Integrated and collaborative approach in management of savannah rangelands with high livestock (تنزانيا، جمهورية تنزانيا المتحدة)

Ushirikiano wa jamii na wadau mbalimbali wa maendeleo katika kuendeleza nyanda za malisho za uoto asilia wa savannah wenye ng’ombe wengi (Swahili).

الوصف

Using integrated and collaborative approach in managing land degradation and conflicts in Savannah range land with high livestock.

Aims / objectives: a) Conservation of Savannah range land guaranteed through improved rainwater harvesting, improved pasture management and improved livestock genetic potential
b) Frequent range land use conflicts are resolved and halted
c) Resource conserving and environmental sound livestock husbandry practice adopted and widely used.

Methods: Community working by various stakeholders (land users, various level extension workers, employed and elected representatives, project staffs and administrators at the local and central government) and supported by the North South Trans border project (NSTP) uncovered their setbacks through participatory dialogues events. Participatory/multi-stakeholder problem analysis/research events enabled identification of a combination of technologies needed to solve the existing problems as construction of rain water harvesting structure, pasture management (introduction of nutritious and palatable pastures) and livestock improvement through introduction of improved bulls. Joint planning events eventually resulted to development of Bubale community SLM action plan indicating activities, resources and roles. Each stakeholder absorbed the uncovered messages and integrated the ideas into responsive and complementary SLM plans. SLM plans were used to mobilize, negotiate and search for both internal and NSTP supportive resources and thus land users acquisition of the necessary technological input, equipment and financial resources. Knowledge acquisition & skill development was achieved through extension advisory services and on the job and action based training. Technology adaption and innovation was stimulated through; 1) pasture demo plots 2) incentive system 3) quick win interventions 4) and through reinforcement of rules and regulation guiding and protecting the use of the technologies.

Stages of implementation: Situational analysis; community awareness and sensitization events. Problem identifications, analysis and research: defining the root cause of land problems and appropriate technological solution using participatory dialogues. Development of the Bubale community SLM action plan: through collaborative & integrative events. Development of stakeholder plans complementary & responsive to the Bubale community SLM plans. Resource mobilization: using Bubale SLM plan and other stakeholder’s complementary plans. Implementation: collaborations between the community and other stakeholders. Supervision, operation and maintenance of completed technologies: democratic devolution of completed projects to beneficiary groups selected by empowered land users using their own forums and democratic process and subsequent training in operation and maintenance.

Role of stakeholders: Field level (sub village, village & ward): Daily supervision. Planning, review and decision making through obligatory meetings. Setting & reinforcing bylaws guiding the use and protection of technologies. Intermediate level (district level): extension services, technical expertise, and supervision and monitoring. Assist the community in interpreting the relevant policies, rules and laws guiding and protecting the use of various SLM technologies. Reporting implementation progress to the regional level & other stakeholders. Control of support funds, procurement procedures and make payments subject to approval by the community project committee. Regional level: Supervision monitoring and reporting implementation progress to the national level and were the subject matter consultants providing services upon request by the district. Policy makers (Councillors and Member of Parliament): supervision, monitoring, policies interpretation & reinforcement of rules and bylaws protecting the technologies. Central government: resolving and managing land conflicts & observing peace and tranquility.

الموقع

الموقع: Missenyi, Kakunyu, Bubale village, Tanzania/Kagera region, تنزانيا، جمهورية تنزانيا المتحدة

المرجع الجغرافي للمواقع المختارة
  • غير متاح

تاريخ البدء: 2012

سنة الإنهاء: غير متاح

نوع النهج

غايات النهج والبيئة المواتية

الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Pasture establishment & improvement of genetic potential )

a) Stop uncontrolled exploitation and degradation of range land through correct stocking, improved pasture management and controlled fire burning.
b) Resolve and halt conflict over the use of range land among livestock keepers and between crop and livestock keepers
c) Improve livestock production and productivity through the use of animals with high genetic potentials.
d) Ensure availability of financial resources to invest in sustainable range land management


