Technologies

Orchard Rehabilitation [China]

Longan Rehabilitation

technologies_981 - China

Completeness: 61%

1. General information

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches (documented using WOCAT)

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Contour terrace protection with front bank and three ditches in orchard rehabilitation.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

There is sufficient rainfall in this area and runoff often destroys the existing terraces causing much cost for maintaining. Sluice system on the terraces is important. This technology of the contour terrace protection is to build front bank and three ditches on terraces in order to solve this problem. The method is that building front bank on a terrace edge and digging a ditch on the back terrace as well as digging a ditch upright the terrace along a relatively low rill to induct overflow out.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

China

Region/ State/ Province:

Fujian

Specify the spread of the Technology:
  • evenly spread over an area
If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, specify area covered (in km2):

2.0

If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:
  • 1-10 km2
Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 2 km2.

This is a experimental and demonstrating area for applying the "Three Ditches on Terrace" technology.

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:
  • more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:
  • through projects/ external interventions
Comments (type of project, etc.):

Experiences from the farmers' over years practice.

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Cropland

Cropland

  • Annual cropping
  • Perennial (non-woody) cropping
  • Tree and shrub cropping
Annual cropping - Specify crops:
  • oilseed crops - groundnuts
  • root/tuber crops - sweet potatoes, yams, taro/cocoyam, other
  • rice
Tree and shrub cropping - Specify crops:
  • fruits, other
Number of growing seasons per year:
  • 2
Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 365Longest growing period from month to month: Jan - Dec

Comments:

Main crops: perennial fruit trees. Rice-peanut-sweat potato etc.

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Lack of scientific planning, irrational development of the hilly and mountain areas causing serious soil loss and land degradation as well as yield decrease.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Low yield and much more input (fertilizer, pesticides etc.) needed to obtain the same production.

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:
  • mixed rainfed-irrigated
Comments:

Water supply also rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

  • cross-slope measure

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

vegetative measures

vegetative measures

  • V1: Tree and shrub cover
Comments:

Type of agronomic measures: mulching, contour tillage

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

soil erosion by water

  • Wt: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion
chemical soil deterioration

chemical soil deterioration

  • Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)
Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify, education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

Secondary causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes), poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:
  • reduce land degradation

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, Control / improvement of drainage

Secondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, improvement of ground cover

Mulching
Material/ species: peanut and legume crop
Quantity/ density: 30 /m2
Remarks: layout

Contour tillage
Material/ species: layout

Fruit trees / shrubs species: longan trees

Perennial crops species: peanut

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 30.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 2.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 25.00%

Construction material (earth): easy to get, simple techniques, low prices, short life

Construction material (stone): trong enough, long life, and easy to construct

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 15.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 0.00%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 60.00%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:60.00

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify currency used for cost calculations:
  • USD
Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

3.00

4.3 Establishment activities

Activity Timing (season)
1. plant the fruit trees spring
2. peanut spring
3. flower and grass spring
4. digging drainage ditch spring
5. constructing front bank spring
6. building contour terrace spring

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 72 month(s)

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

Activity Timing/ frequency
1. cultivation dry and raining season / 2 times a year
2. harvest summer and fall / 2 times a year
3. irrigation spring /timely
4. control of pest and disease spring /growing season
5. fertilization spring /twice a year
6. weeding spring /twice a year
7. maintaining the drainage ditch free time/
8. maintaining the front bank free time/

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Comments:

Area of the terraces.

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Terrace sizes such as length, width, height etc.

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Agro-climatic zone
  • humid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms:
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitudinal zone:
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:
  • not relevant
Comments and further specifications on topography:

slopes on average also steep

land forms also mountain slopes.

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil):
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Topsoil organic matter:
  • medium (1-3%)
  • low (<1%)
If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

soil fertility is medium, low is ranked second highest and high is ranked as lowest.

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium - poor

Soil water storage capacity is medium - low

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Off-farm income:
  • 10-50% of all income
Relative level of wealth:
  • average
  • rich
Level of mechanization:
  • animal traction
  • mechanized/ motorized
Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

20% of the land users are rich and own 30% of the land.
80% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Additional income increased from fruit trees and cash crops planted in the SWC area.

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:
  • state
Land use rights:
  • individual
Water use rights:
  • individual

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

surface runoff

increased
decreased
Quantity before SLM:

35

Quantity after SLM:

20

Soil

soil loss

increased
decreased
Quantity before SLM:

15

Quantity after SLM:

5

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?
Short-term returns:

slightly negative

Long-term returns:

very positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?
Short-term returns:

neutral/ balanced

Long-term returns:

very positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

  • > 50%
If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

43 households and 100 % of the area covered

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?
  • 51-90%
Comments:

65% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

27 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

35% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

16 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: More and more farmers are getting to know that the SWC technology can produce benefits.

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

Links and modules

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