المناهج

Mugie Resource Sharing and Livestock to Markets Program [كينيا]

تاريخ الإنشاء: 03/02/2018 8:29 ص
تحديث: 11/02/2021 12:17 م
جامع المعلومات: Peter Tyrrell
المحرر: Henry Bailey
المراجعون: Hanspeter Liniger, Rima Mekdaschi Studer, Donia Mühlematter, Joana Eichenberger

Mugie Trading Stock (MTS)

approaches_3427 - كينيا

عرض الأقسام

توسيع الكل

الإكتمال: 86%

1. معلومات عامة

2. وصف نهج الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

2.1 وصف موجز للنهج

Selected livestock are bought from the communities, then fattened and marketed by the Mugie conservancy management on a ‘resource sharing’ basis – generating income for both the conservancy and the community. This encourages the development of local value chains and market-based incentives for better rangeland management and animal husbandry outside the conservancy area. Breeding, agricultural shows and on-going education in sustainable rangeland management provide support for the longer-term.

2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج

وصف تفصيلي للنهج:

Mugie conservancy is a private company covering nearly 20,000 hectares. It is involved in ecotourism, wildlife conservation and livestock production. Simultaneously, Mugie cooperates with community members surrounding the conservancy by fattening and marketing their cattle. Both parties share in the risks and successes of the initiative – and this is key to building trust. Community livestock owners ‘resource share’ in the program by supplying selected animals in line with standards and a quota stipulated by the conservancy. Currently the cattle are weighed and graded at the conservancy headquarters, but a purpose-built facility on the edge of the conservancy is being constructed for this purpose.
While the conservancy manages the livestock from the community, there is a joint stake in the livestock as the eventual profits are divided. The conservancy takes over full management of the livestock from the community members including herding and grazing, dipping, providing veterinary treatment, monitoring weight, marketing and sales. The division and remittance of funds generated is according to the contract agreed with the community committee. Contracts vary in nature and are often no more than just verbal agreements based on trust. The original owners have visiting rights on Saturdays during weighing and the spray-race, where they inspect their animals and interact with conservancy livestock staff.

The program aims to build value chains, encourage livestock businesses and the local economy through provision of a fair price market for local communities’ products. It also strives to build peace across communities and ethnicities - there is no room for fighting when talking business. Developing market-based incentives to produce better quality livestock is another aim, thus stimulating improved rangeland management and a higher standard of animal husbandry. It is also hoped to build a sustainable livestock business for the conservancy to pay for its wildlife and biodiversity conservation efforts - because conservation doesn’t pay for itself and tourism is volatile, and can’t cover conservations costs in most situations.
The total turnover of the program to-date (April 2018) is approx. US $ 825,000. The conservancy takes 10% of the sales, plus US $ 4.00 per animal per month to cover grazing, animal health and management. Cattle are sold live to various brokers and dealers, depending on the market conditions and the quality of the cattle.
This process of community participation and partnership building is nurtured and reinforced in various ways: (i) through continuous outdoor meetings (updates on changes needed to agreements; requirements for livestock; updating on conditions of the market; talking about the need to maintain a supply of high quality livestock through better rangeland management, etc.); (ii) by development of community committees; (iii) establishing community SACCOs (co-operatives registered with the county government); and (iv) drawing up contracts between the committees and the conservancy.

The implementation of this approach is an ongoing, dynamic and ever-evolving process. However the broad sequence is as follows: (i) introduction of the approach to communities, encouraging them to embrace the idea of improving livestock quality and to enter into an agreement with the conservancy, (ii) formation of committees within the community to ensure that livestock owners are heard and can agree the value of livestock, as well as avenues for communication, complaints and negotiations, (iii) negotiation of contracts with these committees, covering revenue sharing and proposed number of livestock involved, (iv) livestock management, fattening and marketing by Mugie conservancy, (v) continuous monitoring and reviews.
As implementation progresses there are also breeding schemes to introduce better genetic material into community livestock. These improved breeds produce cattle of higher quality for the beef market. Ongoing education and an annual agricultural show increase the potential and awareness of sustainable range management approaches and opportunities to all members of surrounding communities, including livestock producers: men, women and the youth.

