1.2 تفاصيل الاتصال بالأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات والمؤسسات المعنية بتقييم وتوثيق النهج

اسم المشروع الذي سهّل توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

DESIRE (EU-DES!RE)

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD) - فرنسا

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IIAF) - المكسيك

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

SECRETARÍA DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y RECURSOS NATURALES (SECRETARÍA DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y RECURSOS NATURALES) - المكسيك

1.3 الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT

يوافق جامع المعلومات والشخص (لاشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات على الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT:

نعم

1.4 المراجع الخاصة باستبيان(استبيانات) تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

2.1 وصف موجز للنهج

Land reclamation with local agave (to produce mezcal) associated wotj trees, shrubs and grasses planted through participative actions for economic benefit.

2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج

وصف تفصيلي للنهج:

Aims / objectives: Rehabilitation of degraded land is achieved by using native agave and trees, shrubs and grasses which creates, over the medium-term (7-10 years), a sustainable production of an alcoholic drink and/or pharmaceutical products and/or fodder for cattle and/or wood. Further objectives are water conservation, biodiversity, generation of permanend employment, carbon sequestration, generation of higher family incomes and a reduction of the amount of livestock and number of animals and uncontrolled grazing. These positive impacts of the Approach contribute to preventing the rural population from emigrating to the cities or abroad.

Methods: Coordination, cooperation and systematic participatory process among stakeholders are the basis of the Approach. Promoting participatory process occurs through workshops, interviews with community leaders, field visits conducted with owners of the land to recognize the problems and identify areas of opportunity, training courses, exchange of experiences with other people who are developing similar projects at different stages. Technical advice and the links with scientists, technicians and public officials in charge of project beneficiaries is given under a two-way process of mutual learning and seeking to strengthen self-management capabilities that inspires innovation at the different stages. The key to success of a participatory Approach lies in liberating and developing community leadership and self-organization processes.

Stages of implementation: The project is part of a regional planning context and a basin scale approach of intervention. The watershed of the site project is included in a special programme of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Mexico which gives the opportunity of developing and financing a medium- to long-term project. The participatory process is delivered from planning, organizing, programming and implementing to financing, training, monitoring and disseminating the results. The greenhouse and nursery management, the technical assessment for the improvement of the agave forestry system, guidance with quality production of mezcal and marketing support to diversity products and sell them in order to make the project financially self-sustaining and profitable. All these stages range from short- to medium- and long-term.

Role of stakeholders: The government finances the project through grant resources, promotes the participation of beneficiaries and monitors it, seeking the management of resources and intersectoral participation. Scientists and academics share their knowledge, techniques and methodologies for implementation, improvement, evaluation and monitoring of each stage, and they support capacity-building of the community. The owners of the land and the community implement and develio each of the activities from building and maintaining the greenhouse and nursery, planting agaves, trees and shrubs, to the use and production of mezcal and other commercial products.

2.3 صور عن النهج

2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها

2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج

2.7 نوع النهج

• قائم على مشروع/برنامج

2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Economical activity, Health, agriculture, wood, agaveforestry)

Rehabilitation of degraded land is done using native agave, trees, shrubs and grasses which creates over the medium-term (7-10 years) sustainable production of an alcoholic drink (mezcal) and/or pharmaceutical products and/or fodder for cattle and/or wood.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Social and economic problems: Agriculture and livestock in the region are primarily for subsistence. The level of poverty and marginalization of the people of the project site is medium to high with low education levels. People need to migrate to the cities or outside the country to supplement the family budget. Prices of farmer productions are too low and do not allow economic survival. Therefore, only 10 to 20% of the total incomes are derived from agricultural products. This explains why the children of farmers do not wnat to become farmers and lands are less and less cultuvated. In correlation, as the livestock price is good and animals can be raised whth little input of time. Thus the number of animals is increasing and as they are grazing everywhere, they have a strong soil erosion impact.

2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج

3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم

3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج

	انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية	حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة
المبادرة/التحفيز	التعبئة الذاتية	Balance alternatives and take decisions to test the agave forestry
التخطيط	تفاعلي	Planning,organizing and programming the project, defining responsibilities, time and initial investment. Identification of agave seeds and a proper place to install the greenhouse and nursery.
التنفيذ	التعبئة الذاتية	Building and maintenance of greenhouse and nursery, selecting the sites for the plantation and planting. Training of land users by other land users to produce mezcal according to quality rules for a recognized product.
الرصد/التقييم	التعبئة الذاتية	In each field: monitoring plant growth, status of the protection against cattle grazing, indications of soil erosion.
Research	تفاعلي	Monitoring by some land users of some parameters defined by scientists.

