Approaches

Combating erosion, recovery and enhancement of degraded land and climate change adaptation (EKF Project) [Burkina Faso]

approaches_608 - Burkina Faso

Completeness: 92%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

Key resource person(s)

Senior Technical Advisor:

Boysen Ulrich

Ulrich.Boysen@giz.de

Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Gmbh

Ouagadougou; http://giz-pda.net/fr/changement-climatique-ekf

Burkina Faso

Project Manager:

Baumgart Martin

00226 / 64809226

Martin.Baumgart@afci.de

AFC / GOPA

Ouagadougou

Burkina Faso

Assistant Project Manager:

Mushinzimana Godihald

Godihald.Mushinzimana@afci.de

AFC / GOPA

Ouagadougou

Burkina Faso

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) - Germany

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

20/09/2016

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Reference(s) to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Technologies

Grass reseeding
technologies

Grass reseeding [Kenya]

Grass reseeding is a sustainable land management practice aimed at rehabilitating degraded pastures and providing livestock feed. This is mainly carried out with indigenous perennial grass species.

  • Compiler: Kevin Mganga
Anti erosion measures
technologies

Anti erosion measures [Burkina Faso]

Combining different measures such as stone rows, dikes and dams to stabilize and restore the soil and increase water infiltration. Trees alongside these structures allow an enhancement of these structural measures.

  • Compiler: Rebecka Ridder

2. Description of the SLM Approach

2.1 Short description of the Approach

The approach applied in this project is an integrated and multi-stakeholder approach in the South West of Burkina Faso, based on watershed management and sustainable land management with a strong emphasis on local participation. It carries out physical and biological measures against erosion, adaptation to climate change and various activities of capacity building.

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

The actions implemented by the project are oriented towards capacity building in climate change adaptation, support in communal work and the restoration of degraded land. The specific objectives are:

1) Reduce by 50% the damages caused by extreme weather (heavy rain, drought) on the production bases (soil, water) over a total area of 20.000 hectares
2) Reduce by 30% the period of hunger in 7.500 households
3) Increase by 30% the income of 60.000 farmers, of which 60% are to be women

The areas of work are:

• Watershed Management
In 6 watersheds, the project works towards a recovery of degraded lands through the construction of physical structures such as contour stone bunds, rock dams and rock dikes and the treatment of gully erosion. Working groups are brought into life for the construction of these structures and for maintenance works. Another field of work is awareness raising on issues such as child labour and HIV / AIDS.

• Agroforestry and support of agricultural production
The use of organic manure and improved seeds is promoted and three rainwater collection basins have been constructed. In addition, this component includes trainings on assisted natural regeneration, controlled land clearing and the fight against bushfires. Demonstration plots have been established for various technologies and innovations (use of organic fertilizer and pesticides, improved seeds or micro-dose).

• Capacity building in the field of communal work and climate change adaptation
Climate change, and all its dimensions, are integrated into municipal planning processes. In addition, the project trains public officials in climate change adaptation.

So far, the project was able to recover 12.709 hectares of degraded land, plant more than 150.000 trees and train more than 80.000 people on climate change.

Among the stakeholders are, for example, the municipalities, public service providers (such as technical councils) and private service providers( such as topographers, theatre groups or seed suppliers). Another group of stakeholders comprises land users, local land chiefs and municipal advisors.
In general, the project is highly appreciated by the population. Contributing factors are for example the training of stakeholders and the monitoring of their activities, the support through remuneration, and the direct learning approach.