2.3 صور عن النهج

معرض الوسائط

2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها

البلد:

كينيا

المنطقة/الولاية/المحافظة:

Laikipia

مزيد من التفاصيل حول الموقع:

Louniek region

2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج

أشر إلى سنة البدء:

2017

في حالة عدم معرفة السنة بالتحديد، يرجى الإشارة إلى التاريخ التقريبي لبدء النهج:

منذ أقل من 10 سنوات (مؤخرًا)

2.7 نوع النهج

مبادرة محلية حديثة/مبتكرة

2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج

1. Promote peace & stability
2. Incentivise and educate in sustainable rangeland management and use of natural resources
3. Provide local market opportunities
4. Encourage and educate in responsible livestock production in rural areas
5. Encourage local economic growth
6. Ensure sustainable food production
7. Encourage the formation of strong institutions in the area (such as co-operatives, businesses and business-orientated group ranches)

2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج

المعايير والقيم الاجتماعية /الثقافية/ الدينية

تمكين/تمكيني

The use of traditional structures of elders is a great help in bringing members of local communities on board with the program, especially within the Pokot ethnic group.

معيق

Traditional social structures amongst pastoralist communities are commonly collapsing, and therefore the prevailing social norm is for people to try to benefit themselves rather than helping the community at large. Moreover, traditional social structures are dominated by men. Most approaches target elders and warrior age sets to try and distribute knowledge of rangeland management and therefore they do not reach those actually doing the majority of animal husbandry work and having the greatest impact upon the rangelands and biodiversity - namely the women and children.

توفر/الوصول إلى الموارد والخدمات المالية

تمكين/تمكيني

There has been an initial boost in the area from some banking services to help communities open bank accounts, and encourage the formation of cooperatives. Using these institutions greatly reduces the burden of program administration.

معيق

The majority of people in the area do not have local access to financial institutions. This creates a problem, as without the foundation of trust/insurance that financial services bring, facilitating sustainable trade, community members don't have the will or ability to invest in productive activities such as sustainable rangeland management and animal husbandry.

الإطار القانوني (حيازة الأراضي، وحقوق استخدام الأراضي والمياه)

معيق

The sub-division of historical ranches in the area has been done on a scale that creates blocks that are too small (12-20 hectare plots) for sustainable livestock activities to be supported. Most of these do not have their own sources of water and this sub-division of the landscape means the greater area is not being managed to maintain essential ecosystem services such as the preservation of groundwater, soils, native forest or grassland biodiversity.

السياسات

تمكين/تمكيني

The 'Amaya Initiative' that has been set up by the current Governor of Laikipia to boost cooperation between between regional county governments has had initial successes in assisting the project through increased security and encouraging peace and stability. It has yet to provide other enabling functions such as control of cattle movement to prevent disease, encouraging/facilitating markets, etc.

حوكمة الأراضي (صنع القرار والتنفيذ والإنفاذ)

معيق

The lack of law enforcement controlling the movement of livestock hinders efforts to implement value adding techniques and approaches in sustainable rangeland management and associated livestock management approaches through disease, livestock theft, and unregulated utilisation of natural resources. The lack of enforcement of laws supporting the rights of landowners and businesses discourages investment on any scale. The penalties for transgressing some of these laws are also very weak and not commensurate with the risks that their breaches pose to landowners.

المعرفة حول الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي، والوصول إلى الدعم الفني

معيق

The basic understanding of lifecycles of common wild fodder plants is lacking. This means that the majority of community led initiatives to manage natural resources and mitigate against climate based crises cause more harm to sustainable land management efforts in the medium to long term.

الأسواق (لشراء المدخلات وبيع المنتجات) والأسعار

معيق

Poor market access makes it difficult to sustain the program across all the potential revenue situations. There are good markets for well-finished livestock. However, culled cows, for instance, cannot be sold - and these continue to drain resources, both financial and natural. Institutions with large contracts that could provide offtake for such animals do not offer market prices that are sustainable for local businesses. The development of local infrastructure in marketing inputs (medicines, feeds, supplements, extension services, etc.), and value chain addition (slaughter houses, canning factories, cold chain storage, etc.) would help break apparent monopolies that seem to be retarding local markets.

