Zhasela Community Forest (Tshering Yangzom)

Zhasela Community Forest Management Group (CFMG) (بوتان)

Zhasela Drongdhey Nagtshel Zinchong Detshen (ཞ་འཆི་ལ་གྲོང་སྡེ་ནགས་ཚལ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་སྡེ་ཚན།)

الوصف

The Zhasela Community Forest (CF) in Lhuentse covers an area of approximately 208 acres (83 ha). The Zhasela CF Management Group (CFMG), consisting of members of 15 households, has been formed for sustainable utilization and management of forest resources, protection of water sources, and income generation through the sale of sustainable forest products to reduce poverty.

Zhasela Community Forest (CF) covers an area of approximately 208 acres (83 ha). The community forest name “Zhasela” is derived from the local deity of the forest, Zhasela. The CF is a cool broadleaf forest. The dominant tree species found are the species of the genera Michelia, Persia, Symplocos, Betula, and Cinnamomum. The CF is looked after by the Community Forest Management Group (CFMG) consisting of members of 15 households. The operation of the CFMG is guided by the Community Forest Management Plan (CFMP). The first period of Zhasela CF management was between 2004 and 2014. The CF coverage was around 84 acres (33 ha) with 13 CFMG households. At the end of the first planning period, the CF management was retained and the CFMP revised for the next 10 years. The revised plan period was completed in 2017 with the addition of almost 124 acres (50 ha) resulting in a total 208 acres (83 ha). The CFMG members increased from 13 to 15 households. The CFMG carries out the activities highlighted in the CFMP.
The main objectives of the approach are sustainable utilization and management of forest resources, protection of water sources, and income generation through the sale of sustainable forest products to reduce poverty.
Apart from the CFMG members, the stakeholders involved in the approach are the territorial division office, Gewog Forestry Extension Officer (GFEO), and CFMG members. The territorial division office's roles include training CFMG on a need's basis; providing technical inputs while implementing the CFMP; monitoring and providing feedback on CFMP implementation; providing market information and supporting marketing; providing support for amendment and revision of CFMP; verifying CFMG’s records annually; translating CFMP to a Dzongkha version; coordinating study tours; and disseminating or advertising information related to CF or CFMG.
What the CFMG members like about this approach is that it protects water sources, provides access to forest resources such as timber, fuel wood, and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as fodder, fencing/flag poles, and leaf litter. The approach also helps to resolve conflicts regarding access to forest resources, conserves the local forest, reduces erosion and landslides, and thus aids in habitat protection and biodiversity conservation.
In terms of the community, the approach also helps provide loans to members from the CF fund lending scheme with minimal interest. The other advantages of this approach include diversifying income sources by reducing dependency on a single source of income like livestock farming or crop production, strengthening social cohesion by empowering local communities to manage their resources collectively, facilitating collaboration among different stakeholders, sustainably utilizing and managing forest resources, and improving living standards and reducing poverty in rural communities.

الموقع

الموقع: Bragong village, Jalang chiwog, Minjey gewog, Lhuentse Dzongkhag, بوتان

المرجع الجغرافي للمواقع المختارة
  • 91.23899, 27.5791

تاريخ البدء: 2004

سنة الإنهاء: غير متاح

نوع النهج
Zhasela Community Forest Management Group (Tshering Yangzom)

غايات النهج والبيئة المواتية

الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج
The main objectives of the approach are sustainable utilization and management of forest resources, protection of water sources, and income generation through the sale of excess forest products to reduce poverty.
الشروط التي تمكن من تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة في إطار النهج
  • توفر/الوصول إلى الموارد والخدمات المالية: The CFMG has a ‘CF fund lending scheme’ where the money generated from selling CF resources such as surplus timber and wood products is lent to CFMG members at a minimal interest. Sometimes interest-free loans are provided to bereaved families and families bearing medical expenses due to sickness. The scheme provides relatively easy and cheap local access to cash for group members. During the first plan period of Zhasela CF management, CFMG generated more than Nu 320,000 from the sale of surplus timber and finished products. Nu 299, 600 was divided among the group members and each member received Nu 23,000.
  • الإطار المؤسساتي: The CFMG has helped the members improve their livelihoods and reduce poverty. The CFMG generate income through the sale of forest resources to contractors, government agencies, and private individuals.
  • التعاون/التنسيق بين الجهات الفاعلة: There is labour-sharing in the group for activities such as the plantation of seedlings, fire line creations, and overall forest management thereby easing workload in the group and improving collaboration and coordination. The CFMG members also help each other out in times of need. For example, Mr. Tshering Dorji's house was damaged by an earthquake in September 2009. In spring 2010, the CFMG allotted four drashing (trees of at least 50 cm diameter at breast height) from the CF free of cost to him for the reconstruction of his house.
  • المعرفة حول الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي، والوصول إلى الدعم الفني: Members realize the importance of the CF. They realize that the forest helps protect water sources, avoid erosions and land slides through land coverage, and increase wood production.
  • الأسواق (لشراء المدخلات وبيع المنتجات) والأسعار: There is a good market for the sale of surplus timber from the CF. Timber is sold in the form of logs, planks, and finished products like altar. The CFMG has been able to earn a substantial amount from the sale of timber to contractors, government agencies, and private individuals.
  • عبء العمل، توفر القوى العاملة: There is labour-sharing in the group thereby easing workload in the group.
الظروف التي تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة في إطار النهج

