Dairy Cooperatives and KOUFUKU linkage for milk marketing [بوتان]
- تاريخ الإنشاء:
- تحديث:
- جامع المعلومات: Nima Dolma Tamang
- المحرر: Haka Drukpa
- المراجعون: William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer
approaches_6889 - بوتان
عرض الأقسام
توسيع الكل طي الكل1. معلومات عامة
1.2 تفاصيل الاتصال بالأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات والمؤسسات المعنية بتقييم وتوثيق النهج
الشخص (الأشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات
مستخدم الأرض:
Kelzang
17711512
Tshedung Village, Rizor Chiwog, Udzorong Gewog, Trashigang Dzongkhag
بوتان
مستخدم الأرض:
Tenzin Yeshey
17419479
Tshedung Village, Rizor Chiwog, Udzorong Gewog, Trashigang Dzongkhag
بوتان
مستخدم الأرض:
Karma
77737250
Tshedung Village, Rizor Chiwog, Udzorong Gewog, Trashigang Dzongkhag
بوتان
مستخدم الأرض:
Zangmo Tshering
77201103
Tshedung Village, Rizor Chiwog, Udzorong Gewog, Trashigang Dzongkhag
بوتان
مستخدم الأرض:
Choden Jigme
17725834
Tshedung Village, Rizor Chiwog, Udzorong Gewog, Trashigang Dzongkhag
بوتان
اسم المشروع الذي سهّل توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)
Strengthening national-level institutional and professional capacities of country Parties towards enhanced UNCCD monitoring and reporting – GEF 7 EA Umbrella II (GEF 7 UNCCD Enabling Activities_Umbrella II)اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)
National Soil Services Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture & Livestock (NSSC) - بوتان1.3 الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT
متى تم تجميع البيانات (ميدانيا)؟:
15/07/2023
يوافق جامع المعلومات والشخص (لاشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات على الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT:
نعم
1.4 المراجع الخاصة باستبيان(استبيانات) تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
2. وصف نهج الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
2.1 وصف موجز للنهج
This approach links dairy cooperatives with a dairy plant, KOUFUKU International Limited (KIL), for milk marketing. It is an established dairy value chain that addresses milk and dairy product marketing issues and improves the livelihoods of many small dairy farmers in eastern Bhutan.
2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج
وصف تفصيلي للنهج:
This approach links dairy cooperatives with a dairy plant, KOUFUKU International Limited (KIL), for milk marketing. It is an established dairy value chain that addresses milk and dairy product marketing issues and improves the livelihoods of many small dairy farmers in eastern Bhutan. The approach encompasses milk cooperatives, collection centres, milk transport vans, and the processing unit operated by KIL. Currently, milk is supplied to the company by approximately 22 milk cooperatives, each consisting of land users engaged in dairy farming. This documentation focuses on the linkage between KIL and one such cooperative named Samphel Chirphen Jersey Detshen of Udzorong Gewog in Trashigang Dzongkhag.
At the heart of the system are collection centres, strategically placed at each dairy cooperative and equipped with chilling machines. Managed by the dairy cooperatives, these centres serve as crucial points for milk collection. A dedicated milk transport van and driver is arranged to facilitate the transportation of milk from individual land users to the collection point, and onward to the processing unit. Designed with insulation, the van ensures the quality of the milk is maintained, preventing deterioration during transit. The pricing structure for land users is influenced by their choice in milk collection and transport: those opting for the company's services receive a lower price per litre.
The KIL processing unit, situated in Chenary, Trashigang Dzongkhag, is a subsidiary of Druk Holding and Investments Limited (DHI). This unit produces a variety of processed milk products, including "Druk Zambala Cheese," salted and non-salted butter, stirred yogurt, gouda cheese, and cottage cheese. This approach improves the livelihoods of land users, encouraging cooperative members to increase milk production which ultimately increases cash income.
For KIL, the company's involvement aims to augment processing capacity. Despite having the potential to process 4000 litres of milk daily, only 44% of this capacity was utilized as of 2021. The approach embraces an inclusive model, involving smallholder land users in cooperative formation and connecting them to the market, making it a successful value chain intervention.
The implementation method of Samphel Chirphen Jersey Detshen employs a consultative approach, engaging various stakeholders such as the Gewog Livestock Extension Officer, Dzongkhag Livestock Officer, CARLEP officials, and a representative from KIL. This collaborative method enables land users to voice their needs, ensuring decisions that benefit the community.