عبء العمل، توفر القوى العاملة

معيق

There is a lack of availability of manpower with the correct skills and training in administration and management and with an understanding and willingness to work in the agricultural sector.

غير ذلك

معيق

Availability of seed funds to encourage entrepreneurship and development of local businesses. Most funds seem to be channelled through NGOs who have an aversion to partnership in commercial ventures. Many training sessions that are run by NGOs in surrounding pastoralist areas, when discussing potential stakeholders, rarely mention local businesses. This serves to develop societies and communities reliant on handouts, unwilling to develop their local value chains. The prevailing NGO, development and aid attitude that avoids large for-profit businesses needs to change. Such businesses can be a lynchpin in regional value chains that encourage sustainable approaches, as they guarantee local supply chains and local customer bases, raising local economies, peace and strong institutions.

3. المشاركة وأدوار الأطراف المعنية

3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم

مستخدمو الأراضي المحليون/المجتمعات المحلية

Land and livestock owners from the immediate area surrounding the private conservancy (from the Pokot, Samburu & Turkana tribes).

Local land users/communities make committees to allocate quotas of livestock to come in to the MTS resource sharing and livestock-to-market program. It is also their responsibility to continue to bring suitable animals for the program. The committees are those to communicate changes and updates to the terms of agreement to the wider community and to help mediate in disputes.

المنظمات المجتمعية

Chemiot SACCO - a Pokot youth cooperative set up in the wake of starting the MTS scheme.

Mugie wishes to encourage the development of strong institutions in the area. Mugie hopes increasingly to deal with SACCOs as opposed to committees.

متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي / مستشارون زراعيون

RPLRP (Regional Pastoralist Livelihoods Resilience Program) and NDMA (National Drought Management Authority).

Currently, these stakeholders have shown an interest in the project and wish to see how it can be scaled up.

الباحثون

Masters and Doctorate students

There has been a little interest from these stakeholders in using the information and databases developed by Mugie. However there has been no feedback and little uptake from them.

القطاع الخاص

Mugie Conservancy, various Mugie Trade partners.

To manage the livestock, to finish (fatten) them for the market, market the livestock, remit funds from sales, manage the contracts, provide education on improved rangeland management and animal husbandry. Trade partners provide other inputs and access to markets.

الحكومة المحلية

Laikipia County Government, Samburu County Government, Baringo County Government

The respective county governments have shown interest in supporting and further developing the MTS program in order to help develop strong institutions, economy, businesses opportunities and rehabilitate rangelands for better livelihoods in the Amaya Triangle area.

إذا كان هناك العديد من الأطراف المعنية، قم بالإشارة إلى الوكالة الرائدة:

Mugie Conservancy

3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج

	انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية	حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة
المبادرة/التحفيز	تفاعلي	Both Mugie conservancy and local land users were involved in negotiations over the period of conflict around the 2017 Kenya presidential elections - out of this innovative resource sharing approaches were developed to benefit all stakeholders.
التخطيط	تفاعلي	Community leaders were presented with the options and limitations by Mugie management. Committees were then formed under several different themes, and they then negotiated contracts.
التنفيذ	تفاعلي	Community committees continue to be the main point of contact as the program develops organically, balancing the market, environment and needs of various stakeholders. However, the main implementer continues to be Mugie but with integrated community support. Changes in the market are seeing more individual community members using the scheme to market livestock themselves without Mugie involvement, but using the reputation of the brand.
الرصد/التقييم	تفاعلي	Communities raise problems that occur and work hand in hand with Mugie management to resolve issues.

3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

حدد من الذي قرر اختيار التقنية/التقنيات التي سيتم تنفيذها:

متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بشكل أساسي، بعد التشاور مع مستخدمي الأراضي

اشرح:

Mugie handles the administration of the program and therefore decides on what technologies best fit their management requirements. Communities are always consulted on all changes and developments of the program.