For more information, see http://giz-pda.net/fr/changement-climatique-ekf

Contact information:
Senior Technical Advisor: Ulrich Boysen, ulrich.boysen@giz.de
Project Manager: Martin Baumgart, martin.baumgart@afci.de
Assistant Project Manager: Godihald Mushinzimana, godihald.mushinzimana@afci.de

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

Country:

Burkina Faso

Region/ State/ Province:

Sud Ouest

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

Indicate year of initiation:

2013

2.7 Type of Approach

  • project/ programme based

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

In the southwest of Burkina Faso, population growth and bad practices have led to a sharp deterioration of agricultural land that is enhanced by the effects of climate change. 89% of the local population directly depends on agriculture and the poor ability to adapt to climate change makes them more vulnerable.
Therefore, the project's main objective is to improve the capacities of climate change adaptation. This requires among other things the restoration of 20.000 hectares of degraded land until 2019. This should be achieved through a combination of physical structures, such as the realization of anti-erosion structures and biological measures such as revegetation and agroforestry. These actions are accompanied by capacity building activities on agricultural practices, adaptation to climate change and transfer of knowledge through service providers for the benefit of municipalities and households.
The most important practices:
• Soil stabilization with stone barriers and revegetation using native species
• Conservation of water and soil by promoting agroforestry, the use of manure pits for composting, improved seeds, application of micro dosing, assisted natural regeneration (ANR) and the production and application of bio-pesticides. In all these areas, land users are trained. Special emphasis is put on increasing households' incomes and promoting agricultural entrepreneurship.
• Many of the activities aim at the inclusion of women to increase their farm income.
• Rainwater collection techniques through rainwater harvesting and micro dosing (so far, the project has installed three rainwater collection basins with micro-dosing technologies.
• Production of Moringa Oleifera
• And finally, the large-scale awareness: More than 80.000 people have been sensitized on cross-cutting issues such as climate change, HIV / AIDS, child labour and gender through the Forum Theatre.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

social/ cultural/ religious norms and values
  • enabling

The local population is open to innvation.

availability/ access to financial resources and services
  • hindering

Lack of capital hinders land users to invest in agriculture. Group work must be encouraged.

institutional setting
  • enabling

The partnership with the municipalities enables community mobilisation.
The partnership with technical advisory staff (in agriculture and environment) is essential for the follow-up of the construction and for offering extension services to land users.

collaboration/ coordination of actors
  • enabling

Municipal staff and customary leaders like the land chiefs are collaborating with the project.

legal framework (land tenure, land and water use rights)
  • enabling

Land management is always granted to the land owner after the construction of the anti-erosion works which help to increase their willingness to participate.

policies
  • enabling

Climate change adaptation is a priority to the Burkinabe State (Existence of a national adaptation strategy)

knowledge about SLM, access to technical support
  • hindering

Lack of knowledge about sustainable land management.

markets (to purchase inputs, sell products) and prices
  • hindering

Agricultural inputs (fertilizer etc.) are often unavailable or too expensive.

workload, availability of manpower
  • enabling

Work force in general is available.

  • hindering

Work loads are high, especially for the building of anti-erosion structures.

3. Participation and roles of stakeholders involved

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

  • local land users/ local communities

Land users, farmer organisations, municipalities (Dano, Dissin, Guéguéré, Koper, Legmoin and Oronkua)

They form the working groups and carry out the construction of the physical structures as well as the planting of trees.

  • community-based organizations

Boards of village development

Community mobilisation

  • SLM specialists/ agricultural advisers

DGAHDI (Direction générale des aménagements hydrauliques et du Développement de l’irrigation)
Regional boards of environment and agriculture

Advisory support to the project
Technical evaluation for the project and extension for land users

  • researchers

INERA (Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research):

Research institutions contribute with data and INERA specifically provides information on soils as well as on impoved seeds

  • teachers/ school children/ students

CAP Matourkou (Centre Agricole Polyvalent de Matourkou) and students towards the end of their degrees

Evaluation of socio-economic effects and data collection as part of internships/theses

  • NGO

Dreyer Foundation

Promotion of agroforestery and Moringa Oleifera

  • private sector

Tree nurseries
Local transport companies

Local tree nurseries and transporters are invited to participate in the project for the transport of stones and for the production of agroforestery plants

  • local government

High Commissioner and prefecture
Municipalities

Organisation of meetings

  • national government (planners, decision-makers)

Ministry of Agriculture

Umbrella organisation of project

  • international organization

WASCAL (West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use)

