1.2 تفاصيل الاتصال بالأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات والمؤسسات المعنية بتقييم وتوثيق النهج

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (DEZA / COSUDE / DDC / SDC) - سويسرا

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Centro de Estudios y Promoción del Desarrollo (DESCO) - بيرو

1.3 الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT

يوافق جامع المعلومات والشخص (لاشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات على الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT:

نعم

1.4 المراجع الخاصة باستبيان(استبيانات) تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

2.1 وصف موجز للنهج

Promoting the rehabilitation of ancient terrace systems based on a systematic watershed management approach.

2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج

وصف تفصيلي للنهج:

Aims / objectives: The Center for Studies and Promotion of Development - DESCO, a Peruvian NGO, started the Terrace Rehabilitation Project in 1993 to re-establish ancient terracing and irrigation practices that had largely been lost. The project is part of a general integrated development programme. Its overall purpose is to restore the productive capacity of terraced cropland, and to generate better living standards in the Colca valley. The project has the following specific objectives: (1) to increase the productive infrastructure through soil conservation and better use and management of existing water resources; (2) to increase levels of production; (3) to stimulate people in soil conservation and land management; and (4) to encourage/promote relevant local institutions. For implementation, a systematic watershed management approach was introduced. The catchment was considered the basic unit for development planning. Physical and socio-economic baseline studies were carried out. A strong community-based organisation, the catchment committee, was then founded. This consisted of representatives of major local grassroots organisations (irrigation committee, farmers' community, mothers' club etc). Responsibilities, commitments and rules were defined. Committee meetings and land user assemblies were the entities for planning, organisation and execution of project activities. DESCO initiated a process of 'concerted planning' in collaboration with other private and public institutions in Caylloma province.

Methods: In summary the project stages comprised: (1) project planning; (2) baseline studies; (3) catchment management plan; (4) constitution of the executive committee; (5) concerted planning of district development; and (6) organisation, execution, technical assistance and follow-up activities. Land users were required to participate in training courses and in fieldwork, to provide local materials and their own tools, and to fulfil duties within the organisations. Leaders and directors of grassroots organisations were responsible for planning and organisation of activities - implementation, training and follow-up - and for control and administration of project materials and inputs. The directors were also elected as representatives in the District Development Councils to participate in the evaluation and monitoring activities of the project.

2.3 صور عن النهج

2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها

2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج

2.7 نوع النهج

• قائم على مشروع/برنامج

2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج

- to achieve higher levels of agricultural production and productivity through integrated development/management of soil and water resources. - to build capacity for planning, organisation and implementation of development activities

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - lack of employment opportunities/depopulation of rural areas. - lack of planning and action in 'concerted development' - little value associated with terrace rehabilitation. - low and unequal participation of women in field work. - general impoverishment of land users

2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج

3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم

3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج

	انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية	حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة
المبادرة/التحفيز	تفاعلي	interviews/questionnaires, workshops/seminars, public meetings
التخطيط	التعبئة الذاتية	workshops/seminars; assemblies for decision making, workshops for local concerted planning
التنفيذ	تفاعلي	casual labour, responsibility for minor steps; casual labour, responsibility for minor steps (land users in general); responsibility for major steps (leaders)
الرصد/التقييم	تفاعلي	workshop/seminars, reporting, measurements/observations, interviews/questionnaires, public meetings; workshops, measurements/observations (directors of baseline organisations/leaders), reports (directors), interviews (directors/teachers), public meetings (land users)
Research	غير موجود	none

3.3 مخطط التدفق (إذا كان متاحًا)

3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

حدد من الذي قرر اختيار التقنية/التقنيات التي سيتم تنفيذها:

• متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بشكل أساسي، بعد التشاور مع مستخدمي الأراضي

اشرح:

the terraces were in an advanced stage of collapse and the local population did not have the means to reverse the process due to lack of economic resources.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. the technology is indigenous and adapted to the area. Evaluation workshops of, and activities permitting discussions on, the technology were carried out.

