Public awareness - Field Day at the Project Farm (Cherezdanov Farm, 2004, droughty year) (Muratbek Karabayev)

Awareness Raising for SLM Using Conservation Agriculture (كازاخستان)

Awareness and knowledge on Conservation Agriculture for rainfed crop production

الوصف

Raising awareness and strengthening the capability and skills of farmers, agriculture specialists and researchers in developing and adoption resource-saving, profitable and environmentally friendly cereal production through Conservation Agriculture practices.

The main features of the approach:
•Empower farmers to become self-sufficient in managing their lands under Conservation Agriculture through education, awareness raising with a focus on transferring knowledge, skills and tools to improve crop production, increase food security, and incomes of rural communities.
•Promote the transition from traditional farming to modern systems based on minimal soil treatment, diversified crop production, stubble retention and direct seeding by building capacity.
•Facilitate positive change by leveraging the strengths and capabilities of different partners to transfer skills, knowledge and resources to farmers and communities interested in active CA adoption.
In Kazakhstan the most of crop management experiences and education in universities emphasized conventional tillage based production systems. Changing minds to accept crop management practices based on the principles of Conservation Agriculture is one of the biggest constraint of CA adoption. Farmers are ready to change their mind set if they are knowledgeable, well informed and see the benefits of CA-based crop management practices in their fields. The approach is based on awareness raising, training of farmers and farmer testing of CA technology in close collaboration with specialists from international and local institutions. An active dialogue with farmers, knowledge and technology dissemination are built on participation of qualified specialists/experts who are part of the management team of each farm and are able to efficiently test and adapt new technologies to the local conditions. CA is a complex approach and system, it implies changes in a number of technological components of the existing traditional systems of agriculture. It is necessary to change two basic paradigms: the paradigm of soil tillage and the paradigm of linear knowledge flow.
Many agricultural research and extension systems are based on a linear model of knowledge flow, with new knowledge being developed in research organizations, passed on to agricultural extension agents who in turn pass on the new knowledge and information to farmers. While this model may be applied to simple technology, it does not always effectively work with complex technologies, especially when research institutes do not have the capacity to develop functional packages of multiple technological components for all farmer situations. Innovative approaches on the basis of complex technologies are needed in adaptation, system development process and promotion. Innovative approach (platforms) are based on networks of multiple agents, including farmers-innovators and decision-makers, all utilizing their own knowledge, external information and policy support to help overcome problems and develop functional systems for local farming conditions and farmer circumstances.

The target farmers as well as farmers of the neighbouring farming community were trained on-the-job on key topics of CA such as diversified cropping systems, chemical fallow, minimum/no-tillage, direct seeding, and snow and residue management. Altogether four training workshops were carried out. In each session international and national experts trained about 30 farmers. Conservation Agriculture study tour to USA (Washington State, Idaho State) and Canada (Saskatchewan Province) was organized. Public awareness and also training on CA-technology also were generated through six field days and seminars bringing together farmers, stakeholders, policy-makers and researchers to observe and discuss key field demonstrations.

Large-scale adoption of Conservation Agriculture (zero/minimum soil tillage, leaving crop residues in the fields, direct seeding with narrow chisel and disk openers, permanent bed-planting and furrow irrigation, etc.) were initiated by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and FAO in 2002. Thanks to the joint efforts of national scientists and farmers, international organizations (CIMMYT, FAO, ICARDA, World Bank, UNDP, USAID, etc.), support by the state and government bodies, the areas under no-till have been increasing from virtually none in 2002 to an estimated area of 3 000 000 ha in 2019.

