River training dam with gabion reinforcement built in Obishur watershed, Southern Tajikistan (Margaux Tharin)
The river training dam is a disaster mitigation structure constructed in the middle zone of the watershed of Obishur (Southern Tajikistan), at 1400 metres above sea level. It is diverting the water from the river fan naturally flowing through Kulchashma village into a different direction and river outlet (Yakhsu river). The dike is a simple structure consisting of a 400m-long and 4m-high channel dug by bulldozer consolidated by a 60m-long and 3m-wide gabion protecting a sharp curve of the river. The material needed is limited to stones and wire net, and the construction as well as maintenance costs are hence low and don't need a too high amount of labour, provided by the communities as in-kind contribution. The structure is built to resist a pressure of up to 72 m3/sec. Given the annual frequency and strength of the local floods, the Kulchashma river training dam has an estimated life expectancy of 30 years. The land users proposed to establish the dam in order to protect the 250 households and 270 ha of land downstream being regularly affected by the floods. In particular, people, houses, roads and other infrastructure, crop and pasture land as well as animals and other assets were highly exposed to the risk of flood. The agricultural production, constituting the main part of people’s income was hindered by the regular occurrence of disasters. The establishment of the river training dam resulted in the rehabilitation of unproductive land in the river fan and its use as pasture and arable land which the community mainly uses for agroforestry. The occurrence of crop pests decreased, the crop diversity was increased, the crop and land productivity improved, thereby enhancing the land users’ food security and overall income. The dam also allowed vulnerable community members to access land and build houses. The construction of buildings behind the dam is however risky and communities tend to forget or ignore that a risk of failure of the dam persists, and that its life expectancy is limited. But first of all, the personal safety of the community members is now improved and they are happy to be able to sleep without the fear of regular floods.
الموقع: Kulchashma Jamoat, Kulchashma village, Khatlon Region, Muminabad District, طاجيكستان
عدد مواقع تنفيذ التقنيةالتي تم تحليلها: موقع واحد
انتشار التقنية: يتم تطبيقها في نقاط محددة/ تتركز على مساحة صغيرة
في منطقة محمية بشكل دائم؟:
تاريخ التنفيذ: 2014
نوع التقديم
| تحديد المدخلات | الوحدة | الكمية | التكاليف لكل وحدة (دولار أمريكي USD) | إجمالي التكاليف لكل مدخل (دولار أمريكي USD) | % من التكاليف التي يتحملها مستخدمو الأراضي |
| العمالة | |||||
| Construction of wire net gabions | person-hours | 1400,0 | 1,5 | 2100,0 | 100,0 |
| Bulldozer driving | person-hours | 150,0 | 1,5 | 225,0 | |
| معدات | |||||
| Bulldozer rent | day | 15,0 | 63,0 | 945,0 | |
| Fuel for bulldozer | litre | 2250,0 | 1,35 | 3037,5 | |
| Diesel oil for bulldozer | litre | 68,0 | 2,13 | 144,84 | |
| Spindle oil for bulldozer | litre | 45,0 | 2,0 | 90,0 | |
| مواد البناء | |||||
| wire net (diametre 4mm) | m2 | 625,0 | 1,6 | 1000,0 | |
| wire (diametre 3mm) | kg | 26,0 | 1,6 | 41,6 | |
| غير ذلك | |||||
| Gearbox oil for bulldozer | litre | 22,0 | 2,5 | 55,0 | |
| Solid oil for bulldozer | litre | 22,0 | 3,0 | 66,0 | |
| Gas for bulldozer | litre | 22,0 | 1,4 | 30,8 | |
| إجمالي تكاليف إنشاء التقنية | 7'735.74 | ||||
| إجمالي تكاليف إنشاء التقنية بالدولار الأمريكي | 7'735.74 | ||||
| تحديد المدخلات | الوحدة | الكمية | التكاليف لكل وحدة (دولار أمريكي USD) | إجمالي التكاليف لكل مدخل (دولار أمريكي USD) | % من التكاليف التي يتحملها مستخدمو الأراضي |
| العمالة | |||||
| Fixing wire net (by Self Help Group) | hour | 40,0 | 0,8 | 32,0 | 100,0 |
| مواد البناء | |||||
| wire net | kg | 7,0 | 1,0 | 7,0 | 100,0 |
| إجمالي تكاليف صيانة التقنية | 39.0 | ||||
| إجمالي تكاليف صيانة التقنية بالدولار الأمريكي | 39.0 | ||||
الكمية قبل الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي: No production
الكمية بعد الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي: Self-use + surplus sold on market
6000 kg onions/ ha
35-40% increase
On average 50% increase of fodder. Additionally, fodder crop seeds (lucerne) can be sold; increases land users' income.
One of the main and most important impact
25-30% increase in production area in lowlands (downstream) through rehabilitation of unproductive land which was previously regularly flooded and covered by sediments.
Trees newly planted are used for riverbed protection and fuelwood production
Floods do not contaminate spring drinking waters with sediments
Irrigation channel not destroyed by annual floods anymore.
Pests decreased.
Through rehabilitation of unproductive land in river fan.
Cultivation of wheat plots and vegetables for self-use and sale
Previously unused land in the river fan is now registered as pasture land with a land certificate for the use of the community, and new houses where also built on this land.
Taxes can be collected with the registration and certification of pasture land and with the authorisation of house construction.
With dam constructed, economically disadvantaged people have space for building a house on the rehabilitated land.
