1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

Nee

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Incorporation of corn stalks during land preparation for the succeeding crop.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The technology is practiced in corn farm. It involves the incorporation of stalks and leaves, usually chopped, during the land preparation for the suceeding crop. Corn ears are harvested manually. After harvesting, the stalks are cut and spread on the farm. This provides surface protection to the soil during the turn-around period when erosive rainfall events can occur. After a 2-3 weeks turn-around period, land preparation for the succeeding crop starts. Land preparation can either be by machine or animal. The crop residues are incorporated during plowing which is done twice. The technology is intended to increase organic matter and other nutrients through recycling, improve soil structure and porosity and increase soil water holding capacity. The more common practice done in the past in disposing crop residue is by burning. Residue incorporation has added benefits in that it lessens the emission of gases, particularly carbon dioxide which contributes to global warming.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Philippines

Region/ State/ Province:

Bukidnon

Further specification of location:

Bukidnon

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, specify area covered (in km2):

10.0

If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:

• 10-100 km2

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 10 km2.
The technology is also being practiced in other provinces in Mindanao, although not as popular as in Bukidnon which is the subject of this report

Map

×

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Traditionally practiced by the farmers themselves.

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Cropland

• Annual cropping

Annual cropping - Specify crops:

• cereals - maize

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 250, Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Nov; Second longest growing period in days: 220, Second longest growing period from month to month: May - Oct

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil acidification, soil mining and fertility decline. Increasing soil erosion problem due to the culitvation of land with steep slope.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Increasing inputs to maintain yield.

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• improved ground/ vegetation cover

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

• A1: Vegetation/ soil cover

Comments:

Type of agronomic measures: mulching, manure / compost / residues, minimum tillage, contour tillage

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

• Wt: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion

chemical soil deterioration

• Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)

water degradation

• Ha: aridification

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Peso

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

50.0

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Comments:

The cost is calculated starting from residue incorporation (plowing), crop establishment, maintenance (spraying, weeding) and harvesting.

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Labor and material inputs (seeds, fertilizers, chemicals) are the main costs involve

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
10% of the land users are very rich and own 25% of the land.
20% of the land users are rich and own 10% of the land.
55% of the land users are average wealthy and own 50% of the land.
10% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.
5% of the land users are poor.
Off-farm income specification: Carpentry, trading, temporary employment (e.g. construction

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state
• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• leased
• individual

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Other ecological impacts

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 91-100%

Comments:

90% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
900 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology. Due to the escalating cost of commercial inorganic fertilizer, farmers are now inclined to used other alternatives/sources of soil nutrients

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Mindanao Upland Stabilization and Utilization Through Proper Agroforestry Networking (MUSUAN) Program

Available from where? Costs?

Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Sloping Agricultural Technology (SALT)

Available from where? Costs?

Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines