Mulberry plants after it's plants are given to the silkworm and cocoon. (Sharmila Chimouriya (Kavre))

Mulberry cultivation for silkworm (Nepal)

Resham kiro ko lagi kimbukheti

Description

The plantation of mulberry plants which are alloewd to grow for the production of nutrient leaves for silkworm mulberry cultivation for silkworm.

After one year of plantation of mulberry plants. They are ready to be eaten by silkworm. Firstly,silkworm eggs must be stay between 25 to 30 degree celcius. In tray or petric disc. In this area silkworm are brought from khopasi silkworm industry. The larvae must be transfer to clean tray with fresh food. A time came in larveal stag when larvae eats huge amount of mulberry and grow more than 5 cm long . After enough eating, larvae raise their heads as it shows sign for cocoon formation. Then, the worm is kept in another circular bamboo which will make cocoon more uniform in shape and easier to collect silkworm by contracting secrets from from an opening under its mouth a steady stream of liquid silk coated with sericine which dardens on exposure. It takes about twenty-five days to form cocoon.

Purpose of the Technology: The main purpose of planting mulberry plant is for producing silkworm to increases economic condition of farmer.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: For over two years people have been implementing these technology.They took traning from the khopasi silkworm institution.They have get external inputs.While geting training,maintance has been carried out when the plants are not grown enough.While producing the silkworm (larva to coocon) maintaince is carried out as keeping them in clean environment without reaching another species around them.

Natural / human environment: The natural environment is tropical with temperature ranging from 20 to 25°C .The population density is sparse with the community relying heavily on agricultur

Location

Location: Kavre, Chamryang Besi, Nepal

No. of Technology sites analysed:

Geo-reference of selected sites
  • 85.56187, 27.61434

Spread of the Technology: evenly spread over an area (28.97 km²)

In a permanently protected area?:

Date of implementation: less than 10 years ago (recently)

Type of introduction

Classification of the Technology

Main purpose
  • improve production
  • reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
  • conserve ecosystem
  • protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
  • preserve/ improve biodiversity
  • reduce risk of disasters
  • adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
  • mitigate climate change and its impacts
  • create beneficial economic impact
  • create beneficial social impact
Land use

  • Cropland
    • Annual cropping: cereals - maize, vegetables - leafy vegetables (salads, cabbage, spinach, other), wheat
    • Perennial (non-woody) cropping: berries
    Number of growing seasons per year: 2
  • Grazing land
    • Cut-and-carry/ zero grazing
Water supply
  • rainfed
  • mixed rainfed-irrigated
  • full irrigation

Purpose related to land degradation
  • prevent land degradation
  • reduce land degradation
  • restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land
  • adapt to land degradation
  • not applicable
Degradation addressed
  • biological degradation - Bc: reduction of vegetation cover
SLM group
  • beekeeping, aquaculture, poultry, rabbit farming, silkworm farming, etc.
SLM measures
  • vegetative measures - V1: Tree and shrub cover

Technical drawing

Technical specifications

Establishment and maintenance: activities, inputs and costs

Calculation of inputs and costs
  • Costs are calculated:
  • Currency used for cost calculation: Nepalese rupee
  • Exchange rate (to USD): 1 USD = 103.0 Nepalese rupee
  • Average wage cost of hired labour per day: 200
Most important factors affecting the costs
The most determinate factor affectinfg the cost is labour for bringing plants Khopasi.
Establishment activities
  1. Bringing plants from Khopasi by men (Timing/ frequency: Early June)
  2. Planting plant (Timing/ frequency: None)
Establishment inputs and costs
Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit (Nepalese rupee) Total costs per input (Nepalese rupee) % of costs borne by land users
Labour
Bringing plants from Khopasi by men persons/day 8.0 200.0 1600.0 100.0
Planting plant persons/day 8.0 200.0 1600.0 100.0
Equipment
Machine use unit 1.0 150.0 150.0 100.0
Plant material
Plants pieces 400.0 0.35 140.0 100.0
Fertilizers and biocides
Compost unit 1.0 250.0 250.0 100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology 3'740.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD 36.31
Maintenance activities
  1. Bringing Silkworm in time of production (Timing/ frequency: Late April)
Maintenance inputs and costs
Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit (Nepalese rupee) Total costs per input (Nepalese rupee) % of costs borne by land users
Labour
Bringing Silkworm in time of production worms 2000.0 0.01 20.0 100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology 20.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD 0.19