The stages of implementation involve the initiation of cooperative formation driven by awareness created by the Livestock Extension Officer. Group formation facilitates resource-sharing and reduces workload of land user. Further, subsidies and incentives support from the government are directed towards the cooperative rather than individual land users, emphasizing the importance of forming cooperatives to maximize benefits. The dairy cooperative members were supported to construct improved cattle sheds and biogas plants to improved livestock rearing.
Initially, the Samphel Chirphen Jersey Detshen faced marketing challenges, prompting government intervention to connect them with KIL. Consultations resulted in an agreement where land users committed to supplying a minimum of 100 litres per day at a negotiated rate of Nu. 35 per litre, establishing KIL as their end market. Subsequently, improved cattle breeds were acquired, and the cooperatives increased their daily milk supply from 71 to 280-300 litres. Stakeholders, including Gewog Livestock Extension Officer, Dzongkhag Livestock Officer, Gewog Officials, and CARLEP-IFAD, play pivotal roles in providing technical guidance, subsidies, and funding. Regular monitoring ensures the success of the activity.
In summary, this approach benefits land users by enhancing marketing services and providing sustainable sources of household income – and indirectly improves SLM through encouraging better husbandry of dairy cattle and associated biogas plants.
2.3 صور عن النهج
معرض الوسائط
2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها
البلد:
بوتان
المنطقة/الولاية/المحافظة:
Trashigang Dzongkhag
مزيد من التفاصيل حول الموقع:
Tshedung Village, Rizor Chiwog, Udzorong Gewog
Map
×2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج
أشر إلى سنة البدء:
2021
2.7 نوع النهج
- مبادرة محلية حديثة/مبتكرة
2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج
The approach aims to establish an efficient marketing system of the milk by creating a linkage between the land user and the milk processing unit. it will also contriutes to increased in income and improvement of land users' livelihoods.
2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج
المعايير والقيم الاجتماعية /الثقافية/ الدينية
- تمكين/تمكيني
Technologies under the approach such as biogas and improved diary sheds are environment friendly which complements the religious belief of Buddhism through being socially just.
توفر/الوصول إلى الموارد والخدمات المالية
- تمكين/تمكيني
During the construction of a biogas plant, land users were accessible to the loan from Bhutan Development Bank Limited (BDBL). BDBL focuses on rural prosperity and provides funds for agricultural purposes. Subsidy support is provided by the government.
الإطار المؤسساتي
- تمكين/تمكيني
The institutional setting enabled the implementation of technology as there were only a few land users trained for the construction of biogas. The trained land user from the group shared the skills and knowledge with other land users during the installation of the biogas plant.
التعاون/التنسيق بين الجهات الفاعلة
- تمكين/تمكيني
Land users shared ideas, and workloads, and made collective decisions in the meeting to resolve the issues.
المعرفة حول الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي، والوصول إلى الدعم الفني
- تمكين/تمكيني
Implementation of improved cattle sheds and biogas enriched the land user with the knowledge of soil nutrient management. For example, in the past, the land users never collected cow urine due to poor cattle shed design, now they can collect cattle urine and use it as a nitrogen source in vegetable fields.
الأسواق (لشراء المدخلات وبيع المنتجات) والأسعار
- تمكين/تمكيني
The linkage reduced the workload of the land users to market the produce as the milk collection was done from the land users' house.
عبء العمل، توفر القوى العاملة
- تمكين/تمكيني
The approach led to reduced workload as each land user need not reach the milk at the collection centre. Further with the cemented cattle shed, maintaining sanitation and cleaning the shed requires less time.
3. المشاركة وأدوار الأطراف المعنية
3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم
- مستخدمو الأراضي المحليون/المجتمعات المحلية
A total of 34 members (25 male and 9 female), aged between 35 to 50 years old from Samphel Chirphen Jersey Detshen were involved in the approach.
Produce and supply fresh milk to milk processing unit.
Elected members such as Chairman, Secretary and Treasures to function as per bylaws.
- متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي / مستشارون زراعيون
Gewog Livestock Officer and Dzongkhag Livestock Officer
Provide technical inputs, monitor the activities and progress of the group and take issues that are not resolved within the cooperative to higher forums such as Gewog and Dzongkhag meetings.
- القطاع الخاص
KOUFUKO International Limited
Purchase milk from the land users and provide support in transportation and marketing.
- الحكومة المحلية
Gup, Tshokpa, Mangmi
Monitor group activities and allocate gewog funds if required for the group. For example, the Gewog fund of Nu. 10,00,000/- (Ten hundred thousand) was allocated to purchase improved cattle breeds (jersey) for the land users where a 70% subsidy was provided and only 30% of the total cost was borne by land users.