4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب

هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:

نعم

شكل التدريب:

• اجتماعات عامة

شكل التدريب:

• exchange of experiences

المواضيع المغطاة:

A training plan at three levels was drawn up, addressing the following target groups and topics: (1) Selected land users, leaders, supervisors: in-depth training on the interrelations between water, soil and plants; terrace and canal construction; institution/enterprise management; natural resource management, conservation practices, and crop production. (2) Directors of grassroots organisations

4.2 خدمة استشارية

هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:

نعم

وصف/تعليقات:

Key elements: technical assistance and sustained follow-up, supervision by specialised engineers, evaluation (reflection) and systematisation of gained know-how and developed practices with different stakeholders, function; testing of rehabilitated structures; Capacity for extension continuation has been built up within the catchment committee. However PRONAMACHS, a governmental SWC programme, is limited

4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)

هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:

• نعم، إلى حد كبير

حدد المستوى (المستويات) التي تم فيها تعزيز أو إنشاء المؤسسات:

• محلي

حدد نوع الدعم:

• مالي
• بناء القدرات/التدريب

4.4 الرصد والتقييم

هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:

نعم

التعليقات:

technical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: improved structures, results of technology tests

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: land users changing attitudes of SWC

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: crop production increase

area treated aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: rehabilitated area

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: number of households that benefited directly

management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: number of catchments rehabilitated with terraces and agroforestry

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: There were various changes/readjustments of the approach: eg the concerted planning through the Local Development Councils was incorporated 5 years after the initiation of the project.

4.5 البحوث

هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:

نعم

حدد المواضيع:

• الاقتصاد / التسويق
• تكنولوجيا

أعط تفاصيل إضافية وأشر إلى من قام بالبحوث:

Technology: research has been ongoing regarding functioning of the terrace and irrigation systems. Economy/commercialisation: research regarding agronomic production, catchment appraisals and market studies have been carried out for the main products of the area.

5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور

التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government (International NGO): 60.0%; government (national): 20.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 20.0%

5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي

هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:

نعم

5.3 إعانات لمدخلات محددة (بما في ذلك العمالة)

• معدات

• زراعة

إذا كان العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي مدخلاً جوهريًا، فهل كان:

• مدفوع نقدا

التعليقات:

60% of the labour costs were met by the project.

5.4 الائتمان

هل تم توفير ائتمان في إطار نهج أنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

نعم

حدد الشروط (معدل الفائدة، فترة السداد، الخ.):

repayment conditions: Credit was provided by FONDESURCO to land users who participated in the rehabilitation project (for seed supply) with a lower interest rate than on the market. FONDESURCO is an NGO (of which DESCO is a member) specialised in microfinances in the rural sector..

5.5 حوافز أو وسائل أخرى

هل تم استخدام حوافز أو أدوات أخرى لتشجيع تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

نعم

إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، حدد:

Support was provided to existing institutions (in the form of training, organisation and financial inputs). But with the formation of a catchment committee, an important grassroots organisation was built up.

6.1 آثار النهج

6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج

هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:

• نعم

إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، صف كيف:

Land users can continue the activities without external support, using traditional systems of mutual help and new forms of local organisation (catchment committee). With increased income through integration of cash crops the maintenance of the structures can be sustained.

6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
Complementary conservation practices have been integrated into the terraces system: agroforestry, improved fallow, etc (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Training of land users in the advantages and disadvantages of these practices.)
nstitutional capacity building: strengthening of organisations; increased participation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue the training of leaders.)
SWC training and extension activities. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Create spaces and mechanisms for daily practice of important cultural rituals/customs.)
80% of land users have changed attitudes towards SWC, and are convinced of the benefits of terrace rehabilitation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: SWC training and extension activities.)
Human capacity building: 60 specialists trained in rehabilitation technology (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Create opportunities to ensure continuation of their work.)
An effective systematic watershed management approach applied at catchment level (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Other projects/institutions should apply this approach.)
Soil conservation activities integrated in the plans of 'concerted development' (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Strengthening of the Local Development Councils (CODDIS).)

6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
Labour overload in the family	Better planning of work at the household level.
The approach requires the participation of all social and political stakeholders - which is practically impossible	Strengthen the Local Development Councils (CODDIS).
The generation of income encourages the purchase of industrialised products	More training regarding consumption of local products.
The economic incentives provided by the project affected the existing reciprocal relationships (eg labour exchange)	Cash for work incentives are sometimes useful to overcome labour constraints due to depopulation.
Small holdings and land fragmentation are constraints for cost-effective agriculture	Accelerate the process of land consolidation and entitlement.
Changes in leadership interrupt planned processes (of activities)	Permanent training to encourage leadership qualities.
Lack of a crop and irrigation plan for better water management	Elaboration and application of a plan.

7.1 طرق جمع/مصادر المعلومات