Stakeholders in the field (Zeyliger A.)
Drip irrigation experiments have been carried out on the left bank of the Volga River. Economic problems, regional reforms and shortage of investments in municipal water supply infrastructure led to problems of water quality and quantity of available water for industrial, agricultural and domestic uses. The situation is getting worse with the effects of regional climate change. Especially during summer, the study region has problems with shortage of water not just for irrigation of agricultural fields, or gardens, but also for domestic use. In such situations, more efficient water use is required through introducing water-saving technologies. One of these well-known irrigation technologies is drip irrigation. Small quantities of water are directly delivered to the plants by a pipe system. This technology is the most effective from the point of view of green water use efficiency. Correct application of drip irrigation technology drastically decreases water losses by runoff and evaporation as well as deep percolation to soil depths inaccessible to root uptake. Water can be provided to plants from surface water reservoirs, water tanks or groundwater wells through a network of plastic pipes (under low water pressure) and delivered through a water drip system. The flow rate can be adjusted to the needs of the particular stage of plant growth, to soil hydraulic properties and to the prevailing weather conditions. The low-pressure supply system can be operated using a header tank or directly by using a water pump to raise water from nearby surface water storage or a groundwater well.
The aim of this technology is to show the effectiveness of freshwater usage in irrigating vegetables (tomatoes, peppers) at the scale of subsidiary plots or small irrigation systems (several ha in size) in a region with scarce water resources both as a water-saving measure and an eco-friendly alternative to furrow irrigation. Owing to the relative narrowness of the drip feeders, they are prone to blockages from organic matter, mineral particles or dissolved compounds. To prolong the lifetime of the drip irrigation equipment, it needs to be maintained using preventive and remedial measures such as visual inspection of pipes and water supply sources, filter installations as well as flushing the tubes and drip emitters to remove deposits.
In general, a number of medium-scale farmers are using furrow irrigation of vegetables as their main agricultural activity. Drip-irrigation technology was tested with four families and compared to furrow irrigation in order to compare water consumption (water use efficiency as rate of yield and volume of water used for irrigation) as well as its impact on soil degradation and ground-water. The water use efficiency of drip irrigation is 3 - 10 times higher than that of furrow irrigation, depending on local conditions and qualification of furrow irrigators. Furthermore, this technology avoids water loss through soil surface evaporation, percolation to deep soil layers and ground water, and runoff into near water bodies (causing pollution by chemicals used for agricultural activities at irrigated fields like fertilizers and plant protectors). The negative impact of furrow irrigation on soil productivity is usually very high due to soil erosion.
Experimentations and demonstration of drip irrigation were done at two levels. The first level involved large-scale farms with the aim of demonstrating the considerable gains to be made through the efficient use of water, through the development of representative experimental plots on fields used for furrow irrigation by two farmers. The second level was developed for small-scale farmers and householders to demonstrate the efficiency of water saving in gardening.
الموقع: Marksovsky District, Saratov Region, الاتحاد الروسي
عدد مواقع تنفيذ التقنيةالتي تم تحليلها:
انتشار التقنية: منتشرة بالتساوي على مساحة (approx. < 0.1 كم2 (10 هكتار))
في منطقة محمية بشكل دائم؟:
تاريخ التنفيذ: منذ أقل من 10 سنوات (مؤخرًا)
نوع التقديم
| تحديد المدخلات | الوحدة | الكمية | التكاليف لكل وحدة (ruble) | إجمالي التكاليف لكل مدخل (ruble) | % من التكاليف التي يتحملها مستخدمو الأراضي |
| العمالة | |||||
| labour | ha | 1,0 | 60,0 | 60,0 | 100,0 |
| معدات | |||||
| tools | ha | 1,0 | 3000,0 | 3000,0 | |
| إجمالي تكاليف إنشاء التقنية | 3'060.0 | ||||
| إجمالي تكاليف إنشاء التقنية بالدولار الأمريكي | 87.43 | ||||
| تحديد المدخلات | الوحدة | الكمية | التكاليف لكل وحدة (ruble) | إجمالي التكاليف لكل مدخل (ruble) | % من التكاليف التي يتحملها مستخدمو الأراضي |
| العمالة | |||||
| labour | ha | 1,0 | 60,0 | 60,0 | 100,0 |
| إجمالي تكاليف صيانة التقنية | 60.0 | ||||
| إجمالي تكاليف صيانة التقنية بالدولار الأمريكي | 1.71 | ||||
