1.2 تفاصيل الاتصال بالأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات والمؤسسات المعنية بتقييم وتوثيق النهج

اسم المشروع الذي سهّل توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Book project: Making sense of research for sustainable land management (GLUES)

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Universität Hohenheim - ألمانيا

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (HU Berlin) - ألمانيا

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

China Agricultural University (China Agricultural University) - الصين

1.3 الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT

متى تم تجميع البيانات (ميدانيا)؟:

27/01/2016

يوافق جامع المعلومات والشخص (لاشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات على الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT:

نعم

2.1 وصف موجز للنهج

Establishing communication between scientists and practitioners to improve sustainable rubber cultivation in Yunnan, China

2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج

وصف تفصيلي للنهج:

Aims / objectives: The Sino-German project “SURUMER: Sustainable rubber cultivation in the Mekong Region” is identifying appropriate, stakeholder-validated concepts for sustainable rubber cultivation in Xishuangbanna prefecture, South-west China. In order to at least begin to implement solutions for problems arising from monoculture, project partners from five German and seven Chinese research institutes and practitioner partners are testing a holistic approach. This combines communication activities (bilateral, as well as groups, mainly through workshops) with scientific analysis to enhance interaction and collaborative learning between practitioners and researchers.

Methods: The approach comprises a pragmatic combination of discourse instruments such as direct communication amongst partners, bilingual information material, newsletters, focus groups, and a series of workshops with key stakeholders. One of its main elements is participatory scenario development - including discussions on problem situations, priorities regarding ecosystem services, and trade-offs in different land use strategies.

Stages of implementation: During the first three-year phase of research, ecosystem functions and services were assessed and quantified. This phase of situation analysis had a clear multidisciplinary focus amongst researchers (topics as widely varied as carbon sequestration, pollination, and household economy). The next phase attempted to integrate findings from on-site measurements, household surveys, policy analyses and joint problem solving into identifying new land management options. A modelling approach which uses assessment indicators to define impacts of land management was chosen. The model also identifies trade-offs and synergies in different land management options. During this phase, demonstration trials were established at the plot level. In the last phase, the focus has shifted more and more towards implementation activities, for example policy briefings and training for farmers, village heads and administrative staff. Discussions with key actors amongst the practitioners, who can influence implementation, have started as early as possible. This follows the assumption that the more “realistic” the concepts are, and the better they are communicated to, and discussed with, the stakeholders, the greater the likelihood of implementation.

Role of stakeholders: Apart from the scientists, three key stakeholder groups have been identified, namely rubber farmers (often the village heads), regional decision-makers (prefecture administration and rubber companies), and provincial politicians. The main initiative, as well as the process of moderation, came from the group of scientists. Practitioners participate regularly at workshops and meetings. They express their interests regarding future rubber cultivation, and the information they would like to get from the researchers, and how this should be communicated.

Other important information: Experience shows that communication processes initiated by research play a key role and must be managed carefully. It is clear that significant resources and long-term commitment are needed, and that even “long” research projects of five years are not sufficient to reach full implementation or create impact.

2.3 صور عن النهج

2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها

2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج

2.7 نوع النهج

• قائم على مشروع/برنامج

2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Joint situation analysis, land use objectives/scenarios, networking (scientists & practitioners))

The holistic approach towards research-practice-integration combines scientific analyses with a range of activities to enhance interaction and collaborative learning amongst practitioners and researchers. This fosters the development of sustainable land use practices – amongst others the related technology: “Mitigating negative impacts of rubber monocultures by integrating native trees and changed weed management – and policies” (with an emphasis on sustainable rubber cultivation), and a start to implementation of project research results.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: In Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, monocultivation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) has enhanced farmers’ livelihoods fundamentally - but also caused severe environmental and societal problems. In order to sustain land use, a high standard of interdisciplinary integration as well as transdisciplinary communication and cooperation between researchers, practitioners and policy/administration is required this is to (at least partially) implement solutions to the complex problems related to sustainable land management. The more heterogeneous the actors are, the more challenging is the process of effective communication. However, commonly, neither procedures nor channels are established for such communication.

2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج

3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم

3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج

	انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية	حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة
المبادرة/التحفيز	غير موجود
التخطيط	سلبي	Approach and Technology planned by German and Chinese scientists with local partners: most important the Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve Bureau. Mainly by informal communication, meetings and planning workshops.
التنفيذ	تفاعلي	German and Chinese researchers cooperated in organizing stakeholder workshops and presenting preliminary research results . Three groups of stakeholders (politicians, regional decision makers, and village heads) were actively involved through interviews, focus groups, etc. Nature reserve administration operates demonstration plots, supervised by German scientists, who are also responsible for performance monitoring.
الرصد/التقييم	سلبي	Stakeholders who participated in the dialogue are asked to give feedback and to evaluate the approach. The approach was also evaluated by an external team of experts.
Research	سلبي	Land users were the main source of information for stakeholder analysis, economic studies, and a study on willingness to accept changes. Results of research were fed back into the approach. For example by presenting the concept and preliminary results of the technique (e.g. integrating native trees) in the framework of stakeholder workshops in which further management options (e.g. reduced use of agro-chemicals) were discussed.

3.3 مخطط التدفق (إذا كان متاحًا)

3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

حدد من الذي قرر اختيار التقنية/التقنيات التي سيتم تنفيذها:

• متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بشكل أساسي، بعد التشاور مع مستخدمي الأراضي

اشرح:

Considering the problems and interests of land users, specialists developed certain technologies. These were discussed and approved by land users.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. The original idea was developped by the researchers and valuated by local partners. After implementation, feedback from the participants led to an improvement of the approach. For an example, practitioners demanded preliminary results which then was discussed in the frame of the workshops.