3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج
| انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية | حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة | |
|---|---|---|
| المبادرة/التحفيز | الدعم الخارجي | Gewog Livestock Extension Officer motivated the land users to form cooperatives by creating awareness of the benefits involved in working in a group rather than individually. |
| التخطيط | تفاعلي | All the stakeholders (Gewog Livestock Extension Officer, Dzongkhag Livestock officer, representatives of the KOFUKU International Limited and CARLEP-IFAD officials) were involved in the planning process. |
| التنفيذ | تفاعلي | All the stakeholders with related expertise were involved in the implementation process. For example, the Dzongkhag engineer, Gewog Livestock Extension Officer, Dzongkhag Livestock officer, Gup, CARLEP-IFAD officials and land users were involved in the construction of the milk collection shed, |
| الرصد/التقييم | تفاعلي | External monitoring is done by CARLEP-IFAD officials, the Gewog Livestock Extension Officer, Dzongkhag Livestock Officer. Internal monitoring is done by Thrizin to ensure the minimum milk capacity (100 litres) is met. |
3.3 مخطط التدفق (إذا كان متاحًا)
الوصف:
The flowchart is developed in consultation with the land users.
المؤلف:
Nima Dolma Tamang
3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
حدد من الذي قرر اختيار التقنية/التقنيات التي سيتم تنفيذها:
- متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بشكل أساسي، بعد التشاور مع مستخدمي الأراضي
اشرح:
Implementation of the biogas plants and improved cattle shed construction was introduced by the Dzongkhag Livestock Officer in consultation with the land users.
حدد على أي أساس تم اتخاذ القرارات:
- خبرة وآراء شخصية(غير موثقة)
4. الدعم الفني وبناء القدرات وإدارة المعرفة
4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب
هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:
نعم
حدد من تم تدريبه:
- مستخدمو الأراضي
إذا كان ذلك على صلة، حدد الجنس والعمر والوضع والعرق وما إلى ذلك.
There were 34 members in the cooperative consisting of 25 male and 9 female, aged between 35 to 50 years old all belonging to Sharchop ethnicity.
The gender composition is based on the head of the household registered in the census although all the family members (both male and female) are involved in the activity.
شكل التدريب:
- من مزارع إلى مزارع
- مناطق العرض
- دورات
المواضيع المغطاة:
Cattle shed and biogas plant construction and their benefits. Fodder grass plantations such as napier, super napier (Pakchong), and others.
4.2 خدمة استشارية
هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:
نعم
حدد ما إذا كانت الخدمة الاستشارية متوفرة:
- في حقول مستخدمي الأراضي
- في مراكز دائمة
وصف/تعليقات:
The Gewog Extension Officer is involved in providing advisory services based on the need.
4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)
هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:
- نعم، باعتدال
حدد المستوى (المستويات) التي تم فيها تعزيز أو إنشاء المؤسسات:
- محلي
صف المؤسسة والأدوار والمسؤوليات والأعضاء وما إلى ذلك.
The institution is strengthened through the approach as there were only 10 members in the cooperative in 2022 which increased to 24 as of 2023.
حدد نوع الدعم:
- بناء القدرات/التدريب
اعط مزيدا من التفاصيل:
Training provided by DLO for biogas construction
4.4 الرصد والتقييم
هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:
نعم
التعليقات:
External monitoring is done by CARLEP-IFAD officials, the Gewog Livestock Extension Officer, the Dzongkhag Livestock Officer and Gewog Officials. The monitoring officials conduct the site visits to see the implementation of an improved dairy shed, improved cattle breeds, fodder grass plantation and biogas plant. The monitoring is mainly done to meet the objective of the funding agency and service providers i.e. to increase milk productivity and improve the livelihood of the land users.
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، فهل من المقصود استخدام هذه الوثائق للمراقبة والتقييم؟:
كلا
4.5 البحوث
هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:
كلا
5. التمويل والدعم المادي الخارجي
5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور
التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):
There is no annual budget allocated for the approach as the linkage is well established. The land users are equipped to sustain themselves. However, if new challenges arise, the budget is sought from various stakeholders.
5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي
هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:
نعم
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، حدد نوع (أنواع) الدعم والشروط والمزودين:
1. Financial support
Nu. 11,700/- (USD 140.54) provided for biogas construction for individual households
70% subsidy for procurement of improved cattle breeds
2. Equipment
70% subsidy was provided for the deep fridge for individual household and 3 large for the collection point (30-40 litres) 30% of the amount was paid by land users. Doner funded 100% for the milk collection can, butter churner, and chiller machine.
3. Construction materials per household
Donor funded 100% for the biogas construction materials 8 bags of cement, metal, pipe, stove
Donor funded 100% for the improved cattle shed construction materials 18 bags of cement, 18 number of CGI sheets, half truck sand.
5.3 إعانات لمدخلات محددة (بما في ذلك العمالة)
- معدات
| حدد المدخلات التي تم دعمها | إلى أي مدى | حدد الإعانات |
|---|---|---|
| الآلات | ممول بالكامل | Donor funded 100% for the milk collection can, butter churner, and chiller machine. |
| Deep fridge | ممول جزئيا | 70% by the donor CARLEP and 30% by the land user |
- زراعة
| حدد المدخلات التي تم دعمها | إلى أي مدى | حدد الإعانات |
|---|---|---|
| بذور | ممول بالكامل | Fodder seeds were fully financed |
- بناء
| حدد المدخلات التي تم دعمها | إلى أي مدى | حدد الإعانات |
|---|---|---|
| Cement, matal, pipe | ممول بالكامل | 100% financed for the construction of biogas and cattle shed |
- بنى تحتية
| حدد المدخلات التي تم دعمها | إلى أي مدى | حدد الإعانات |
|---|---|---|
| Cattle shed | ممول بالكامل | 18 bags of cement, 18 CGI sheet, half truck sand. |
إذا كان العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي مدخلاً جوهريًا، فهل كان:
- تطوعي
5.4 الائتمان
هل تم توفير ائتمان في إطار نهج أنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
نعم
حدد الشروط (معدل الفائدة، فترة السداد، الخ.):
Land users in the group can avail loans of up to Nu. 20,000 (USD 240.25) loan payable on quarterly basis for 3 years.
حدد مقدمي الائتمان:
Bhutan Development Bank Limited - A bank focusing on rural development.
حدد متلقي الائتمان:
Land users
5.5 حوافز أو وسائل أخرى
هل تم استخدام حوافز أو أدوات أخرى لتشجيع تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
كلا
6. تحليل الأثر والتصريحات الختامية
6.1 آثار النهج
هل ساهم النهج في تمكين مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين وتحسين مشاركة الأطراف المعنية؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The approach improved farm income, knowledge and skills empowering land users to deal with difficult situations efficiently.
هل مكّن النهج من اتخاذ القرارات المبنية على الأدلة؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Yes, to cite an example, the land users learned that super napier (Napier Pakchong 1 which is a hybrid between Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum americanum cv. Pakchong 1) gives more milk than the guatemala. Therefore, they opted for plantation of super napier than guatemala.
هل ساعد النهج مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ وصيانة تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Yes, the approach improves market linkage and indirectly encourages land users to increase milk production due to an assured market. The byproduct of the approach (cow dung) can be used to develop farm yard manure (FYM) and biogas plants ultimately improving soil quality, production of alternative energy source for cooking and heating.
هل نجح النهج في تعبئة/تحسين الوصول إلى الموارد المالية لتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The approach enabled stakeholders to mobilize funds and provide subsidies and financial resources to implement SLM. The land users got Nu. 20000/- loan from BDBL to construct improved diary shed.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين معرفة وقدرات مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Through the approach, the land users were trained on SLM implementation increasing their knowledge and skills.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين معرفة وقدرات الأطراف المعنية الأخرى؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The cooperative is supported by various stakeholders in terms of technical and advisory services. When there is any issues faced by the land users, they turn to the stakeholders for support, where the stakeholders need to develop a method to solve their issues leading to improved knowledge of the stakeholders.
هل ساهم النهج في بناء/تعزيز المؤسسات والتعاون بين الأطراف المعنية؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The approach improved collaboration between stakeholders including CARLEP-IFAD, Gewog and Dzongkhag officials and KOUFUKU International Limited company.
هل ساهم النهج في التخفيف من حدة الصراعات؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
In the past, there were social conflicts in the group as there were a few individuals who failed to do their duty of collecting milk and turning up for other group activities leading to social conflict and misunderstanding. With the establishment of linkage with the processing unit, marketing is facilitated by the company leading to a significant reduction in the social conflict.
The group is equity focused, where economically disadvantaged land users are given priority to join the group. Although milk collection is done from all.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين المساواة بين الجنسين وتمكين النساء والفتيات؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Any interested land users irrespective of their gender can be part of the cooperative. The greater number of males in the group member list is due to the majority of the men being head of the household. While implementing, both the parties are given equal opportunity.
هل شجع النهج الشباب/الجيل القادم من مستخدمي الأراضي على الانخراط في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Although there are opportunities for the youths to open a large-scale dairy farm with a secured market. There were no interested youth from the community to take up dairy farming. This could be due to better opportunities and facilities available in the town than village setting. However, there were few youth entrepreneurs from the Dzongkhag involved in large-scale dairy farming.