الموقع

الموقع: Northern Kazakhstan: Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions (provinces), كازاخستان

المرجع الجغرافي للمواقع المختارة
  • 69.44091, 54.55295
  • 72.19024, 50.80593
  • 69.80462, 51.52757
  • 71.83196, 52.79333

تاريخ البدء: 2002

سنة الإنهاء: 2004

نوع النهج
Training of farmers, extension workers and specialists (CIMMYT-Kazakhstan office)
Seminar at the project farm (CIMMYT-Kazakhstan office)

غايات النهج والبيئة المواتية

الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج
Improve knowledge, raising awareness, enhance capability of farmers, agriculture specialists and different partners in using CA-farming practices for a more sustainable and profitable crop production in rainfed lands of Kazakhstan
الشروط التي تمكن من تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة في إطار النهج
  • التعاون/التنسيق بين الجهات الفاعلة: The CA approach is based on collaboration and network of multiple agents and actors (farmers-innovators, decision-makers, national and international institutions, researchers, experts, etc.) to enable and help overcome problems and develop functional systems for local farming conditions and farmer circumstances.
  • المعرفة حول الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي، والوصول إلى الدعم الفني: •Knowledge of weed control: Options for weed control with different weed spectra and these different conditions must be available. •Knowledge of crop rotations incorporating species profitable for farming, demanded by the market, tolerant to dry conditions and enriching soil, e.g. legumes. •Knowledge and information about the CA equipment most appropriate for use in the country conditions are significant factor in the spread and successful management of CA, especially direct seeders, sprayers for uniform herbicide application and straw spreaders for the combine harvesters.
الظروف التي تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة في إطار النهج

مشاركة وأدوار الأطراف المعنية

الأطراف المعنية بالنهج وأدوارها
ما هي الجهات المعنية / الكيانات المنفذة التي شاركت في النهج؟ حدد الأطراف المعنيين وصف أدوار الأطراف المعنية
مستخدمو الأراضي المحليون/المجتمعات المحلية 1) A.Darynov, “Daryn” Farm, Valikhanovo village, Zharkainsky district, Akmola region, Kazakhstan 2) M.Sagimbayev, “Dostyk06” Farm, Astrahanovka village, Astrahanskyi district, Akmola region, Kazakhstan 3) V.Surayev, “Surayev” Farm, Vishnevka village, Arshalinskyi district, Akmola region, Kazakhstan 4) V.Cherezdanov, “Cherezdanov” Farm, Smirnovo village, Akkayinskii district, Northern Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan Coordination of field works, adoption at the farm
متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي / مستشارون زراعيون 1) Dr.M.Matyushkov, Research and Production Center of Grain Farming, Shortandy, Akmola region, adviser in agriculture equipment 2) Dr.I.Vasko, Research and Production Center of Grain Farming, Shortandy, Akmola region, adviser in agronomy and economics 1) Adoption of CA equipment at farms 2) Assessment of CA technology effectiveness
الباحثون 1) Dr.A.Bektemirov, Research and Production Center of Grain Farming, Shortandy, Akmola region, consultant on soil science 2) Dr.A.Kenjebekov, Research and Production Center of Grain Farming, Shortandy, Akmola region, consultant on agronomy 1) Soil investigations and analysis 2) Agronomy research and analysis
الحكومة الوطنية (المخططون، صانعو القرار) Prof.K.Elemesov, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Head of Science Department, National Project Coordinator Coordination of the CA adoption project on behalf of the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
منظمة دولية 1) Dr.Th,Bachmann, FAO Specialist on Agronomy 2) Dr.Th.Friedrich, FAO Specialist on Engineering 3) Prof. M.Karabayev, CIMMYT Representative in Kazakhstan 1) Consultations on agronomy issues of the CA technology adoption 2) Consultations on engineering issues of the CA technology adoption 3) The Project Leader
Foreign organization Prof. L. Makus, Professor of Economics, Idaho State University, USA Economic research and assessment of CA adoption at farms
الوكالة الرائدة
The lead Agency - Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan
انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج
غير موجود
سلبي
الدعم الخارجي
تفاعلي
التعبئة الذاتية
المبادرة/التحفيز
x
Farmers involved in the project realization participated at the different seminars on CA technologies and innovations in land management organized by international institutions (FAO, CIMMYT)
التخطيط
x
Definition of the most appropriate (location, size) lands, needs in labour, equipment, technique support for the project trials.
التنفيذ
x
Organization, manage and control field works.
الرصد/التقييم
x
Active participation and assistance to the project consultants in monitoring and evaluation processes.
مخطط التدفق