The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: a) Overuse and degradation of range land resources through overstocking, poor pasture management and uncontrolled fire burning.
b) Conflict over the use of range land among livestock keepers and between crop and livestock keepers.
c) Low livestock production and productivity due to poor livestock practices (use of animals with low genetic potentials).
d) Lack of financial resources to invest in sustainable range land management
الشروط التي تمكن من تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة في إطار النهج
الظروف التي تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة في إطار النهج
  • المعايير والقيم الاجتماعية /الثقافية/ الدينية: Poor cultural traditions: keeping large stock of low genetic potential as prestige going together with overgrazing Treatment through the SLM Approach: Training in the use of improved animal husbandry practices, recommended stocking and introduction of improved bulls.
  • توفر/الوصول إلى الموارد والخدمات المالية: Reluctance to invest in SLM and improved husbandry practices Treatment through the SLM Approach: Awareness creation through demonstrations, incentive system and various training (seminars, workshop and meetings)
  • الإطار المؤسساتي: low performance of grassroots institutions (community project committee) Treatment through the SLM Approach: Improving performance of community project committee through training in supervision and monitoring
  • الإطار القانوني (حيازة الأراضي، وحقوق استخدام الأراضي والمياه): Land user ignorance in laws, rules and regulations guiding SLM Treatment through the SLM Approach: Training and awareness creation of land users to various laws, rules and regulations guiding and protecting SLM technologies. The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately hindered the approach implementation The range land is largely communally owned and this to some extent is hindrance to improved pasture management.
  • المعرفة حول الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي، والوصول إلى الدعم الفني: Poor access to various expertise needed for smooth implementation of SLM technologies (e.g. charco dam construction experts) Treatment through the SLM Approach: Access improved through project support
  • عبء العمل، توفر القوى العاملة: Failure to implement some of SLM technologies due to high workload demand Treatment through the SLM Approach: The project enabled land users to gain access to the work simplifying equipment and machinery.

مشاركة وأدوار الأطراف المعنية

الأطراف المعنية بالنهج وأدوارها
ما هي الجهات المعنية / الكيانات المنفذة التي شاركت في النهج؟ حدد الأطراف المعنيين وصف أدوار الأطراف المعنية
مستخدمو الأراضي المحليون/المجتمعات المحلية local community & land users in Bubale village. Community land users, elected and employed representatives/leaders and civil servants/extension workers at the village and ward level male & female livestock keepers but almost 70% of livestock keepers are men. Mobilization and emphases was given to involvement/participation of widows, land users living with HIV/AIDS and handicapped/disabled almost in each every SLM process phases and steps,
متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي / مستشارون زراعيون The district level provided the various subject matter specialists (SMSs) who played the role of delivering extension services, necessary technical expertise, supervision and monitoring SMSs and NSTP project officers.
الحكومة المحلية Missenyi District council, Kakunyu ward and Bubale village
الحكومة الوطنية (المخططون، صانعو القرار) central government (Missenyi division secetary & district commisioners office) councillors and member of parliament were part of the policy makers
منظمة دولية North South Transboundary Project
administrators at the local and central government
الوكالة الرائدة
All approach design process phases and steps were gender sensitive
انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج
غير موجود
سلبي
الدعم الخارجي
تفاعلي
التعبئة الذاتية
المبادرة/التحفيز
community land users, elected and employed representatives/leaders and civil servants/extension workers at the village and ward level. were involved in problem identification and situational analysis.
التخطيط
community land users, elected and employed representatives/leaders and civil servants/extension workers at the village and ward level Collaborative planning events of which eventually resulted to development of Bubale responsive comprehensive community SLM action plan indicating activities, resources and roles to be played by various stakeholders.
التنفيذ
community land users, elected and employed representatives/leaders and civil servants/extension workers at the village and ward level Daily supervision of construction work, contributed in terms of indigenous knowhow, cheap labour, material in kind and security and setting and reinforcing bylaws guiding implementation of technologies.
الرصد/التقييم
community land users, elected and employed representatives/leaders and civil servants/extension workers at the village and ward level participated in collaborative and client interactive monitoring
Research
community land users, elected and employed representatives/leaders and civil servants/extension workers at the village and ward level participated in multi-stakeholder problem analysis/research events (special meetings, workshops and seminars)
مخطط التدفق

اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

وقد تم اتخاذ القرارات من قبل

  • مستخدمو الأراضي وحدهم (المبادرة الذاتية)
  • مستخدمو الأراضي بشكل أساسي، بدعم من متخصصي الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
  • جميع الجهات الفاعلة ذات الصلة، كجزء من نهج تشاركي
  • متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بشكل أساسي، بعد التشاور مع مستخدمي الأراضي
  • متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بمفردهم
  • السياسيون / القادة

