Preparation 500 application in agricultural soils under a biodynamic management. (Alicia Morugán Coronado)
1. Preparation 500 application in agricultural soils under a biodynamic management is applied in a flat peaches orchard of 40 ha located in Jumilla in southeastern Spain. It is sited in the north east of the Region of Murcia, on the Altiplano area, close to the towns of Cieza and Yecla. This area has an important agricultural activity being the mainly crops the vineyards, Jumilla is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines that extends over
the north of the region of Murcia.
2. This technology is based on the application of the preparation number 500, commonly known as cow horn manure. Preparation 500 is made by filling a cow's horn with cow dung every year, and burying it in the soil during the cooler months (November through February). The horns should be buried open end down so that they will not become water logged if the pit is over watered. When the preparation is ready after 4 months should have turned into dark humus. It should be stored in a cool place and in glazed pots isolated. It is sprayed up to four times a year. The best times are in October and November and then again in February and March. It is stirred for one hour making a vortex. The Horn Manure preparation 500 should be diluted in good-quality rainwater that has been properly stored. The preparation is then stirred vigorously for exactly one hour before spraying. The water should be heated before stirring, ideally to body temperature. Spraying in the field area should be done in the evening, not before 5 pm (4 pm in winter) on a day that is not too windy or too hot, avoiding direct sunlight. A slightly overcast, late afternoon is ideal. Avoid spraying in the rain, or if heavy rains are forecast after spraying. Don't spray if night frost is expected, in order to ensure the correct working of preparation 500.
Preparation 500 is basically fermented cow dung. It is the basis for soil fertility, and the renewal of degraded soils.
3. The main purpose of this technology is focused in to treat the farm as a living system, based on preparations
which mean objective is prepare to soil as self-sustaining agro-ecosystem.
4. This flat tree orchard was under organic farming management before the current technology was applied, the major activity was elaborated the preparation 500 and sprayed out in the orchard. Secondary activities were focused in maintain the preparation during the rest of the year and improve the soil keeping vegetation cover and reducing the tillage.
5. There are several benefits observed after this technology was applied, regarding the soil quality a Strong humus layer was formed and organic matter increased, in general the soil structure improved. Another positive impact was the response against plagues, the establishment of self-sustaining agro-ecosystem increase the biodiversity and the
beneficial species in the orchard.
6. Land user is satisfied with the results of this technology in his orchard because a new market sector opens thanks to changing the orchard to biodynamic farming, the crop quality and the soil properties improved, soil organic matter, soil structure and response against plagues were enhanced. On the other hand, land user dislikes the great amount of money to change the agricultural management to biodynamic farming, the preparations and the external organization certifications are expensive.
الموقع: Jumilla, Murcia, إسبانيا
عدد مواقع تنفيذ التقنيةالتي تم تحليلها: موقع واحد
انتشار التقنية: منتشرة بالتساوي على مساحة (approx. 0.1-1 كم2)
في منطقة محمية بشكل دائم؟:
تاريخ التنفيذ: 2014
نوع التقديم
| تحديد المدخلات | الوحدة | الكمية | التكاليف لكل وحدة (euro) | إجمالي التكاليف لكل مدخل (euro) | % من التكاليف التي يتحملها مستخدمو الأراضي |
| العمالة | |||||
| weed cutting | persona/dia | 2,0 | 60,0 | 120,0 | 100,0 |
| Filling horns, burying and recovery | persona/dia | 15,0 | 60,0 | 900,0 | 100,0 |
| Mixing hummus with water and spread out preparation 500 | persona/dia | 5,0 | 60,0 | 300,0 | 100,0 |
| معدات | |||||
| electricity | item | 2,0 | 18,0 | 36,0 | 100,0 |
| Cow horns to be filled with cow dung | item | 100,0 | 10,0 | 1000,0 | 100,0 |
| glazed storing pots for Preparation 500 | item | 3,0 | 50,0 | 150,0 | 100,0 |
| tractor with trailer (hire per day) | pieza | 1,0 | 30,0 | 30,0 | 100,0 |
| cow dung | item | 5,0 | 60,0 | 300,0 | 100,0 |
| المواد النباتية | |||||
| shovel | item | 1,0 | 15,0 | 15,0 | 100,0 |
| tank | irem | 1,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | 100,0 |
| 1,0 | 3000,0 | 3000,0 | 100,0 | ||
| الأسمدة والمبيدات الحيوية | |||||
| cow manure needed to produce Preparation 500 | kg | 10,0 | 10,0 | 100,0 | 100,0 |
| organic amendment | |||||
| إجمالي تكاليف إنشاء التقنية | 5'961.0 | ||||
| إجمالي تكاليف إنشاء التقنية بالدولار الأمريكي | 6'311.22 | ||||
| تحديد المدخلات | الوحدة | الكمية | التكاليف لكل وحدة (euro) | إجمالي التكاليف لكل مدخل (euro) | % من التكاليف التي يتحملها مستخدمو الأراضي |
| العمالة | |||||
| Biodynamics preparations application | persona/dia | 15,0 | 60,0 | 900,0 | 100,0 |
| 5,0 | 60,0 | 300,0 | 100,0 | ||
| 2,0 | 60,0 | 120,0 | 100,0 | ||
| معدات | |||||
| tractor with trailer (hire per day) | item | 8,0 | 30,0 | 240,0 | 100,0 |
| الأسمدة والمبيدات الحيوية | |||||
| preparations | item | 10,0 | 10,0 | 100,0 | 100,0 |
| manure | item | ||||
| إجمالي تكاليف صيانة التقنية | 1'660.0 | ||||
| إجمالي تكاليف صيانة التقنية بالدولار الأمريكي | 1'757.53 | ||||
Biodynamic farming reduce soil degradation
the soil keept the moisture because the organic amendment applied in preparation 500