Natural environment

Average annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Agro-climatic zone
  • humid
  • sub-humid
  • semi-arid
  • arid
Specifications on climate
Thermal climate class: subtropics
Slope
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitude
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Technology is applied in
  • convex situations
  • concave situations
  • not relevant
Soil depth
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil)
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
  • medium (loamy, silty)
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface)
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
  • medium (loamy, silty)
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Topsoil organic matter content
  • high (>3%)
  • medium (1-3%)
  • low (<1%)
Groundwater table
  • on surface
  • < 5 m
  • 5-50 m
  • > 50 m
Availability of surface water
  • excess
  • good
  • medium
  • poor/ none
Water quality (untreated)
  • good drinking water
  • poor drinking water (treatment required)
  • for agricultural use only (irrigation)
  • unusable
Water quality refers to:
Is salinity a problem?
  • Yes
  • No

Occurrence of flooding
  • Yes
  • No
Species diversity
  • high
  • medium
  • low
Habitat diversity
  • high
  • medium
  • low

Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Market orientation
  • subsistence (self-supply)
  • mixed (subsistence/ commercial)
  • commercial/ market
Off-farm income
  • less than 10% of all income
  • 10-50% of all income
  • > 50% of all income
Relative level of wealth
  • very poor
  • poor
  • average
  • rich
  • very rich
Level of mechanization
  • manual work
  • animal traction
  • mechanized/ motorized
Sedentary or nomadic
  • Sedentary
  • Semi-nomadic
  • Nomadic
Individuals or groups
  • individual/ household
  • groups/ community
  • cooperative
  • employee (company, government)
Gender
  • women
  • men
Age
  • children
  • youth
  • middle-aged
  • elderly
Area used per household
  • < 0.5 ha
  • 0.5-1 ha
  • 1-2 ha
  • 2-5 ha
  • 5-15 ha
  • 15-50 ha
  • 50-100 ha
  • 100-500 ha
  • 500-1,000 ha
  • 1,000-10,000 ha
  • > 10,000 ha
Scale
  • small-scale
  • medium-scale
  • large-scale
Land ownership
  • state
  • company
  • communal/ village
  • group
  • individual, not titled
  • individual, titled
Land use rights
  • open access (unorganized)
  • communal (organized)
  • leased
  • individual
Water use rights
  • open access (unorganized)
  • communal (organized)
  • leased
  • individual
Access to services and infrastructure
health

poor
x
good
education

poor
x
good
technical assistance

poor
x
good
employment (e.g. off-farm)

poor
x
good
drinking water and sanitation

poor
x
good
financial services

poor
x
good

Impacts

Socio-economic impacts
Crop production
decreased
x
increased

fodder production
decreased
x
increased

wood production
decreased
x
increased

farm income
decreased
x
increased

Socio-cultural impacts
cultural opportunities (eg spiritual, aesthetic, others)
reduced
x
improved

SLM/ land degradation knowledge
reduced
x
improved

Ecological impacts
water quality
decreased
x
increased

surface runoff
increased
x
decreased

soil cover
reduced
x
improved

soil loss
increased
x
decreased

nutrient cycling/ recharge
decreased
x
increased

soil organic matter/ below ground C
decreased
x
increased

Off-site impacts
damage on neighbours' fields
increased
x
reduced

Cost-benefit analysis

Benefits compared with establishment costs
Long-term returns
very negative
x
very positive

Benefits compared with maintenance costs
Short-term returns
very negative
x
very positive

Climate change

Gradual climate change
annual temperature increase

not well at all
x
very well

Adoption and adaptation

Percentage of land users in the area who have adopted the Technology
  • single cases/ experimental
  • 1-10%
  • 11-50%
  • > 50%
Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have done so without receiving material incentives?
  • 0-10%
  • 11-50%
  • 51-90%
  • 91-100%
Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?
  • Yes
  • No
To which changing conditions?
  • climatic change/ extremes
  • changing markets
  • labour availability (e.g. due to migration)

Conclusions and lessons learnt

Strengths: land user's view
  • Provide the facility of fodders for animals.
  • Waste product comes from the use as food for animals.
  • Increases water resources.
  • Waste product also serve as a good fertilizer.
  • Improve little economic status.
Strengths: compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
  • Increases the economic status of farmers.
  • Provide the facilities of fodders.
  • Decrease soil erosion
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks: land user's viewhow to overcome
  • Take more year for recovory of cost while planting the mulberry tree. Large no.of larva should be grown to get more money.
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks: compiler’s or other key resource person’s viewhow to overcome
  • Waste of time if larva of silkworm cannot grow properly. While keeping larva place should properly clean

References

Compiler
  • Sabita Aryal
Editors
Reviewer
  • David Streiff
  • Alexandra Gavilano
Date of documentation: Jan. 17, 2014
Last update: June 5, 2019
Resource persons
Full description in the WOCAT database
Linked SLM data
Documentation was faciliated by
Institution Project
Key references
  • village profile 2067:
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International