تم اتخاذ القرارات بناء على

  • تقييم المعرفة الموثقة جيدًا بشأن الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي(اتخاذ القرارات القائمة على الأدلة)
  • نتائج البحوث
  • خبرة وآراء شخصية(غير موثقة)

الدعم الفني وبناء القدرات وإدارة المعرفة

شكلت الأنشطة أو الخدمات التالية جزءًا من النهج
بناء القدرات/التدريب
تم تقديم التدريب للأطراف المعنية التالية
  • مستخدمو الأراضي
  • موظفون ميدانيون/ مستشارون
  • politicians, employed and elected leders, admintrators and other stakeholders
شكل التدريب
  • في العمل
  • من مزارع إلى مزارع
  • مناطق العرض
  • اجتماعات عامة
  • دورات
  • special meetings, workshops and seminars
المواضيع المغطاة

In-house training, action based training and learning by doing on the job these include: pasture management, hay making, use and management of improved bulls and charco dam construction and management, environmental impact assessment, law and guiding and protecting the use of particular SLM and further operation and management.

خدمة استشارية
تم تقديم الخدمة الاستشارية
  • في حقول مستخدمي الأراضي
  • في مراكز دائمة
Name of method used for advisory service: community participatory dialogues and analytical process ; Key elements: builds trust and understanding with land users, ensures that the viewpoint and realities of land users are accurately reflected, empower participation of the disadvantaged and promote ownership of the analytical process ; so the process was largely people centered

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The fifth phase ruling government elected in October 2015 is committed to support land conservation. To a large extent the commonest electoral manifesto of the ruling party emphasis on the importance of land/environmental protection.
تعزيز المؤسسات
تم تعزيز/إنشاء المؤسسات
  • لا
  • نعم، قليلا
  • نعم، باعتدال
  • نعم، إلى حد كبير
على المستوى التالي
  • محلي
  • إقليمي
  • وطني
صف المؤسسة والأدوار والمسؤوليات والأعضاء وما إلى ذلك.
نوع الدعم
  • مالي
  • بناء القدرات/التدريب
  • معدات
مزيد من التفاصيل
the community project committee was supported in terms of training in supervision and client interactive monitoring. beneficiary groups were trained on project operations and maintenance.
الرصد والتقييم
economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through observations; indicators: Increased animal production and productivity bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, government, land users through observations; indicators: Annual livestock water accessibility (No. of months) bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through measurements; indicators: Annual livestock water accessibility (No. of months) technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through observations; indicators: No of livestock keepers using recommended animal husbandry practises technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: No of livestock keepers using recommended animal husbandry practises socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, government, land users through observations; indicators: Readiness to use improved bulls and correct stocking, % reduction of uncontrolled fire burning socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: Readiness to use improved bulls and correct stocking, % reduction of uncontrolled fire burning economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: Increased animal production and productivit area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through observations; indicators: Hectare of range land well conserved area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: Hectare of range land well conserved no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through observations; indicators: No. of livestock keepers adopting improved pasture managment and use of improved bulls, % reduction of land conflicts no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: No. of livestock keepers adopting improved pasture managment and use of improved bulls, % reduction of land conflicts management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through observations; indicators: The level of community involvement and ownership of the approach management of Approach aspects were monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: The level of community involvement and ownership of the approach There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Monitoring and evaluation revealed the need to devolve supervision and management of completed project (charco dam, pasture demo and improved bulls) to beneficiary groups. There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation
البحوث
تناول البحث المواضيع التالية
  • علم الاجتماع
  • الاقتصاد / التسويق
  • علم الايكولوجيا
  • تكنولوجيا
  • problem analysis and identification

Technologies needed for solving the existing land problems and improvement of the situation were identified through project supported participatory and multi-stakeholder problem analysis/research events

التمويل والدعم المادي الخارجي

الميزانية السنوية بالدولار الأمريكي لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
  • < 2000
  • ‏ 10,0000-2,000
  • 100,000-10,000
  • 1,000000-100،000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: غير متاح
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government (North South Trans border Project (NSTP) ): 50.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Missenyi District Council ): 30.0%; local community / land user(s) (Bubale Community ): 20.0%
تم تقديم الخدمات أو الحوافز التالية لمستخدمي الأراضي
  • الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي
  • إعانات لمدخلات محددة
  • الائتمان
  • حوافز أو وسائل أخرى
الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي
ممول جزئيا
ممول بالكامل
dam excavation equipment

زراعة: بذور

pasture seed

stone, wood and bank stabilization materials

العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي كان

تحليل الأثر والتصريحات الختامية

آثار النهج
لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير
هل ساعد النهج مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ وصيانة تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟

Land conflicts and incidences of uncontrolled fire burning are currently minimal compared to the time before and livestock keepers are currently enjoying year-round availability of water for animal watering.