هل أدى هذا النهج إلى تحسين الأمن الغذائي / تحسين التغذية؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The approach provided a sustainable income source increasing the land users' buying capacity for nutritious foods.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين الوصول إلى الأسواق؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
There is a significant improvement in the milk market as the buyer comes to the land users' doorstep to collect milk.
هل أدى النهج إلى استخدام طاقة/ مصادر طاقة أكثر استدامة؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Yes, the approach led to the implementation of biogas technology which is one of the sustainable sources of energy.
هل أدى النهج إلى توفير فرص عمل ودخل؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
On average individual household generates Nu. 12000/- by selling milk. Thereby, improving farm income and motivating land users to engage in livestock farming ultimately generating employment.
6.2 المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
- زيادة الإنتاج
The linkage improved market access to the land users which motivated them to increase production due to an assured market. Implementation of biogas, improved diary shed and FYM improved land users' soil quality and increased crop productivity.
- زيادة الربح (القدرة)، وتحسين نسبة التكلفة إلى العائد
The cooperative should supply a minimum of 100 litres of milk to the Company. Therefore, it enabled land users to source support from various stakeholders to increase productivity such as funding for fodder grass slips, subsidy for the purchase of improved breeds of cattle and other supports ultimately leading to increased productivity and profit for the land users.
6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج
هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:
- نعم
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، صف كيف:
Support needed for the establishment of the linkage is completed. Hereafter, the land users can sustain themselves without external support.
6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج
| نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر مستخدمي الأراضي |
|---|
| The major strength of the approach is milk marketing where land users get access to the market without having to worry about transportation. On the other hand, KOUFUKU International Limited can increase its production capacity of milk products. |
| Forming a cooperative and working together enabled land users to avail various support from the government as majority of the support is provided to the group than individual households. |
| The approach improved household income leading to improved livelihoods of the land users. |
| نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات |
|---|
| Encourages other land users to form milk cooperatives. Udzorong Gewog is one of the remote areas of Trashigang Dzongkhag and the ability to establish linkage and generate income from livestock farming would encourage other land users from different chiwog and gewogs to form milk cooperatives. This would ultimately improve the living standard of the community and country. |
6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها
| نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر مستخدم الأراضي | كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟ |
|---|---|
| The land users feel the price for one litre of milk is less (Nu. 35/-) which is barely enough to buy karma feed (formulated cattle feed costing Nu. 1850/- per bag) and mustard cake (Nu. 1900 per bag). The use of fodder grass (pakchong, napier, and guatemala) gives low milk production compared to processed feed. | Sensitize and institute quality based payment for milk, encourage formulation of local feed, and adopt TMR |
| Need for more members in the cooperative to increase the overall productivity. | Sensitize and encourage other farmers to join the cooperative. |
| The spread of cattle diseases such as lumpy skin disease (LSD) leads to the loss of cattle and reduced milk production. | Need for immediate and improved veterinary service in the country. Encourage to put in place biosecurity measures. |
| نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات | كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟ |
|---|---|
| The land users are provided with lots of subsidies and inputs making them highly dependent. Which could reduce their capacity to innovate and search for solutions on their own. | Subsidies should be given with conditions. |
7. المراجع والروابط
7.1 طرق جمع/مصادر المعلومات
- زيارات ميدانية، مسوحات ميدانية
Five
- مقابلات مع مستخدمي الأراضي
Five
7.2 المراجع للمنشورات المتاحة
العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:
Norbu. (2021). Linking dairy farmers to koufuko: a case of a successful dairy value chain and marketing in the east. CARLEP. Retrievef from https://carlep.gov.bt/linking-dairy-farmers-to-koufuko-a-case-of-a-successful-dairy-value-chain-and-marketing-in-the-east/
متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:
https://carlep.gov.bt/linking-dairy-farmers-to-koufuko-a-case-of-a-successful-dairy-value-chain-and-marketing-in-the-east/
7.3 روابط للمعلومات ذات الصلة المتوفرة على الإنترنت
العنوان/الوصف:
Koufuku International Limited
عنوان الرابط URL:
https://kil.bt/
العنوان/الوصف:
Koufuku International Limited
عنوان الرابط URL:
https://www.instagram.com/koufukudairy/?hl=en
الروابط والوحدات المواضيعية
توسيع الكل طي الكلالروابط
لا يوجد روابط
الوحدات المواضيعية
لا يوجد وحدات مواضيعية