaining the Technology:

2400.0

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

< 250 mm
251-500 mm
501-750 mm
751-1,000 mm
1,001-1,500 mm
1,501-2,000 mm
2,001-3,000 mm
3,001-4,000 mm
> 4,000 mm

Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

395.00

Agro-climatic zone

arid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

flat (0-2%)
gentle (3-5%)
moderate (6-10%)
rolling (11-15%)
hilly (16-30%)
steep (31-60%)
very steep (>60%)

Landforms:

plateau/plains
ridges
mountain slopes
hill slopes
footslopes
valley floors

Altitudinal zone:

0-100 m a.s.l.
101-500 m a.s.l.
501-1,000 m a.s.l.
1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
> 4,000 m a.s.l.

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

not relevant

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

very shallow (0-20 cm)
shallow (21-50 cm)
moderately deep (51-80 cm)
deep (81-120 cm)
very deep (> 120 cm)

Soil texture (topsoil):

medium (loamy, silty)

Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):

medium (loamy, silty)

Topsoil organic matter:

medium (1-3%)
low (<1%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

> 50 m

Availability of surface water:

poor/ none

Water quality (untreated):

poor drinking water (treatment required)

Is water salinity a problem?

Nee

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Nee

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:

Habitat diversity:

medium

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:

Sedentary

Market orientation of production system:

subsistence (self-supply)
mixed (subsistence/ commercial)

Off-farm income:

10-50% of all income

Relative level of wealth:

poor
average

Individuals or groups:

individual/ household
groups/ community

Level of mechanization:

manual work
mechanized/ motorized

Gender:

Age of land users:

middle-aged

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

< 0.5 ha
0.5-1 ha
1-2 ha
2-5 ha
5-15 ha
15-50 ha
50-100 ha
100-500 ha
500-1,000 ha
1,000-10,000 ha
> 10,000 ha

Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?

medium-scale

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

state
individual, titled

Land use rights:

leased

Water use rights:

communal (organized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:

poor
moderate
good

education:

poor
moderate
good

technical assistance:

poor
moderate
good

employment (e.g. off-farm):

poor
moderate
good

markets:

poor
moderate
good

energy:

poor
moderate
good

roads and transport:

poor
moderate
good

drinking water and sanitation:

poor
moderate
good

financial services:

poor
moderate
good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

fodder production

decreased

increased

fodder quality

decreased

increased

animal production

decreased

increased

risk of production failure

increased

decreased

land management

hindered

simplified

Income and costs

farm income

decreased

increased

workload

increased

decreased

Socio-cultural impacts

food security/ self-sufficiency

reduced

improved

health situation

worsened

improved

SLM/ land degradation knowledge

reduced

improved

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

surface runoff

increased

decreased

Soil

soil moisture

decreased

increased

soil cover

reduced

improved

soil loss

increased

decreased

soil compaction

increased

reduced

nutrient cycling/ recharge

decreased

increased

soil organic matter/ below ground C

decreased

increased

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Vegetation cover

decreased

increased

biomass/ above ground C

decreased

increased

plant diversity

decreased

increased

animal diversity

decreased

increased

Climate and disaster risk reduction

drought impacts

increased

decreased

impacts of cyclones, rain storms

increased

decreased

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
seasonal temperature	summer	decrease	moderately
seasonal rainfall	spring	decrease	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	very well
local sandstorm/ duststorm	well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
heatwave	not well
drought	not well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

Short-term returns:

slightly positive

Long-term returns:

positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Short-term returns:

positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

1-10%

View sections

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:

SLM specialist:

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.3 Photos of the Technology

Media Gallery

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Specify the spread of the Technology:

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Grazing land

Extensive grazing:

Intensive grazing/ fodder production:

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

Comments:

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

vegetative measures

structural measures

management measures

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

chemical soil deterioration

physical soil deterioration

biological degradation

water degradation

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Date:

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

If you are unable to break down the costs in the table above, give an estimation of the total costs of establishing the Technology:

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

If you are unable to break down the costs in the table above, give an estimation of the total costs of maintaining the Technology:

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

Agro-climatic zone

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

Landforms:

Altitudinal zone:

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

Soil texture (topsoil):

Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):

Topsoil organic matter:

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

Availability of surface water:

Water quality (untreated):

Is water salinity a problem?

Is flooding of the area occurring?

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity: