Sustainable livestock and pasture management [طاجيكستان]
- تاريخ الإنشاء:
- تحديث:
- جامع المعلومات: Kamolidin Abdulloev
- المحرر: –
- المراجعون: Farrukh Nazarmavloev, William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer
Pasture Users Unions
approaches_3713 - طاجيكستان
عرض الأقسام
توسيع الكل طي الكل1. معلومات عامة
1.2 تفاصيل الاتصال بالأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات والمؤسسات المعنية بتقييم وتوثيق النهج
اسم المشروع الذي سهّل توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)
Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihood Projectاسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)
Committee for Environment Protection of Tajikistan (Committee for Environment Protection of Tajikistan) - طاجيكستان1.3 الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT
متى تم تجميع البيانات (ميدانيا)؟:
02/04/2018
يوافق جامع المعلومات والشخص (لاشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات على الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT:
نعم
1.4 المراجع الخاصة باستبيان(استبيانات) تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
Meadows and pastures [هنغاريا]
Permanent meadows or pastures are more effective in controlling land degradation than arable cropping. They are especially appropriate in hilly regions on sloping land where the risk of water erosion is high.
- جامع المعلومات: Brigitta Szabó
2. وصف نهج الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
2.1 وصف موجز للنهج
Sustainable livestock and pasture management is implemented through creating Pasture Users Unions (PUU) which design and implement pasture and livestock management plans.
2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج
وصف تفصيلي للنهج:
The Government of Tajikistan is implementing a project, funded by the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), with the objective of enabling rural people to build up their productive assets in ways that sustainably improve natural resource management, and build resilience to climate change in selected climate-vulnerable sites. Livestock are an integral part of the agriculture sector, although there has been a shift to more extensive livestock grazing from the intensive livestock farming system practiced before independence. Today, more than 90% of livestock are held in household farms, indicating the importance of livestock to rural livelihoods, and the system is based primarily on grazing, supplemented by limited cultivated fodder crops and minimal use of concentrates.
Pastures comprise about 35% of Tajikistan’s total land area and 80% of its agricultural land - however substantial degradation is taking place. Pasture degradation may be exacerbated by climate change, which is likely to increase variability in water availability and temperature, and may result in local droughts and floods. Properly managed pasture helps control water flows in ways which contribute to mitigating floods and droughts, maintaining soil conservation and fertility, and providing habitats for wild plants and animals. The aim of the activity is to introduce sustainable community-managed pasture/fodder-based livestock production systems in villages in the Faizobod district of jamoat Dustmurod Aliev, situated in the mid-hills of Tajikistan. Approximate membership of the Pasture Users Unions (PUU) is between 50 and 200 households per village depending on size, with between 6 and 10 villages per jamoat. Comprehensive pasture and fodder assessments and evaluation of the feed/fodder balances are carried out, followed by the development of Pasture and Livestock Management Plans (PLMP) for various interventions including; improvement of pasture productivity through rotational grazing, protecting areas for regeneration, pasture rehabilitation, improving access to remote pastures, and supplementary fodder production; animal health requirements and breed improvement measures; infrastructure to access and use remote pastures, such as spot road improvements, and stock watering points. By virtue of the fact that users will welcome this approach in their jamoats, they will be able to manage the broad issues of pasture degradation, animal health and fodder production. Above all it will help farmers to control the balance between livestock and fodder.
2.3 صور عن النهج
معرض الوسائط
ملاحظات عامة بخصوص الصور:
Photos shows how the Pasture User Union maintains infrastructure in the pastures, giving them the opportunity to collect enough fodder for the winter time and keeping access open to the most distant pasture lands
2.4 فيديوهات عن النهج
2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها
البلد:
طاجيكستان
المنطقة/الولاية/المحافظة:
Faizobod district
مزيد من التفاصيل حول الموقع:
Jamoat Dustmurod Aliev
Map
×2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج
أشر إلى سنة البدء:
2017
في حالة عدم معرفة السنة بالتحديد، يرجى الإشارة إلى التاريخ التقريبي لبدء النهج:
منذ أقل من 10 سنوات (مؤخرًا)
التعليقات:
The project created 8 PUUs (4 in 2015 and 4 in 2016), and facilitated them to prepare Pasture and Livestock Management Plans. Institutions finished the project financed activities but they still continue their work
2.7 نوع النهج
- قائم على مشروع/برنامج
2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج
To help mitigate the effects of climate change on the rural population and slow pasture degradation processes through introducing and demonstrating sustainable pasture/fodder-based livestock production systems;
To support the development of a Pasture and Livestock Management Plan (PLMP) for Pasture User Unions (PUU), in a participatory, inclusive and gender sensitive way: to
- Serve as tool to organize the management of community managed pastures in such a way that it will
increase pasture yields in quantity and quality, without causing land degradation & erosion;
- Serve as a tool to improve livestock management, and;
- Bring the number of livestock in balance with the available fodder;
- Increase animal off-take through better yielding pastures, adoption of improved
feeding practices & improved animal management and through better animal health;
- Increase the income of the rural population from livestock keeping, and;
- Reduce downstream flood risk in mountain areas, due to improved land management.
2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج
المعايير والقيم الاجتماعية /الثقافية/ الدينية
- تمكين/تمكيني
The land users are livestock keepers thus all the approaches are welcome as it will directly affect them
- معيق
Pasture User Unions do not have their own certificated lands under their control
توفر/الوصول إلى الموارد والخدمات المالية
- تمكين/تمكيني
As the Pasture Users Unions are equipped with the agriculture tractors and excavators, they process the lands and rehabilitate pasture roads and also bank stabilization works and from all of these activities earn money. The other sources is their membership fees that collect every month from the members.
الإطار المؤسساتي
- تمكين/تمكيني
A Pasture Law was passed on 19 March 2013 (Law No 951) that will enable the formation of Pasture User Unions for the joint use and management of pasture resources.
التعاون/التنسيق بين الجهات الفاعلة
- تمكين/تمكيني
The Pasture User Unions collaborate with the local district hukumat and all its departments, non-governmental and donor organisations in the process of implementation of Pasture and Livestock Management Plans. PUU also have very good cooperation with the land users and livestock keepers.
الإطار القانوني (حيازة الأراضي، وحقوق استخدام الأراضي والمياه)
- تمكين/تمكيني
Pasture User Union of "Sorkho" is established in Faizobod district, registered at jamoat level, and has their charter, stamp and other office equipment and an office.
السياسات
- تمكين/تمكيني
Pasture laws are passed that supports pasture managament activities.
حوكمة الأراضي (صنع القرار والتنفيذ والإنفاذ)
- معيق
The main issue that is PUUs haven't ownership of the pasture land.
المعرفة حول الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي، والوصول إلى الدعم الفني
- تمكين/تمكيني
The project also includes training and technical support of the PUUs on budgeting, SLM approaches, and administration
الأسواق (لشراء المدخلات وبيع المنتجات) والأسعار
- تمكين/تمكيني
Materials are broadly available at an affordable price
عبء العمل، توفر القوى العاملة
- تمكين/تمكيني
Local people understand the importance of the activity and are ready to contribute cash and power for its implementation.
3. المشاركة وأدوار الأطراف المعنية
3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم
- المنظمات المجتمعية
The head of each PUU has been involved in the process of preparation
The Pasture User Union of "Sorkho" that was established by the project ELMARL. Support with the photos and information
- متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي / مستشارون زراعيون
- منظمة غير حكومية
Mountain Societies Development Support Programme (MSDSP)
They was partner organisation that did facilitation during the establishment and implementing Pasture User Unions plans
3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج
| انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية | حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة | |
|---|---|---|
| المبادرة/التحفيز | تفاعلي | Awareness raising and introductory meetings, training, seminars and other with the local livestock keepers |
| التخطيط | تفاعلي | Local land users participated in the process of the preparation of plan (PLMP) |
| التنفيذ | التعبئة الذاتية | Local land users and livestock keepers contributing in cash or as labor during the implementation of their plan |
| الرصد/التقييم | التعبئة الذاتية | Assessments, field observations, monitoring and controlling of the process of implementation |
| التعبئة الذاتية | Fully involved during the operation and maintenance of the pasture infrastructures, and research |
3.3 مخطط التدفق (إذا كان متاحًا)
الوصف:
Structure of the Pasture User Union
المؤلف:
Project and PUU
3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
حدد من الذي قرر اختيار التقنية/التقنيات التي سيتم تنفيذها:
- متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بشكل أساسي، بعد التشاور مع مستخدمي الأراضي
اشرح:
The approach has been developed, tested and adapted by the consultants and specialists of the project with the involvement of pasture users according to the Pasture Law that was passed on 19 March 2013 (Law No 951)
حدد على أي أساس تم اتخاذ القرارات:
- تقييم المعرفة الموثقة جيدًا بشأن الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي(اتخاذ القرارات القائمة على الأدلة)
- نتائج البحوث
4. الدعم الفني وبناء القدرات وإدارة المعرفة
4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب
هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:
نعم
حدد من تم تدريبه:
- مستخدمو الأراضي
- موظفون ميدانيون/ مستشارون
شكل التدريب:
- في العمل
- من مزارع إلى مزارع
- مناطق العرض
المواضيع المغطاة:
ToT on environmental management of pasture lands, accounting, planning
4.2 خدمة استشارية
هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:
كلا
4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)
هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
حدد المستوى (المستويات) التي تم فيها تعزيز أو إنشاء المؤسسات:
- محلي
صف المؤسسة والأدوار والمسؤوليات والأعضاء وما إلى ذلك.
Pasture Users Unions
Local hukumat departments:
Ministry of Agriculture, Committee for Environmental Protection and Committee of Women Affairs
حدد نوع الدعم:
- بناء القدرات/التدريب
- معدات
اعط مزيدا من التفاصيل:
The representatives of mentioned departments participated in the trainings, conferences and meetings during project implementation and helps participants with the recommendations and guides
4.4 الرصد والتقييم
هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:
نعم
التعليقات:
The main tasks of monitoring relative to the livestock and pasture improvement activities; (a) Activities required to improve livestock
management (animal health, housing, feeding, breeding), (b) activities required to improve pasture
production (rotational grazing, protecting pastures, pasture rehabilitation through spot planting with
legumes, improving access to remote pastures, supplementary fodder production, set stocking
rates), (c) investment needs1 & sources of funding, (d)an implementation plan showing
responsibilities/targets/indicators
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، فهل من المقصود استخدام هذه الوثائق للمراقبة والتقييم؟:
نعم
التعليقات:
As the approach supports project and land users to define
(a) measures to improve pasture productivity and sustainability, such as rotational grazing, protecting areas for regeneration, pasture rehabilitation, improving access to remote pastures, and needs for supplementary fodder production;
(b) grazing utilization levels;
(c) animal health requirements and breed improvement measures;
(d) investment needs; and (e) implementation responsibilities, targets and indicators in their plans
4.5 البحوث
هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:
كلا
5. التمويل والدعم المادي الخارجي
5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور
أشر إلى ميزانية النهج السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بالدولار الأمريكي:
100000,00
التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):
The project funded by the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) with the objective of enabling rural people to build their productive assets in ways that sustainably improve natural resource management and build resilience to climate change in selected climate vulnerable sites
5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي
هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:
نعم
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، حدد نوع (أنواع) الدعم والشروط والمزودين:
The grant amount would average US$ 100,000 for each of the 8 PUUs with the specific amount depending on pasture area and existing number of livestock units (to be finalized during implementation)
5.3 إعانات لمدخلات محددة (بما في ذلك العمالة)
- عمالة
| إلى أي مدى | حدد الإعانات |
|---|---|
| Beneficiaries would contribute at least an additional 25% match of the grant amount (partly in cash and/or in kind as labour or equipment costs). |
إذا كان العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي مدخلاً جوهريًا، فهل كان:
- تطوعي
التعليقات:
Investments could include: a) infrastructure to access and use remote pastures, such as spot road improvements, stock watering points, shelters and stock-pens, and milk cooling equipment; b) machinery to produce and harvest fodder; c) costs of rehabilitation measures for degraded areas such as fencing, weed and shrub control, and re-seeding; d) inputs for supplementary fodder production such as seeds; e) vaccinations and parasite control; and f) artificial insemination. Funds could also be used for additional training above that provided by the contracted NGO and for provision of office equipment and furnishings for PUUs.
5.4 الائتمان
هل تم توفير ائتمان في إطار نهج أنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
كلا
5.5 حوافز أو وسائل أخرى
هل تم استخدام حوافز أو أدوات أخرى لتشجيع تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
نعم
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، حدد:
The Pasture User Unions have equipped with the high volume machines to improve the pasture roads and riverbanks
6. تحليل الأثر والتصريحات الختامية
6.1 آثار النهج
هل ساهم النهج في تمكين مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين وتحسين مشاركة الأطراف المعنية؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The ELMARL project used this approach in 4 pilot districts and established 8 PUUs that improve and rehabilitated 12600 hectares of pasture lands. Results showed that PUUs have made significant progress in implementing their activities. As a result of the use of machinery, more than 120 km of roads for livestock and hazardous areas were repaired and rehabilitated, and conditions of pastures improved over an area of 6,750 hectares. As a result of construction of watering points for livestock, PUUs were given the opportunity to graze livestock in summer pastures for more than one month and conditions for 1050 hectares of pastures were improved. As a result of the use of bridges for livestock, the PUU members obtained an access to 470 hectares of pastureland, construction of kashars provided the opportunity for pasture users to use 3900 ha of pasture lands, 1.86 ha of area was rehabilitated by establishing demonstration plots, the area of 75 hectares of land was processed and improved through the use of small agricultural tractors, 250 hectares of pastureland have been improved through sowing grasses as fodder, 100 hectares of pasture lands have been improved through the installation of irrigation pump.
هل ساعد النهج مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ وصيانة تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Of course, establishing PUUs and designing Pasture and Livestock Management Plans that directly adopted to the SLM will help land users to manage their lands. Some of examples from the PUUs activities contribute to the SLM; construction of 'kashars' (Animal and herder shelters) Implementing these activities has made great profit to PUUs. Cattle breeders were able to extend period for cattle grazing in summer pastures and reduce the burden of livestock in pastures around the village; Improvement of cattle breeding leads to increased productivity and reduce degradation; Improvement of the roads condition – situation of roads for livestock is being improved due to the fact that PUUs in Faizobod district have purchased technique, which guarantees the safe keeping of livestock and also lands that are around the road; sowing perennial grasses was the only activity, which occupied 250 hectares of pasturelands for fodder, and not all PUUs pay attention to these problems. The activity can provide livestock with fodder and prevent lands from erosion as well.
هل نجح النهج في تحسين التنسيق والتنفيذ الفعال من حيث التكلفة لأنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Using of machinery is the one of activities that was supported by PUUs to rehabilitate roads for livestock and hazardous areas. If PUUs rent this machinery it will be too expensive and organisations does not have such kind opportunity, but machinery helps them to repair their lands in regularly base.
هل نجح النهج في تعبئة/تحسين الوصول إلى الموارد المالية لتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The PUUs equiped with the needed machinery and office where they could organise meetings, so they can construct, rehabilitate and generally support their members(livestock keepers, land users). Presently the PUUs in a very good relationship with their members and collect membership fees regularly, also they have another source of money from the mashinary services. PUU regularly maitaining systems.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين معرفة وقدرات الأطراف المعنية الأخرى؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The PUUs are the member of the GIZ 'Pasture Management Networking Platform' and participated in the meetings regularly. The main task of the meetings is to exchange information and experience on SLM and pasture management projects among various implementing partners.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين المساواة بين الجنسين وتمكين النساء والفتيات؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
PUUs appraised for gender and their inclusion of women and the poor, and possible actions identified to address inequities. Where inequitable arrangements are found that exclude or marginalize vulnerable groups, opportunities will be sought where possible to address these inequities, e.g., targeting a proportion of certain types of production investments to groups of vulnerable households (wool processing, poultry development). Gender and social issues to be addressed during capacity building will mainly relate to an identified need to increase awareness and strengthen capacity of peer-to-peer learning and community mobilization, particularly focusing on increasing the level of participation of nondirect beneficiaries and members of marginalized groups.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسن في مسائل حيازة الأراضي / حقوق المستخدمين التي أعاقت تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The regulation of land allocation, lease and management is under the jurisdiction of the local level authorities together with the district representation of the Land Committee, but also needs to be approved by the provincial and central authorities. Most PUUs quoted that provision of land certificates for Dekhkan Farms on pastureland and PUUs have made attempts to acquire land use right on pastureland and some became successful.
6.2 المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
- الحد من تدهور الأراضي
Pasture degradation, due in part to overgrazing and poor stocking practices, is an
important threat and all above mentioned activities contributed to the land degradation
- الحد من مخاطر الكوارث
Regular road and bridge rehabilitation via machinery and controlling grazing pasturelands contribute to the reduction of disasters
- الوعي البيئي
The environmental impact of the approach is largely positive with its planned activities
- تعزيز المعرفة والمهارات في مجال الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
The PUUs are members of the GIZ 'Pasture Management Networking Platform' and participated in the meetings regularly. The main task of the meetings is to exchange information and experience on SLM and pasture management projects among various implementing partners.
6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج
هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:
- نعم
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، صف كيف:
The approach is a sustainable mechanism itself as it has almost all needed resources and capacity to continue their activity. As an example PUU has found a new sources of income today one of the PUUs, “Sorkho” participated in the district competition to implement the program “Prevention of Land Refinement by using biosynthic methods” conducted by the MSDSP Aga Khan Foundation in Surkhdara area of D. Aliev jamoat in Fayzobod district and succeeded in that so in further that will be a lesson to be learnt by other PUUs. The PUU has now established cooperation with this organization on the basis of mutual agreement and is trying to improve the state of pastures at the jamoat level, and nowadays its work is already in progress.
6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج
| نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر مستخدمي الأراضي |
|---|
|
Office and all needed equipments for the operation of PUU Membership fees |
|
Machinery for land and infrastructure Income from the machinery |
| نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات |
|---|
|
Confidence between the PUU and its members Availability of Pasture and Livestock Management Strategy (includes planned activities for the 3 to 5 years) Availability of needed pasture and livestock Infrastructure; veterinary infrastructure, machinery to improve pasture roads and bridges, livestock watering points. |
| Needed knowledge and capacity to improve pasture production (rotational grazing, protecting pastures, pasture rehabilitation through spot planting with legumes, improving access to remote pastures, supplementary fodder production, set stocking rates |
|
Mechanism of controling to improve livestock management (animal health, housing, feeding, breeding) Livestock and pasture management; feeding practices, housing, breeding, disease control,marketing of products, usage of the different type of pastures |
6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها
| نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر مستخدم الأراضي | كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟ |
|---|---|
| Sufficient source of funding |
| نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات | كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟ |
|---|---|
| As it is new the approach needs more support and collaboration on behalf of other government and nongovernment organisation |
Government needs to support them to be more capable Non governmental organisation need to design project to train them |
| PUUs does not have their own certificated lands in their balance |
7. المراجع والروابط
7.1 طرق جمع/مصادر المعلومات
- زيارات ميدانية، مسوحات ميدانية
15
- مقابلات مع مستخدمي الأراضي
20
- التجميع من التقارير والوثائق الأخرى الموجودة
7.2 المراجع للمنشورات المتاحة
العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:
ELMARL Project
متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:
Faizobod district, PUU "Sorkho"
7.3 روابط للمعلومات ذات الصلة المتوفرة على الإنترنت
العنوان/الوصف:
ELMARL Annual Report 2017
الروابط والوحدات المواضيعية
توسيع الكل طي الكلالروابط
Meadows and pastures [هنغاريا]
Permanent meadows or pastures are more effective in controlling land degradation than arable cropping. They are especially appropriate in hilly regions on sloping land where the risk of water erosion is high.
- جامع المعلومات: Brigitta Szabó
الوحدات المواضيعية
لا يوجد وحدات مواضيعية