مشاركة وأدوار الأطراف المعنية

الأطراف المعنية بالنهج وأدوارها
ما هي الجهات المعنية / الكيانات المنفذة التي شاركت في النهج؟ حدد الأطراف المعنيين وصف أدوار الأطراف المعنية
مستخدمو الأراضي المحليون/المجتمعات المحلية 15 CFMG members from 15 households. The CFMG members carry out the activities highlighted in the CFMP.
متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي / مستشارون زراعيون GFEO The GFEO monitors the activities implemented by the CFMG and provides necessary assistance in any field that the CF members require.
الحكومة الوطنية (المخططون، صانعو القرار) Territorial division office The territorial division office's roles include training CFMG on a need base, providing technical inputs while implementing the Community Forest Management Plan (CFMP), monitoring and providing feedback on CFMP implementation, providing market information and supporting marketing, providing support for amendment and revision of CFMP, verifying CFMG’s records annually, translating CFMP to Dzongkha version, coordinating study tours, and disseminating or advertising information related to CF or CFMG.
انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج
غير موجود
سلبي
الدعم الخارجي
تفاعلي
التعبئة الذاتية
المبادرة/التحفيز
x
The people of Bragong village had observed a gradual depletion of forest resources near their village. Forest resources such as timber, firewood, fencing/flag poles, fodder, and other forest products had become scarce. So, the community came forward with the proposal to establish a CF. Furthermore, the GFEO had been emphasizing CF's importance to the villagers multiple times. This eventually led to the formation of the CF.
التخطيط
x
Forest territorial division office, GFEO, and CFMG members were involved. Through multiple discussions, they came up with the CFMP.
التنفيذ
x
The territorial division office, GFEO, and CFMG were involved. They formulated and finalized the CFMP. The CFMG members then carried out the activities highlighted in the CFMP under the guidance of GFEO and territorial division office.
الرصد/التقييم
x
The GFEO and CFMG members are involved. The monitoring of CF activities is done by all CF members. The necessary records are maintained by the nominated executive committee members (chairperson, secretary, treasurer) of CFMG. The executive members are mandated to submit annual progress reports to the GFEO. The GFEO monitor the activities implemented by CFMG.
مخطط التدفق

اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

وقد تم اتخاذ القرارات من قبل

  • مستخدمو الأراضي وحدهم (المبادرة الذاتية)
  • مستخدمو الأراضي بشكل أساسي، بدعم من متخصصي الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
  • جميع الجهات الفاعلة ذات الصلة، كجزء من نهج تشاركي
  • متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بشكل أساسي، بعد التشاور مع مستخدمي الأراضي
  • متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بمفردهم
  • السياسيون / القادة
  • Land users (CFMG members) and GFEO

تم اتخاذ القرارات بناء على

  • تقييم المعرفة الموثقة جيدًا بشأن الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي(اتخاذ القرارات القائمة على الأدلة)
  • نتائج البحوث
  • خبرة وآراء شخصية(غير موثقة)
  • The people of Bragong village had observed a gradual depletion of forest resources near their village. Forest resources such as timber, firewood, fencing/flag poles, fodder, and other forest products had become scarce. So, the community came forward with the proposal to establish a CF. Furthermore, the GFEO had been emphasizing CF's importance to the villagers multiple times. This eventually led to the formation of the CF.