هل ساهم النهج في تمكين الفئات المحرومة اجتماعيا واقتصاديا؟

This is in terms of easy access to water for both domestic use and animal drinking and improved bulls and acquisition of new skills

هل أدى النهج إلى تحسن في مسائل حيازة الأراضي / حقوق المستخدمين التي أعاقت تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟

The approach give emphasis to tackling land issues through association life i.e. through group organization and management.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

15 livestock keepers in Bubale village have adopted improved pasture management (in terms of establishment of improved pasture and fencing) and 5 of them have procured improved bulls.

المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
  • زيادة الإنتاج
  • زيادة الربح (القدرة)، وتحسين نسبة التكلفة إلى العائد
  • الحد من تدهور الأراضي
  • الحد من مخاطر الكوارث
  • انخفاض عبء العمل
  • المدفوعات/ الإعانات
  • القواعد واللوائح (الغرامات) / الإنفاذ
  • الوجاهة والضغط الاجتماعي/التماسك الاجتماعي
  • الانتماء إلى حركة/ مشروع/ مجموعة/ شبكات
  • الوعي البيئي
  • العادات والمعتقدات والأخلاق
  • تعزيز المعرفة والمهارات في مجال الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
  • تحسينات جماليية
  • التخفيف من حدة الصراع
  • well-being and livelihoods improvement
استدامة أنشطة النهج
هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي الحفاظ على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟
  • لا
  • نعم
  • غير مؤكد

After the kick start support by the project then operation and supervision of the charco dam, pasture demo plot & improved bulls are devolved to the group of gender balanced beneficiaries who are selected through community priority and selection. Payments of user fee and penalties for those who violate set rules and regulations enable the community to manage operational, maintenance and other costs.

الاستنتاجات والدروس المستفادة

نقاط القوة: وجهة نظر مستخدم الأرض
  • 1. Easy to access necessary external supportive resources
    2. Foster complementary and collaborative working relationship with multi-stakeholders
    3. Reduce land conflicts
    4. Open opportunity to shift from tradition to commercial livestock keeping (e.g. through acquisition of improved bulls)
    5.
    (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Scale up use of the approach
    Maintain complementary and collaborative working relationship
    Maintain the use of technology
    Scale up use of the approach
    )
نقاط القوة: وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
  • 1. Is collaborative and integrative
    2. Highly rely on the use of existing local institutions and forums
    3. Quick win results and incentive system (e.g. pasture seeds) speed up adaption and innovation
    4. Multilevel participation and collaboration
    5.
    (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Strengthen and maintain collaboration and integration
    Continue strengthening use and operationization of existing institutions and forums
    Maintain quick win interventions and incentive system
    Maintain multilevel participation and collaboration

    )
نقاط الضعف / المساوىء / المخاطر: وجهة نظر مستخدم الأرضكيفية التغلب عليها
  • 1. Destruction of established structures (e.g. fencing materials) by dishonest land users. Strengthen security (e.g. community police) and law enforcement
نقاط الضعف / المساوىء / المخاطر: وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلوماتكيفية التغلب عليها
  • 1. High initial investment cost e.g. in charco dam construction/ improved bulls.
    2. Difficulties in the use and management of collective pasture demo plots
    Introduce user fee and strengthen group associations and rural credit facilities & financial institutions (e.g. SACCOS)
    Devolve management of demo plots to beneficiary groups & provide training in supervision, operation and management of pasture demo plots.

المراجع

جامع المعلومات
  • ALLAN BUBELWA
المحررون
المُراجع
  • Fabian Ottiger
تاريخ التوثيق: 3 يناير، 2016
اخر تحديث: 6 يوليو، 2017
الأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
الوصف الكامل في قاعدة بيانات WOCAT
بيانات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي المرتبطة
تم تسهيل التوثيق من قِبَل
المؤسسة المشروع
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International