1.2 تفاصيل الاتصال بالأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات والمؤسسات المعنية بتقييم وتوثيق النهج

اسم المشروع الذي سهّل توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Book project: where the land is greener - Case Studies and Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation Initiatives Worldwide (where the land is greener)

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Morocco (INRA-Morocco) - المغرب

1.3 الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT

يوافق جامع المعلومات والشخص (لاشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات على الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT:

نعم

1.4 المراجع الخاصة باستبيان(استبيانات) تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

2.1 وصف موجز للنهج

Innovative, cross-disciplinary community-based approach for development and transfer of no-till technology at the farm level.

2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج

وصف تفصيلي للنهج:

Aims / objectives: After 15 years of on-station research at the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), testing and evaluation of no-till technology (NTT) at farm level started in 1997 with three pilot farmers. Recently two new projects were established to promote the introduction and adoption of NTT, in collaboration with the regional council and extension service of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA). Fourteen pilot farmers are now involved in NTT. The overall purpose is to promote no-till technology to restore soils, improve production, mitigate drought, increase wealth and strengthen farmers??? organisations. NTT has been shown to be socially, economically and ecologically adapted to the local conditions. The approach has three stages: (1) Initiation: this includes basic research, strategic research and applied research; (2) Consolidation: planning is followed by detailed evaluation of technology adoption on farmers' fields; (3) Maturity: this involves the acceptance/spread of NTT with an increased number of farmers in the future.

Methods: INRA carries out research, information dissemination, gives training to technicians and farmers, and provides both technical assistance and monitoring. The regional council was convinced by the technology and now financially supports research activities, drill manufacture and extension of NTT. It also facilitates contacts with decision makers and farmers, and carries out evaluations. MoA development and extension services provide financial support, advice, technical assistance, and logistical support to farmers: they help to make the drills available. NGOs are engaged in the development of local/regional networks and farmers associations, as well as in funding and providing incentives. Farmers themselves are involved in the implementation, evaluation and dissemination of NTT. Participation, cross-discipline and bottom-up planning are key elements of the approach. Methods for implementation include long-term community on-farm trials, on-site training and information exchange, participation of stakeholders, information dissemination tools, and multi-directional knowledge flow. These are supplemented by intensive measurement/monitoring schemes, establishment of local/regional networks and farmers' association creation. On-the-job training is also provided.

2.3 صور عن النهج

2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها

2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج

2.7 نوع النهج

• قائم على مشروع/برنامج

2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities

- spread the no-till technology: thereby enhancing soil productivity and reducing susceptibility to land degradation. - develop the production of no-till drill machinery. - generally: to ameliorate the living conditions of rural people through enhancing expertise, capacities and knowledge of farmers in managing their soils and crops

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - previous absence of an integrated research and extension programme. - lack of technical options in a harsh and risky environment. - underlying problems of land degradation and drought periods

2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج

3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم

3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج

	انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية	حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة
المبادرة/التحفيز	سلبي	Mainly:public meetings; partly: workshops/seminars; open days
التخطيط	الدعم الخارجي	Mainly: workshops/seminars; partly: public meetings
التنفيذ	الدعم الخارجي	Mainly: responsibility for minor steps; partly: casual labour
الرصد/التقييم	الدعم الخارجي	Mainly: interviews/questionnaires; partly: measurements/observations; field observations
Research	تفاعلي	on-farm; demonstration plots

3.3 مخطط التدفق (إذا كان متاحًا)

3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

حدد من الذي قرر اختيار التقنية/التقنيات التي سيتم تنفيذها:

• متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بشكل أساسي، بعد التشاور مع مستخدمي الأراضي

اشرح:

Recognition of no-tillage as a pertinent technology by decision-makers at local, regional or national level (specialists and politicians / leaders) is due to important station results as well as to international call for promoting this technology

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. No-tillage technology was under research and on farm trials (3 farmers) and showed very marked benefits, particularly during droughty years

4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب

هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:

نعم

حدد من تم تدريبه:

• مستخدمو الأراضي

• extensionists/trainers, politicians/decision makers, planners

شكل التدريب:

• في العمل
• مناطق العرض
• اجتماعات عامة

المواضيع المغطاة:

no-tillage system, weed control, machinery, cropping systems, crop variety

4.2 خدمة استشارية

هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:

نعم

حدد ما إذا كانت الخدمة الاستشارية متوفرة:

• في حقول مستخدمي الأراضي

وصف/تعليقات:

Key elements: Participation of extension agents and farmers / observations (on the crop, weeds, disease, seeding condition, yield components), On-job training / open days (field days to make farmers and extension discuss questions / remarks regarding no till technology, Monitoring/Participatory; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system 2) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: demonstration, field days, traveling workshops

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Extension Agents need training

4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)

هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:

• نعم، باعتدال

حدد المستوى (المستويات) التي تم فيها تعزيز أو إنشاء المؤسسات:

• محلي

حدد نوع الدعم:

• مالي
• بناء القدرات/التدريب

4.4 الرصد والتقييم

هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:

نعم

التعليقات:

Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements
Technical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements
Socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations
Economic / production aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements;
Area treated aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations
No. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements
Management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations;
There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The evaluation is still in process: thus too early to state what changes are likely.

4.5 البحوث

هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:

نعم

حدد المواضيع:

• علم الاجتماع
• تكنولوجيا

• agronomy

أعط تفاصيل إضافية وأشر إلى من قام بالبحوث:

crop performance, soil analysis, no-till drill design and evaluation, socio-economic indexes of NTT.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور

إذا لم تكن الميزانية السنوية الدقيقة معروفة، قم بالإشارة إلى نطاقها:

• 1,000000-100،000

التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national - INRA/Ministry): 80.0%; local community / land user(s) (Regional Council): 20.0%

5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي

هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:

نعم

5.3 إعانات لمدخلات محددة (بما في ذلك العمالة)

• معدات

• زراعة

إذا كان العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي مدخلاً جوهريًا، فهل كان:

• تطوعي

5.4 الائتمان

هل تم توفير ائتمان في إطار نهج أنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

نعم

حدد الشروط (معدل الفائدة، فترة السداد، الخ.):

repayment conditions: To promote the acceptance of the technology, farmers receive a 50% subsidy on the purchase price of the no-till drill (as is the general case for all types of drills)..

6.1 آثار النهج

6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج

هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:

• نعم

إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، صف كيف:

Progress can continue to be made, assuming that training, subsidised drills, and the creation of farmers' organisations all persist.

6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر مستخدمي الأراضي
Adaptability to farmers needs/constraints (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Include integration of livestock and crops. This should be helpful to pursue in the approach)
Farmer's decisions, opinions, critics (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Bottom-up maintained (gradually))
Incentives make it possible for land users to experiment with a new cultivation system (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Diversification of incentives: eg reduction in seed prices and herbicides for NTT farmers; award - NTT best producers; reduction in interest rates for NTT farmers (for credits or loans); special NTT training courses.)

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
The NTT project has integrated several institutions -which is unique in Morocco. Now research, extension, community and farmers are working together towards the same objective (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Further develop, refine and spread NTT)
NGOs development: the association of NTT farmers and environmental clubs are important for spreading NTT and for re-enforcing the importance of NTT amongst government officers and decision makers (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: special NGOs should be encouraged to respect soils, nature, environment)
Cross-discipline: involving land users, research and extension agents has helped in building up an approach suitable for the local conditions. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The working teams received also incentives and recognictions)
research connected to extension (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: research should be developed to get continuous measurements/information and to search new indexes and means)
Progressive implementation of a 'bottom-up' approach; integration of farmers' decisions, opinions and criticisms (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Farmers and their association are involved gradually in the approach and their critics, comments, feedbacks respected)

6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر مستخدم الأراضي	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
Information availability: up to now information and communication on NTT is scarce	intensify training of trainees
In some situations (farmers with very low incomes), the need for external inputs such as herbicides, seeds, fertilizers and drills may retard implementation of NTT	Incentives should be maintained for a short period and supplemented by credit systems.

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
Direct incentives: there is always a risk that when eliminating these incentives, farmers will abandon NTT	Eliminate incentives gradually and replace with loans and credits.
The programme's duration is currently too short to overcome resistance (to new technology adoption) and to address economic constraints of farmers	A long term programme is needed to increase acceptance among farmers.

7.1 طرق جمع/مصادر المعلومات

7.2 المراجع للمنشورات المتاحة

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

Wall et al, 2002, Institutional aspects of conservation agriculture, International workshop on conservation agriculture for sustainable wheat production, 14-18, october 2002, Tastikent, Usbekistan

متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:

p.wall@cgiar.org

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

Segry, L.; Bouzinac, S and Pieri, C. 1991: An Approach to the development of sustainable farming systems. World echnical papaer N-2, ISBRAM proceedings 1991