الدعم الفني وبناء القدرات وإدارة المعرفة

شكلت الأنشطة أو الخدمات التالية جزءًا من النهج
بناء القدرات/التدريب
تم تقديم التدريب للأطراف المعنية التالية
  • مستخدمو الأراضي
  • موظفون ميدانيون/ مستشارون
شكل التدريب
  • في العمل
  • من مزارع إلى مزارع
  • مناطق العرض
  • اجتماعات عامة
  • دورات
المواضيع المغطاة

Accounting and record keeping
Forest management
Nursey management
Leadership skills
Power chain operation

خدمة استشارية
تم تقديم الخدمة الاستشارية
  • في حقول مستخدمي الأراضي
  • في مراكز دائمة
Land users have access to advisory services from the GFEO. The GFEO provides necessary assistance in any field that the CF members require and also advises the CFMG on the implementation of CFMP, the latest policies and amendments of the rule.
تعزيز المؤسسات
تم تعزيز/إنشاء المؤسسات
  • لا
  • نعم، قليلا
  • نعم، باعتدال
  • نعم، إلى حد كبير
على المستوى التالي
  • محلي
  • إقليمي
  • وطني
صف المؤسسة والأدوار والمسؤوليات والأعضاء وما إلى ذلك.
Land users have benefitted a lot from the CF, the water sources are protected, erosions and landslides are prevented, and there is sustainable utilization and management of forest resources. Also, land users are able to generate income through the sale of surplus forest products especially timber. During the first plan period of Zhasela CF management, CFMG generated more than Nu 320,000 from the sale of surplus timber and finished products. Nu 299, 600 was divided among the group members and each member received Nu 23,000.
نوع الدعم
  • مالي
  • بناء القدرات/التدريب
  • معدات
مزيد من التفاصيل
الرصد والتقييم
The Chief Forestry Officer, Gewog Ranger, and land users are involved in monitoring and evaluation. The monitoring of CF activities is done by all CF members (land users). The necessary records are maintained by the nominated executive committee members (chairperson, secretary, treasurer) of CFMG. The executive members are mandated to submit annual progress reports to Gewog Ranger. The Chief Forestry Officer and Gewog Ranger monitor the activities implemented by CFMG.

التمويل والدعم المادي الخارجي

الميزانية السنوية بالدولار الأمريكي لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
  • < 2000
  • ‏ 10,0000-2,000
  • 100,000-10,000
  • 1,000000-100،000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: غير متاح
There is no set annual budget for the SLM component of the approach but wherever necessary the land users use the CFMG fund and sometimes get financial and material support from the government.
تم تقديم الخدمات أو الحوافز التالية لمستخدمي الأراضي
  • الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي
  • إعانات لمدخلات محددة
  • الائتمان
  • حوافز أو وسائل أخرى
الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي
The CFMG received Nu.100,000 to carry out some of the activities reflected in the CFMP, four rolls of barbed wire, and some tree seedlings.
ممول جزئيا
ممول بالكامل
The CFMG received Nu.100,000 from the government to carry out some of the activities reflected in the CFMP, four rolls of barbed wire, and some tree seedlings.

x

العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي كان

تحليل الأثر والتصريحات الختامية

آثار النهج
لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير
هل ساهم النهج في تمكين مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين وتحسين مشاركة الأطراف المعنية؟

CF management has improved participation among the member households. The CFMG members work together and carry out the activities highlighted in the CFMP. There is labour-sharing in the group for activities such as the plantation of seedlings, fire line creations, and overall forest management thereby easing workload in the group and improving collaboration and coordination. The CF has helped empower local communities to manage their resources collectively. The CFMG members also help each other out in times of need. For example, Mr. Tshering Dorji's house was damaged by an earthquake in September 2009. In spring 2010, the CFMG allotted four drashing (trees of at least 50 cm diameter at breast height) from the CF free of cost to him for the reconstruction of his house. CFMG has improved stakeholder participation between members and the government. Both land users and government officials like GFEO have benefitted through the CF. As for the members, due to CF, they have access to forest resources such as timber, fuel wood, fencing/flag poles, NWFPs, and free grazing. Their water sources are also protected and risks of erosions and landslides have been minimized. All of these motivate them to manage the forest. As for the GFEO, the forest is sustainably being managed by the members guided by CFMP thereby making their work easier. The members and the GFEO are working together with the officials giving technical advice and conducting periodic monitoring and the members carrying out various sustainable forest management field work. The CF has facilitated collaboration between different stakeholders.

x
هل مكّن النهج من اتخاذ القرارات المبنية على الأدلة؟

During the first plan period of Zhasela CF management, CFMG utilized 147 drashing (trees of at least 50 cm dbh which is used for sawn timber), 20 numbers of cham (trees of 30-50 cm dbh which are used for beams), 3 numbers of tsim (trees of 20-30 cm dbh which are used for large poles), and 4 numbers of dangchung (trees of 10-20 cm dbh which are used for small poles). The group also generated income through the sale of surplus timber and finished products (altars). The group generated more than Nu 320,000 from the sale of surplus timber and finished products. Nu 299, 600 was divided among the group members and each member received Nu 23,000. Some of the activities carried out in the first plan period were 2 acres of barren land were planted and maintained, a tree nursery was established, and approximately 5 acres of unwanted bushes were cleared for enhancement of regeneration and growth of retained trees. The water sources were protected and risks of erosions and landslides were minimized. The members got access to many forest resources. The members reaped a lot of benefits from the CF and this made them revise and continue CFMP for another 10 years (2017-2027). All the positive aspects of the CF enable evidence-based decision-making.