حدد على أي أساس تم اتخاذ القرارات:

تقييم المعرفة الموثقة جيدًا بشأن الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي(اتخاذ القرارات القائمة على الأدلة)
نتائج البحوث
خبرة وآراء شخصية(غير موثقة)

4. الدعم الفني وبناء القدرات وإدارة المعرفة

4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب

هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:

نعم

حدد من تم تدريبه:

مستخدمو الأراضي
موظفون ميدانيون/ مستشارون

شكل التدريب:

في العمل
من مزارع إلى مزارع
مناطق العرض
اجتماعات عامة

المواضيع المغطاة:

Grazing management, rangeland management (planning), Lifecycles of plants, water cycling, solar cycling, mineral cycling, importance of suitable breeds, market awareness, forming (SACCO), Basic business planning.

4.2 خدمة استشارية

هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:

كلا

4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)

هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:

نعم، باعتدال

حدد المستوى (المستويات) التي تم فيها تعزيز أو إنشاء المؤسسات:

محلي
إقليمي

صف المؤسسة والأدوار والمسؤوليات والأعضاء وما إلى ذلك.

Cooperatives (SACCOs), Community Conservancies, Local businesses.

حدد نوع الدعم:

بناء القدرات/التدريب

4.4 الرصد والتقييم

هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:

نعم

إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، فهل من المقصود استخدام هذه الوثائق للمراقبة والتقييم؟:

نعم

4.5 البحوث

هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:

نعم

حدد المواضيع:

علم الاجتماع
الاقتصاد / التسويق
علم الايكولوجيا
تكنولوجيا

أعط تفاصيل إضافية وأشر إلى من قام بالبحوث:

Project developers from Mugie.

5. التمويل والدعم المادي الخارجي

5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور

إذا لم تكن الميزانية السنوية الدقيقة معروفة، قم بالإشارة إلى نطاقها:

‏ 10,0000-2,000

التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):

All funding presently from Mugie. The program could be greatly improved with outside funding, donations or support.

5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي

هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:

كلا

5.3 إعانات لمدخلات محددة (بما في ذلك العمالة)

معدات

حدد المدخلات التي تم دعمها	إلى أي مدى	حدد الإعانات

أدوات	ممول جزئيا	Microchipping for Electronic identification of cattle from Kenya Vetinary Association (KVA)

إذا كان العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي مدخلاً جوهريًا، فهل كان:

تطوعي

5.4 الائتمان

هل تم توفير ائتمان في إطار نهج أنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

كلا

5.5 حوافز أو وسائل أخرى

هل تم استخدام حوافز أو أدوات أخرى لتشجيع تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

كلا

6. تحليل الأثر والتصريحات الختامية

6.1 آثار النهج

هل ساهم النهج في تمكين مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين وتحسين مشاركة الأطراف المعنية؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

Local landowners have a financial market based incentive to protect the main conservation area and increase/explore rehabilitation efforts on their own land.

هل مكّن النهج من اتخاذ القرارات المبنية على الأدلة؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

Detailed records were kept from the beginning and consulted as evidence for changes to the approach as the program developed

هل ساعد النهج مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ وصيانة تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

The program is still relatively new - but there has been strong evidence of changing attitudes towards better rangeland management.

هل نجح النهج في تحسين التنسيق والتنفيذ الفعال من حيث التكلفة لأنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

The proper management of cattle is helping to manage grasses and reduce the burden on overgrazed areas within the landscape.

هل نجح النهج في تعبئة/تحسين الوصول إلى الموارد المالية لتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

Funding for this has yet to be provided for the area.

هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين معرفة وقدرات مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

Considerable training has been carried out and discussions have been held with all of the communities surrounding the main conservation area of Mugie, greatly increasing their knowledge - capacity however relies upon security, access to market incentive to implement SLM and above all security of resources and land tenure.

هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين معرفة وقدرات الأطراف المعنية الأخرى؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

Training of, and discussions with, other stakeholders have taken place too, raising wider awareness of the major issues and driving causes of rangeland degradation in the area.

هل ساهم النهج في بناء/تعزيز المؤسسات والتعاون بين الأطراف المعنية؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

Yes, and continues to do so. The approach shows and provides a framework for further cooperation in economic development, peace building and education as well as sustainable land management and safeguarding of biodiversity.