Conservation Agriculture Innovative approach (platform) is based on networks of multiple agents, including farmers-innovators and decision-makers, all utilizing their own knowledge, external information and policy support to help overcome problems and develop functional systems for local farming conditions and farmer сircumstances

المؤلف: M. Karabayev
اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

وقد تم اتخاذ القرارات من قبل

  • مستخدمو الأراضي وحدهم (المبادرة الذاتية)
  • مستخدمو الأراضي بشكل أساسي، بدعم من متخصصي الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
  • جميع الجهات الفاعلة ذات الصلة، كجزء من نهج تشاركي
  • متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بشكل أساسي، بعد التشاور مع مستخدمي الأراضي
  • متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بمفردهم
  • السياسيون / القادة

تم اتخاذ القرارات بناء على

  • تقييم المعرفة الموثقة جيدًا بشأن الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي(اتخاذ القرارات القائمة على الأدلة)
  • نتائج البحوث
  • خبرة وآراء شخصية(غير موثقة)

الدعم الفني وبناء القدرات وإدارة المعرفة

شكلت الأنشطة أو الخدمات التالية جزءًا من النهج
بناء القدرات/التدريب
تم تقديم التدريب للأطراف المعنية التالية
  • مستخدمو الأراضي
  • موظفون ميدانيون/ مستشارون
شكل التدريب
  • في العمل
  • من مزارع إلى مزارع
  • مناطق العرض
  • اجتماعات عامة
  • دورات
المواضيع المغطاة

“Conservation Agriculture for rainfed crop production”, “Conservation Agriculture for irrigated crop production”

خدمة استشارية
تم تقديم الخدمة الاستشارية
  • في حقول مستخدمي الأراضي
  • في مراكز دائمة
National Agriculture Research System (NARS) of Kazakhstan represented by the National Agrarian Research and Education Center (NAREC) of the Ministry of Agriculture has research institutes and extension centers in all main agriculture regions of the country where farmers and all needed persons have access to advisory service, including CA-based technologies.
تعزيز المؤسسات
تم تعزيز/إنشاء المؤسسات
  • لا
  • نعم، قليلا
  • نعم، باعتدال
  • نعم، إلى حد كبير
على المستوى التالي
  • محلي
  • إقليمي
  • وطني
صف المؤسسة والأدوار والمسؤوليات والأعضاء وما إلى ذلك.
Agricultural Centers for extension and dissemination of knowledge are located in all main agriculture regions of Kazakhstan. Roles and responsibilities: advisory service, consultations.
نوع الدعم
  • مالي
  • بناء القدرات/التدريب
  • معدات
مزيد من التفاصيل
Agricultural Centers for extension and dissemination of knowledge conduct and carry out on regularly basis trainings, seminars, workshops, meetings for and with farmers, visit farm fields and trials to provide on-place consultations and monitoring.
الرصد والتقييم
Monitoring and evaluation were carried out by the project team, consist of National Coordinator, Project Leader, national and international consultants and advisors, heads of the project farms. Also together with agriculture workers implementing field works at farms the project team members participated in main field activities: seeding, weed control, harvesting.
البحوث
تناول البحث المواضيع التالية
  • علم الاجتماع
  • الاقتصاد / التسويق
  • علم الايكولوجيا
  • تكنولوجيا

Technology and economics research were carried out by two main national research institutes: 1) Kazakh Research and Production Center for Grain Farming, Shortandy settl., Akmola region (province); 2) Kazakh Research Institute for Farming and Crop Production, Almalybak settl., Almaty region (province).