Provision of meteorological data

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach
Involvement of local land users/ local communities Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation interactive Municipalities, land chiefs and village development committees : community mobilisation
planning interactive Working groups : establish campaign objectives; Municipalities: funding requests and granting of local subsidies
implementation external support Working groups: construction of anti-erosion measures and planting of trees
monitoring/ evaluation interactive Working groups: technical inspection of anti-erosion measures; Municipalities: official approval

3.3 Flow chart (if available)

Description:

The project is implemented by the "Programme Developpement de l'Agriculture (PDA)" of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and executed by AFC Consulting International for the period 2013 to 2019. It is funded by the German Fund for Energy and Climate (EKF) on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Collaborative protocols exist for the implementation and monitoring of activities between the Regional Directorate of Agriculture, the Regional Directorate of Environment and the EKF project.
Several international, regional and local actors are involved in this project. They are:

• MAAH
The Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources, Sanitation and Food Safety (MAAH) provides supervision primarily through the General Directorate of Landscaping and Irrigation (DGADI) and the General Directorate General of promoting the Rural Economy (DGPER).

• PDA
The EKF project is part of the PDA (Programme Développement de l'Agriculture), implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). The PDA has set up a monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the project's activities.

• AFC-GOPA
AFC-GOPA implements the project on behalf of GIZ. It has set up a management team based in Ouagadougou and an implementation team based in Diébougou, with four components: Watershed Management, Capacity Building in climate change adaptation, Support of communcal work and lastly Agroforestry and support of agricultural production.

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:
  • mainly SLM specialists, following consultation with land users
Explain:

Consensus, discussions in work shops at village level

Specify on what basis decisions were made:
  • research findings
  • personal experience and opinions (undocumented)

4. Technical support, capacity building, and knowledge management

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Yes

Specify who was trained:
  • land users
  • field staff/ advisers
Form of training:
  • on-the-job
  • farmer-to-farmer
  • demonstration areas
  • public meetings
Subjects covered:

- Construction of the anti erosion structures (stone bunds, dams and dikes, measures against gully erosion)
- Agroforestery and composting
- Plant production in tree nurseries
- Agricultural use of meteorological data
- Production of improved seeds
- Production and use of plant-based pesticides / herbicides

Comments:

In order to develop a local knowledge base, 1.770 land users have been trained in the construction of anti-erosion structures, 360 in agroforestery, 20 in the production of trees in tree nurseries , 30 in the use of meteorological data in agriculture, 90 in the production of impoved seeds and 48 in the production of plant-based pesticides.

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:
  • on land users' fields
Describe/ comments:

Assistance is offered on different construction techniques for anti-erosive structures. Other subjects are:

• Capacity-building and awareness-raising on climate change and SLM
• Assistance on Assisted Natural Regeneration, Control of Bush Fires
• Assistance and training of farmers on the production of organic fertilizers and improved seeds

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?
  • yes, moderately
Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:
  • local
Describe institution, roles and responsibilities, members, etc.

- Municipalities: Capacity building with regard to community work in climate change adaptation
- Working groups: Groups carry out the collection of material for the stone rows and the construction of these measures, as well as planting the trees. Groups receive a training prior to these activities.

Specify type of support:
  • financial
  • capacity building/ training
  • equipment

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

Comments:

Monitoring and Evaluation is guaranteed through GIZ procedures and methods.

If yes, is this documentation intended to be used for monitoring and evaluation?

No

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Yes

Specify topics:
  • sociology
  • economics / marketing
  • ecology
  • technology
Give further details and indicate who did the research:

Students towards the end of their studies can write their final papers about the project. The topics are broad and include, for example:
- Evaluating the climate change adaptation measures ,
- Assessing the role agroforestry with regard to climate change mitigation ,
- Assessing the projects' activities regarding improved soil fertility and agricultural production
- Studying communal forests in the south-west of Burkina Faso.

