Selection of white winter emmer wheat (Nate Kleinman)

Experimental Farm Network for collaborative plant breeding and sustainable agriculture research. (United States)

Description

The Experimental Farm Network is an online platform facilitating collaborative plant breeding as well as other sustainable agricultural research.

The experimental farm network started when Nate Kleinman and Dusty Hinz saw the threats of climate change, and wanted to have an agriculture able to cope with it. Breeding for crops like trees, or perennial wheat, takes decades and is often part of university programs which phase out with the retirement of the responsible person. These are the reasons which lead the two to build up a decentralized network for plant breeding and other experimental farming techniques.

The network is online based, open source, and with a free access to everyone having an internet connection. In the network, there are two positions for each project: researcher and volunteer. A researcher who wants to start a project describes the goals, the needs from the volunteers, and the required climatic and soil conditions. A volunteer, who has a profile where the growing conditions are described, can sign up for the project. The researcher can then contact the volunteers which seem suitable, and send genetic material. Usually, the work involves planting the seeds, growing it out, measuring some characteristics (size, yield, etc.) and sending a part of the seeds with some data back.

The EFN is organized as a non-profit cooperative with two permanent employees and a board of advisors. The sources of income were initially a crowdsourcing and the sale of seeds. Financially it is not yet totally self-carrying, as the employees are working sometimes for free. With the increase of seed sales, also from experimental and diverse varieties, it is changing.

The website helps putting people in touch and keeping records of who is working on which project, as well as for volunteers to stay updated with the projects. Some projects, with annuals, are only short term, while others, for example with slow growing perennials, may need decades if not more to produce a selected cultivar or variety of a crop.

Location

Location: This is where the non-profit cooperative is registered. Projects take place around the world, in the USA, Canada and Australia so far., United States

Geo-reference of selected sites
  • -75.16242, 39.95219

Initiation date: 2013

Year of termination: n.a.

Type of Approach
Seeds of a landrace bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea). It grows well in marginal lands, is therefor of interest for a resilient farming. One of the EFN projects. (Nate Kleinman)
Seedling of monkey puzzle, (Araucaria araucana), a long lived tree which was a staple crop for humans in its South American range. One of the EFN projects. (Nate Kleinman)

Approach aims and enabling environment

Main aims / objectives of the approach
Develop farming systems for a future, while tackling problems with climate change.
Conditions enabling the implementation of the Technology/ ies applied under the Approach
  • Social/ cultural/ religious norms and values: More and more people are aware of the problems with the narrow genetics of current varieties.
  • Collaboration/ coordination of actors: It only works as collaborative projects.
  • Knowledge about SLM, access to technical support: The exchange of the different actors in plant breeding and sustainable farming enables the work of the experimental farm network
  • Workload, availability of manpower: Many breeding projects can only be done on huge areas, for example tree breeding. Spreading the workload on many people, all of them having only a limited work, enables to make
Conditions hindering the implementation of the Technology/ ies applied under the Approach
  • Collaboration/ coordination of actors: Some volunteers do not return seeds, it is difficult to get reliable people.

Participation and roles of stakeholders involved

Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles
What stakeholders / implementing bodies were involved in the Approach? Specify stakeholders Describe roles of stakeholders
local land users/ local communities Volunteers Volunteers help researchers with their experiments, for example by looking out for promising wild specimen, by growing out varieties under specific conditions to assess the resistance, by selecting experimental varieties, or by similar work.
community-based organizations The non-profit cooperative "Experimental Farm Network" Provides an online platform where researchers and volunteers can meet.
researchers Researchers They can find volunteers if more people are needed to carry out an experiment, specially in plant breeding for sustainable farming.
Lead agency
The non-profit cooperative "Experimental Farm Network" has the lead, but each researcher leads his or her own project.
Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach
none
passive
external support
interactive
self-mobilization
initiation/ motivation
planning
implementation
monitoring/ evaluation
Flow chart

The Experimental Farm Network is organised as a Non-Profit Cooperative. It consists of a board of directors overseeing the the whole, and of employees. The EFN lives from donations and from the sale of seeds which are cultivated on kindly lent land.

The EFN has a website, experimentalfarmnetwork.org, on which researchers can create an account describe projects for which they want volunteers. Volunteers can also creat an account, on which they describe their soil and climatic conditions. Researchers can then contact volunteers and ask them for help. The work for the volunteer often involves growing recieved seeds and send back records about the growth, and send back seeds to the researcher. The volunteers and researcher can connect trough the website, but some work as well trough other networks like facebook.

Author: Stefan Graf
Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology

Decisions were taken by

  • land users alone (self-initiative)
  • mainly land users, supported by SLM specialists
  • all relevant actors, as part of a participatory approach
  • mainly SLM specialists, following consultation with land users
  • SLM specialists alone
  • politicians/ leaders

Decisions were made based on

  • evaluation of well-documented SLM knowledge (evidence-based decision-making)
  • research findings
  • personal experience and opinions (undocumented)

Technical support, capacity building, and knowledge management

The following activities or services have been part of the approach
Capacity building/ training
Training was provided to the following stakeholders
  • land users
  • field staff/ advisers
Form of training
  • on-the-job
  • farmer-to-farmer
  • demonstration areas
  • public meetings
  • courses
  • Support for the volunteers
Subjects covered

Depending on the crop grown, the researcher helps with information about how best to grow it.

Institution strengthening
Institutions have been strengthened / established
  • no
  • yes, a little
  • yes, moderately
  • yes, greatly
at the following level
  • local
  • regional
  • national
  • Online
Describe institution, roles and responsibilities, members, etc.
The online network was established within the approach.
Type of support
  • financial
  • capacity building/ training
  • equipment
Further details
Research
Research treated the following topics
  • sociology
  • economics / marketing
  • ecology
  • technology

Breeding is always research for better adapted crops or varieties.

Financing and external material support

Annual budget in USD for the SLM component
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 10000.0
Crowdsourcing was used in the beginning, now the sale of seeds is taking over in supporting the cooperative financially.
The following services or incentives have been provided to land users
  • Financial/ material support provided to land users
  • Subsidies for specific inputs
  • Credit
  • Other incentives or instruments
partly financed
fully financed
agricultural: seeds

Depending on the project, seeds are given and a return of the subsequent generation asked.

Labour by land users was

Impact analysis and concluding statements

Impacts of the Approach
No
Yes, little
Yes, moderately
Yes, greatly
Did the Approach empower local land users, improve stakeholder participation?

Did the Approach help land users to implement and maintain SLM Technologies?

Did the Approach build/ strengthen institutions, collaboration between stakeholders?

Did the Approach improve the capacity of the land users to adapt to climate changes/ extremes and mitigate climate related disasters?

Main motivation of land users to implement SLM
  • increased production
  • increased profit(ability), improved cost-benefit-ratio
  • reduced land degradation
  • reduced risk of disasters
  • reduced workload
  • payments/ subsidies
  • rules and regulations (fines)/ enforcement
  • prestige, social pressure/ social cohesion
  • affiliation to movement/ project/ group/ networks
  • environmental consciousness
  • customs and beliefs, morals
  • enhanced SLM knowledge and skills
  • aesthetic improvement
  • conflict mitigation
Sustainability of Approach activities
Can the land users sustain what hat been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?
  • no
  • yes
  • uncertain

Conclusions and lessons learnt

Strengths: land user's view
  • Allows farmers who are isolated on the countryside to have research projects together with others.
  • Allows a decentralized approach, in which the research can continue even if the initial researcher did not continue.
Strengths: compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
  • The transparency allows other projects to be inspired to do similar breeding projects.
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks: land user's viewhow to overcome
  • Some volunteers only take the seeds, and do not give back as promised. EFN wants to implement a rating system for volunteers, in a way that researchers can see if they are reliable.
  • Some people do not want to create an account in another social network. They can contact some researchers directly, and work without having an account. This requires more organisational work for the researchers, but is done by some.
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks: compiler’s or other key resource person’s viewhow to overcome
  • As an english speaking platform, it crosses many countries, while some seed regulation do not allow imports or translocations of genetic material due to the risks of disease transfer. Arrange the platform into countries where adequate.

References

Compiler
  • Stefan Graf
Editors
Reviewer
  • Alexandra Gavilano
Date of documentation: Nov. 9, 2018
Last update: Nov. 20, 2018
Resource persons
Full description in the WOCAT database
Linked SLM data
Documentation was faciliated by
Institution Project
Key references
  • Plant Breeding and Farmer Participation, Ceccarelli et al., 2009,ISBN 978-92-5-106382-8: http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1070e/i1070e00.htm
Links to relevant information which is available online
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International