التمويل والدعم المادي الخارجي

الميزانية السنوية بالدولار الأمريكي لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
  • < 2000
  • ‏ 10,0000-2,000
  • 100,000-10,000
  • 1,000000-100،000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: غير متاح
Main sources/donors of funding of the SLM component of the approach: FAO (80%), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center – CIMMYT (20%). The FAO TCP/KAZ/2801 (T) “Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Crop Production in Northern Kazakhstan” project duration: 2002-2004.
تم تقديم الخدمات أو الحوافز التالية لمستخدمي الأراضي
  • الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي
  • إعانات لمدخلات محددة
  • الائتمان
  • حوافز أو وسائل أخرى

تحليل الأثر والتصريحات الختامية

آثار النهج
لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير
هل مكّن النهج من اتخاذ القرارات المبنية على الأدلة؟

Land-users and decision-makers are convinced to adopt and promote CA as key element of the agriculture system in the country

x
هل ساعد النهج مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ وصيانة تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟

The approach helped land users to clearly understand all components and stages of CA, to follow and abide main requirements for the technology introduction and maintenance.

x
هل نجح النهج في تحسين التنسيق والتنفيذ الفعال من حيث التكلفة لأنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟

CA adoption and promotion implies participation of multiple agents the approach suggested ways to effective coordination and implementation of SLM

x
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين معرفة وقدرات مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟

The approach enabled farmers and national specialists to recognize as perspective, economically and ecologically profitable of Conservation Agriculture based on no-till and direct seeding systems.

x
هل أدى هذا النهج إلى تحسين الأمن الغذائي / تحسين التغذية؟

Yield of spring wheat under CA, in average, 50 to 60% higher in comparison with the conventional technologies.

x
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين قدرة مستخدمي الأراضي على التكيف مع التغيرات المناخية/الظواهر المناخية المتطرفة والتخفيف من الكوارث المرتبطة بالمناخ؟

The advantages of CA are especially evident in the years of drought, that is extremely important for Kazakhstani soil-climate conditions (called as “Area of Risk Farming”)

x
المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
استدامة أنشطة النهج
هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي الحفاظ على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟

الاستنتاجات والدروس المستفادة

نقاط القوة: وجهة نظر مستخدم الأرض
  • Because the approach is focused on awareness raising and the transfer of skills, knowledge and world experience it facilitates the mobilization of strengths and capabilities of farmers and different partners for effective adoption and promotion of CA.
نقاط القوة: وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
  • The approach aims at sustainably intensifying farming systems and have a positive effect on the environment using natural processes. It helps farmers to adapt and increase profits in spite of climate risks. This approach by bringing awareness on advantages of CA to farmers, decision-makers, general public is a way of highest importance for Kazakhstan's “Area of Risk Farming”. Conservation agriculture can be considered climate-smart as it delivers on the objectives of climate-smart agriculture.
نقاط الضعف / المساوىء / المخاطر: وجهة نظر مستخدم الأرضكيفية التغلب عليها
  • At farms level CA approach, especially on initial stages of its introduction and adoption, requires regular consultations and support by visiting foreign and international specialists on the issues and problems where national personnel is not enough experienced. Financial support of these visits and activities is necessary. CA-based projects, especially those funded by international R&D agencies, can to some extent help with foreign experts visits and consultations. To accelerate introduction of CA it would be timely and effective if government allocates special funds for invited foreign and international experts through national programs on agriculture research and education.
نقاط الضعف / المساوىء / المخاطر: وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلوماتكيفية التغلب عليها
  • Effective promotion of the CA-based approach in the country requires further measures to improve coordination between government, non-governmental and international organizations working in this area As an innovative approach a CA platform must consist of and be based on interaction, cooperation, and a network of multiple agents: farmers, researchers, specialists in extension and marketing, manufacturers, policy-makers, state bodies, international R&D institutions. The establishment of a National or Regional “Network on Conservation Agriculture” coordinating all necessary activities and processes is considered important to effectively promote CA in the country and region.

المراجع

جامع المعلومات
  • Kulyash Iskandarova
المحررون
المُراجع
  • Rima Mekdaschi Studer
تاريخ التوثيق: 13 فبراير، 2020
اخر تحديث: 10 مارس، 2020
الأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
الوصف الكامل في قاعدة بيانات WOCAT
بيانات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي المرتبطة
تم تسهيل التوثيق من قِبَل
المؤسسة المشروع
المراجع الرئيسية
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