The results of this study show that:

- The majority of land users operate on small areas between 0.5 and 6 hectares,
- Agricultural land is degraded and land pressure is considerably high,
- The main cause of land degradation is water erosion combined with poor agricultural practices,
- Sustainable land management practices are developed and applied locally, such as direct seeding with little tillage, crop association, crop rotation, stone lines, use of organic fertilizer, planting of trees.
- The projetc's operating costs on one hectare of formerly degraded land are F CFA 156,000, i.e. € 238

5. Financing and external material support

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:
  • 100,000-1,000,000
Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

The project funds come from the German Cooperation.

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

Yes

If yes, specify type(s) of support, conditions, and provider(s):

The members of the working group are equipped and paid for their work. The producers of organic manure are equipped to realize their tasks.

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

  • labour
To which extent Specify subsidies
fully financed
  • equipment
Specify which inputs were subsidised To which extent Specify subsidies
machinery fully financed The project incurs the costs for machinery and the construction of structural measures as well as transportation costs.
tools fully financed
  • agricultural
Specify which inputs were subsidised To which extent Specify subsidies
seeds fully financed Seeds and seedlings are paid for by the project initially. Land users learn how to self-propagate seeds and seedlings.
  • construction
Specify which inputs were subsidised To which extent Specify subsidies
stone fully financed
If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:
  • paid in cash

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

5.5 Other incentives or instruments

Were other incentives or instruments used to promote implementation of SLM Technologies?

No

6. Impact analysis and concluding statements

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

Did the Approach help land users to implement and maintain SLM Technologies?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

The project has helped strengthen the capacities of municipalities through trainings on municipal project management (with regard to sustainable land management and climate change), trainings of working group members and of agricultural extension agents and through the forum theaters.

Did the Approach improve knowledge and capacities of land users to implement SLM?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Sustainable land management and its respective activities will be continued even when the project is finished, as working groups are trained and respective policies are put into place on community level.

Did the Approach improve knowledge and capacities of other stakeholders?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Municipal staff carries out the tasks to ensure the maintance of the structural measures.

Municipalities work together with extension services. After training, the municipal staff can integrate aspects of sustainable land management in their budget and planning.

Did the Approach lead to improved food security/ improved nutrition?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Additional agricultural production covers the nutritional needs of 12.451 persons (7.41% of the population in the intervention zone and 2% of the population in Burkina's South East). This will reduce the hunger period by 26 days in the six municipalities (or by 7 days on national scale) and reduce state imports by 283.901.760 F CFA.

6.2 Main motivation of land users to implement SLM

  • increased production

The project's activities increase the agricultural area as well as yield/ha by up to 81%.

  • reduced land degradation

The implementation of structural, vegetative and agronomic measures leads to a reduction of land degradation. Certain species that indicate increased soil fertility have appeared, such as Andropogon and Commelina benghalensis. In addition, formerly abandoned land is now used by land users and higher overall yields are obtained.

  • payments/ subsidies

The members of the working groups use their income from the activities for:
- purchasing food inthe hunger periods
- clothes
- paying school fees
- pay for agricultural equipment
- medical payments
- housing

  • enhanced SLM knowledge and skills

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?
  • yes
If yes, describe how:

The activities aim to create a local knowledge system. The anti-erosion measures (physical structures and planted trees) and other climate change adaptation measures can be put in place individually. Furthermore, the provided materiel ensures independent follow ups and maintenance works.

A follow up on municipal level is achieved through the training of public and private personnel in terms of climate change, adaptation strategies and communal work.

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Improvement of agricultural extension and contact to extension services
Decrease of land degradation / land loss
Increase in agricultural yields
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
The project improves, in general, the food security of rural populations, it adapts the local food system to climate change and it mitigates greenhouse gas emissions.
Genuine community participation is achieved with this approach. The participatory approach takes into account the needs, views and expertise of the land user. The approach can be adapted to current state of land degradation
Awareness raising for environmental issues and the importance of sustainable land management among the local population.
The approach may positively influence migration patterns.

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view How can they be overcome?
Reproduction of the approach is difficult, when the material (especially stones) is unavailable. Involvement of extension services at village and regional level to replicate the technology in everyday life

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

  • field visits, field surveys
  • interviews with land users
  • interviews with SLM specialists/ experts
  • compilation from reports and other existing documentation

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