3.3 مخطط التدفق (إذا كان متاحًا)

3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

هل تم اتخاذ قرارات بشأن اختيار التقنية(التقنيات)؟:

• by SLM specialists and by land users

اشرح:

To answer the preoccupation of land degradation, poverty etc... by land users, the SLM specialits present alternatives which were analyzed, avaluated through field visit to actual producers, and then discussed and accepted by land users

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. Proposals of SLM specialists based on experiences from other projects

4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب

هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:

نعم

حدد من تم تدريبه:

• مستخدمو الأراضي
• موظفون ميدانيون/ مستشارون

إذا كان ذلك على صلة، حدد الجنس والعمر والوضع والعرق وما إلى ذلك.

none

شكل التدريب:

• في العمل
• اجتماعات عامة

المواضيع المغطاة:

Training focused to explain which plant to select for seeds, how to create and maintain plants in greenhouses, how transplant them, and what is the strategy to plants them in the fields (border/production-trees/Agave...) Training for the alcohol production: management of the equipments, quality rules, tips, etc.. done by another mescal producer (small farmer) Training for annual herb

4.2 خدمة استشارية

هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:

نعم

حدد ما إذا كانت الخدمة الاستشارية متوفرة:

• في حقول مستخدمي الأراضي

وصف/تعليقات:

Name of method used for advisory service: Plant (native Agave, trees and herbaceous) production advises; Key elements: Plant selection, Management of plants under greenhouse, Field plantation design; 4. Process of the mature plants (Production of certified mescal, medicinal herbs...)

Advisory service is very adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The extension system is very adequate to ensure continuation of activities

4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)

هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:

• نعم، إلى حد كبير

حدد المستوى (المستويات) التي تم فيها تعزيز أو إنشاء المؤسسات:

• محلي

حدد نوع الدعم:

• مالي
• بناء القدرات/التدريب
• معدات

اعط مزيدا من التفاصيل:

transport

4.4 الرصد والتقييم

هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:

نعم

التعليقات:

area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users, other through observations

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations

area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through measurements

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements

bio-physical aspects were monitored by project staff, government through observations

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Too early to answer

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Too early to answer

4.5 البحوث

هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:

نعم

حدد المواضيع:

• الاقتصاد / التسويق
• علم الايكولوجيا
• تكنولوجيا

أعط تفاصيل إضافية وأشر إلى من قام بالبحوث:

No information about condition of production of this agave species, especially to the sugar produce by the plant which will be used for alcohol production (better plant in the shadow or under direct sun? better old plants than young one? etc...). Effectiveness of soil control erosion system (density of Agave plantations on line of green walls...) have not been measured until now

Research was carried out on station

5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور

إذا لم تكن الميزانية السنوية الدقيقة معروفة، قم بالإشارة إلى نطاقها:

• ‏ 10,0000-2,000

التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government: 80.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc): 10.0%; local community / land user(s): 10.0%

5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي

هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:

نعم

إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، حدد نوع (أنواع) الدعم والشروط والمزودين:

Parts comes from UE research project (DESIRE) and main part comes from environmental taxes funds managed by SEMARNAT (Sec environment)

5.3 إعانات لمدخلات محددة (بما في ذلك العمالة)

• معدات

• زراعة

• بناء

• غير ذلك

إذا كان العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي مدخلاً جوهريًا، فهل كان:

• مدفوع نقدا

التعليقات:

'PET' programs=payement in cash of local farmers for doing environmental works designed and directed by the SEMARNAT

5.4 الائتمان

هل تم توفير ائتمان في إطار نهج أنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

كلا

6.1 آثار النهج

6.2 المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج

هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:

• نعم

إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، صف كيف:

The first step need external funds, but then, when the production will start, the beneficts will cover all the costs of management and extension to cover more surface

6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
Productive project which generates economic benefits over the medium-term (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: As a result of the money earned, it will be possible to extend the area concerned and subsides will not be necessary anymore.)
The project is done in a participative way where different kinds of stakeholders are involved: administrators, politicians, scientists and the public (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Maintenance of the interaction between stakeholders from the workshops, present results to other authorities and appropriate fora.)

6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
Selling alcoholic drink is not necessarily beneficial from a health and societal point of view	Maintenance of campaign to reduce consumption and develop a responsible attitude to alcohol.
Women particularly, are worried about the possibility of the increas in alcohol consumtion	Since alcoholic drink will be produced in a semi-industrial way for external market, it is not supposed to be consumed by the communities themselves.

7.2 المراجع للمنشورات المتاحة

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

DESIRE project Mexico partner (IRD 22)

متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:

http://www.desire-project.eu/