x
هل ساعد النهج مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ وصيانة تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟

The management of CF by the CFMG has helped land users protect water sources, minimize erosion and landslides, and sustainably use forest resources.

x
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين معرفة وقدرات مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟

CF has helped land users protect water sources and sustainably use forest resources.

x
هل ساهم النهج في تمكين الفئات المحرومة اجتماعيا واقتصاديا؟

The CF has helped land users have access to forest resources such as timber, fuel wood, fencing/flag poles, and NWFPs and provided an opportunity to generate income.

x
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين المساواة بين الجنسين وتمكين النساء والفتيات؟

CFMG comprises both male and female land users. There is no gender discrimination.

x
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسن في مسائل حيازة الأراضي / حقوق المستخدمين التي أعاقت تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟

CF has resolved conflicts regarding access to forest resources.

x
هل أدى هذا النهج إلى تحسين الأمن الغذائي / تحسين التغذية؟

The CF has helped land users have access to forest resources such as timber, fuel wood, fencing/flag poles, and NWFPs and provided an opportunity to generate income. Also, CFMG provides loans to its members.

x
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين الوصول إلى المياه والصرف الصحي؟

The CF has helped protect the water sources.

x
هل أدى النهج إلى توفير فرص عمل ودخل؟

The land users generate income by selling forest products as they have access to forest resources.

x
المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
استدامة أنشطة النهج
هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي الحفاظ على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟

Sustainable use of resources in CF ensures regeneration and replenishment of harvested resources.

الاستنتاجات والدروس المستفادة

نقاط القوة: وجهة نظر مستخدم الأرض
  • Protection of water sources.
  • Access to forest resources such as timber, fuel wood, fencing/flag poles, fodder, leaf litter, and NWFPs.
  • Conflict mitigation due to clarity on access to forest resources.
  • Access to loans from the CF fund lending scheme with minimal interest.
  • Conservation of local forest.
  • Reduce erosion and landslides in the area.
  • Habitat protection and biodiversity conservation.
نقاط القوة: وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
  • Diversify income sources by reducing dependency on a single source of income like livestock farming or crop production.
  • Improve living standards and reduce poverty in rural communities.
  • Sustainable utilization and management of forest resources.
  • Strengthen social cohesion by empowering local communities to manage their resources collectively.
  • Facilitate collaboration among different stakeholders.
نقاط الضعف / المساوىء / المخاطر: وجهة نظر مستخدم الأرضكيفية التغلب عليها
نقاط الضعف / المساوىء / المخاطر: وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلوماتكيفية التغلب عليها
  • Farmers are not able to sell NWFPs due to a lack of markets in the vicinity. Since one of the roles and responsibilities of the territorial division office is to provide market information and support marketing (as highlighted in CFMP), it should come up with ways to link land users and markets in Lhuentse.

المراجع

جامع المعلومات
  • Tshering Yangzom
المحررون
  • Tashi Wangdi
المُراجع
  • William Critchley
  • Rima Mekdaschi Studer
  • Joana Eichenberger
تاريخ التوثيق: 21 أغسطس، 2023
اخر تحديث: 30 مايو، 2024
الأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
الوصف الكامل في قاعدة بيانات WOCAT
بيانات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي المرتبطة
تم تسهيل التوثيق من قِبَل
المؤسسة المشروع
المراجع الرئيسية
  • Phuntsho, S., Schmidt, K., Kuyakanon, R., & Temphel, K. J. (n.d.). Community Forestry in Bhutan: Putting People at the Heart of Poverty Reduction.: http://uwice.gov.bt/admin_uwice/publications/publication_files/Reports/2011/UWICER-CFIB.pdf#page=27
  • Wangchuk, S. (2014). Equity in Community Forestry Management: A Case of Lhuentse and Mongar Dzongkhags, Eastern Bhutan. Journal of the Bhutan Ecological Society, 48–59.: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sonam-Wangchuk-5/publication/313663481_Equity_in_Community_Forestry_Management_A_Case_of_Lhuentse_and_Mongar_Dzongkhags_Eastern_Bhutan/links/58a2047f45851598babae778/Equity-in-Community-Forestry-Management-A-Case-of-Lhuentse-and-Mongar-Dzongkhags-Eastern-Bhutan.pdf
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