هل ساهم النهج في التخفيف من حدة الصراعات؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

It has led to great stability in the area and opened up lines of dialogues between different communities, ethnicities, areas, and local government.

هل ساهم النهج في تمكين الفئات المحرومة اجتماعيا واقتصاديا؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

The approach has allowed socially and economically disadvantaged groups to benefit from the administration and financial services from Mugie Conservancy and has enabled investments that have shown as much as 37% return on investments for socially and economically disadvantaged groups that otherwise would never have happened.

هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين المساواة بين الجنسين وتمكين النساء والفتيات؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

Although this impact has been small, now that trust with communities has been built, further resource sharing products are being developed within the approach to target these groups specifically.

هل شجع النهج الشباب/الجيل القادم من مستخدمي الأراضي على الانخراط في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

The Mugie Rangeland and Pastoralist Show (an agricultural show for pastoralists) welcomes all the family and makes them aware of the issues and potential for change through SLM technologies and approaches.

هل أدى النهج إلى تحسن في مسائل حيازة الأراضي / حقوق المستخدمين التي أعاقت تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

This lies within the government's power to change. However, there is a lack of understanding of what the problem actually is, even from local and national government.

هل أدى هذا النهج إلى تحسين الأمن الغذائي / تحسين التغذية؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين الوصول إلى الأسواق؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين الوصول إلى المياه والصرف الصحي؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

Not yet, but as the approach goes forward. Those participating from more affluent social groups will be charged a premium. This will be used for extension services that improve these areas. Education is being given around the potential for communities to develop their own local water cooperatives.

هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين قدرة مستخدمي الأراضي على التكيف مع التغيرات المناخية/الظواهر المناخية المتطرفة والتخفيف من الكوارث المرتبطة بالمناخ؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

By providing basic financial services, land users can start guaranteeing funds and plans available for climate related disasters. The education and knowledge being provided also increases this capacity, and the off take of animals to finish on managed rangeland for market provides resilience all year round regardless of drought.

هل أدى النهج إلى توفير فرص عمل ودخل؟:

لا
نعم، قليلا
نعم، باعتدال
نعم، إلى حد كبير

There has been a huge injection of funds into the area through this approach. Employment has also increased through the scheme and can continue to do so as it grows.

6.2 المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

زيادة الإنتاج

زيادة الربح (القدرة)، وتحسين نسبة التكلفة إلى العائد

الحد من تدهور الأراضي

الحد من مخاطر الكوارث

الوجاهة والضغط الاجتماعي/التماسك الاجتماعي

تعزيز المعرفة والمهارات في مجال الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

تحسينات جماليية

التخفيف من حدة الصراع

6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج

هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:

غير مؤكد

إذا كان الجواب لا أو غير متأكد، حدد ذلك وعلق عليه:

At the time of writing the approach is still less than a year old and this remains to be seen.

6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر مستخدمي الأراضي
Benefits from the increase in the value of cattle. Few other livestock programs achieve this.
It has created peace in the area.
There are now opportunities for business growth opening up in the area.

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
This is a key stepping stone in creating resilience in the area and rehabilitating degraded land through the financial market based incentives provided through the approach.
The approach has provided the necessary financial services and a sustainable road map forward to alleviate poverty through the changing of local attitudes from a wealth based society where the tragedy of the commons is degrading landscapes and societal structures, into a cash based society with strong institutions, a sustainable way of life and future.
Increase in peace and stability can further provide an incentive for local land users to invest in SLM practices and the return of biodiversity.

6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر مستخدم الأراضي	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
Changeability of the market and lack of guaranteed prices.	Further banding together to guarantee good products (livestock) dependent upon sustainable rangeland management and agreed contracts with wholesalers.
Still a lack of good rangeland outside of the main conservation area of Mugie	Further increase stability and peace in the area and develop cooperatives of landowners who can rehabilitate and manage their land sustainably using economies of scale. This requires further guarantees of the markets and their products.

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
Administrative burden is huge and might prevent replication of the approach to organisations without a body of well-educated staff.	Development of a resource sharing management application (App).
Corruption in the markets and with large-scale contracts for livestock products