4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب

هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:

نعم

حدد من تم تدريبه:

• مستخدمو الأراضي
• موظفون ميدانيون/ مستشارون

شكل التدريب:

• من مزارع إلى مزارع
• مناطق العرض
• اجتماعات عامة
• دورات

المواضيع المغطاة:

Training focused (a) on agro-chemicals: problems, awareness, treatment; (b) on water protection: awareness, treatment; (c) on intercropping: demonstration

4.2 خدمة استشارية

هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:

نعم

حدد ما إذا كانت الخدمة الاستشارية متوفرة:

• في حقول مستخدمي الأراضي

وصف/تعليقات:

the nature reserve administration organized the training and operates the demonstration field.

4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)

هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:

• لا

4.4 الرصد والتقييم

هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:

نعم

التعليقات:

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: None

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Regional stakeholder workshops were planned twice per year. However, through the stakeholder evaluation process it was learned that once a year would be better. So the approach was adjusted. There was also a shift from open discussion towards a more structured format of result presentation and discussion of management options.

4.5 البحوث

هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:

نعم

حدد المواضيع:

• علم الاجتماع
• الاقتصاد / التسويق

أعط تفاصيل إضافية وأشر إلى من قام بالبحوث:

1. Research on transdiciplinary communication and stakeholder participation.
2. Research on rubber value chain and alternatives


Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور

إذا لم تكن الميزانية السنوية الدقيقة معروفة، قم بالإشارة إلى نطاقها:

• 100,000-10,000

التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (concept and implementation, facilitation; etc (Federal Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF) ): 90.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) ( prefecture): 10.0%

5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي

هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:

كلا

5.4 الائتمان

هل تم توفير ائتمان في إطار نهج أنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

كلا

6.1 آثار النهج

6.2 المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج

هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:

• غير مؤكد

إذا كان الجواب لا أو غير متأكد، حدد ذلك وعلق عليه:

In the SURUMER project, the stakeholder dialogue is designed and facilitated by project staff. Although our local partner and local stakeholders give very positive feedback regarding this process, it is hard to say that they will continue such an approach without external support.

6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر مستخدمي الأراضي
Through wide participation, it is more likely that decisions are fair. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Take all possible stakeholders into consideration; attention needs to be paid to those groups with power, and those without.)
Various participation methods together enrich the information and provide the possibility of cross-checking. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Documentation of how the methods have been applied under which situation, for further application.)
Social learning with changing attitudes and behaviour towards participation in the long term. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continued communication and exchange.)

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
Stakeholders are widely targeted from the decision makers to the end users e.g. farmers. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Transfer the network from the project to the stakeholders themselves, build interlinks among stakeholders.)
Efficient communication via various channels, which together produce holistic and valuable knowledge about problems and possible solutions. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Choose suitable communication channels according to the specific situation and stakeholder group.)
A workshop series is a suitable structure for in-depth discussion with key regional decision-makers on focus topics. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The local partner is interested in the way that such participation processes take place, and has expressed willingness to transfer such an approach into collaboration with other partners.)

6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر مستخدم الأراضي	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
Because of social hierarchy, and the top-down decision-making system, participation is not a well-established concept, and local people are hesitant to take part in it.	Information flow increased from researchers to stakeholders, understanding and trust built through showing research results with the issues they are most concerned with, such as water quality and quantity, soil degradation, value chains and market studies. They are interested in the topic and gradually began to actively participate.
It is not possible to discuss the scientific scenarios with local stakeholders due to the insurmountable gulf between modellers’ academic jargon and everyday language.	Adjustment of scenario discussion, discuss further expectations with stakeholders instead, which could be translated into trade-offs and integrated into modelling.

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
Cost in terms of various resources: labour, time, money.	Choose the most suitable way of participation based on efficiency.
Process is slower than expected.	Clear consensus has to be reached beforehand.
Scientists’ interests are much more in research than in interactive activities.	Internal discussion is needed, it deepens understanding about the whole project.

7.1 طرق جمع/مصادر المعلومات

7.2 المراجع للمنشورات المتاحة

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

Aenis, Thomas and Wang Jue (2016): From information giving to mutual scenario definition: Stakeholder participation towards Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China.

متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:

Aenis, Thomas, Andrea Knierim, Maja-Catrin Riecher, Rebecka Ridder, Heike Schobert, Holger Fischer (eds.) (2016a): Farming Systems Facing Global Challenges: Capacities and Strategies. Volume 1 – Proceeding. Online: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100236919

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

Wang Jue, Thomas Aenis and Susanne Hofmann-Souki (2016): Triangulation in participation: Approaches for science-practice interaction in land-use decision making in rural China

متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:

Submitted to Land Use Policy

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

Aenis, Thomas, Susanne Hofmann-Souki, Uwe Jens Nagel, Tang Lixia & Wang Jue (Eds.) with contributions by Sandra I. Cruz Moreno, Joseph Cutler, Mark Larson, Georg Liebig, James Longanecker, Cornelia Kinkel, Laura Kübke, Friederike Martin, Kirstin Ohlendorf, Rebecka Ridder, Karina Rodriguez Jardines, and Sim Lay Mei (2014): Rubber cultivation and livelihood - a stakeholder analysis in Xishuangbanna

متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Online: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100216241

7.3 روابط للمعلومات ذات الصلة المتوفرة على الإنترنت

العنوان/الوصف:

Hofmann-Souki, Susanne, Napoleón Molina, Wolfgang Bokelmann and Robert Cárcamo Mallen (2016): Participatory assessment of value chains for diversifying small-scale farms – developing a tool for practitioner-led analysis and innovation

عنوان الرابط URL:

http://www.harper-adams.ac.uk/events/ifsa-conference/papers/5/5.5%20Hoffman.pdf