Technologies

Non Labour [France]

technologies_3164 - France

Completeness: 80%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

land user:
Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Interactive Soil Quality assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural productivity and Environmental Resilience (EU-iSQAPER)

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

C'est travailler le sol sans retournement sur tout ou une partie des parcelles de l'exploitation avec pour objectif l'abandon de la charrue.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

1. Le non-labour est appliqué sur des parcelles cultivés en céréales. climat océanique dans un paysage semi-bocager, sol de qualité bonne à moyenne. Moyens opérationnels agricoles bons et accessibles pour les agriculteurs.
2. Les principales caractéristiques du non-labour sont
- l'absence du passage de la charrue
- la préparation de la terre se faisant par une utilisation d'un désherbant chimique type Glyphosate
3. L'objectif du non-labour est de réduire le travail du sol mécanique et le trafic sur les parcelles.
4. Pour mettre en place une culture sans labour, ici nous allons prendre l'exemple de la culture du maïs, il faut plusieurs étapes:
-Déchaumage
-Désherbage
-travail profond (outils à dents)
-travail superficiel
-semis
Il n'y a donc pas d'étape de labour à la charrue et de décompactage.
5. Les avantages du non labour ainsi que leurs impacts sont:
>Avantage environnemental, amélioration de la valeur agronomique du sol
- réduction de l'érosion
- limitation de la battance
- amélioration de la structure
- augmentation de la porosité et meilleure pénétration de l'eau dans le sol
- amélioration de l'activité biologique
- amélioration de la portance
> Avantage économique
- Gain de temps: l'agriculteur gagne du temps plus qu'il ne passe pas la charrue
- Réduction des charges de mécanisation: moins de temps de travail à l'hectare, donc moins de consommation de fuel

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

France

Region/ State/ Province:

Bretagne/France/Ille et Vilaine

Further specification of location:

Argentré du Plessis

Specify the spread of the Technology:
  • evenly spread over an area
If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:
  • 1-10 km2

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:
  • less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:
  • through land users' innovation
  • during experiments/ research
Comments (type of project, etc.):

suite à des travaux de recherches sur le non travail du sol plusieurs groupes d'agriculteurs français se portent vers cette nouvelle technique de culture.

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

  • improve production
  • reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
  • create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Cropland

Cropland

  • Annual cropping
Annual cropping - Specify crops:
  • cereals - maize
  • blé
Number of growing seasons per year:
  • 1

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:
  • rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

  • minimal soil disturbance

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

agronomic measures

  • A1: Vegetation/ soil cover
  • A3: Soil surface treatment

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

soil erosion by water

  • Wt: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion
physical soil deterioration

physical soil deterioration

  • Pc: compaction
  • Pk: slaking and crusting
  • Ps: subsidence of organic soils, settling of soil

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:
  • prevent land degradation

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Le déchaumeur est utilisé pour détruire les résidus de la culture précédente et pour faire une travail superficiel du sol permettant de nouveau un semis. Il remplace le labour effectué avec une charrue et permet de rester sur un travail en surface en respectant ainsi les différents horizons du sol.

Author:

Déchaumeur à disques

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:
  • per Technology area
Indicate size and area unit:

1 hectare

other/ national currency (specify):

Euro

Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

115

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

Activity Timing/ frequency
1. semis direct 1 X par an
2. traitement destructif du couvert végétal 1 x par an
3. enfouissement superficiel du couvert végétal 1 X par an

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

en fonction du "salissement" de la parcelle, nous pouvons être amené à effectué des passages supplémentaires de déchaumeur. chaque passage coute 25€/ha environ

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

650.00

Specifications/ comments on rainfall:

faible pluie estivale

Agro-climatic zone
  • sub-humid

Climat océanique influé par le Gulf Stream , climat tempéré, avec un hiver doux et un été chaud.

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms:
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitudinal zone:
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:
  • not relevant
Comments and further specifications on topography:

climat océanique influencé par le gulf stream hivers doux et été pluvieux

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil):
  • medium (loamy, silty)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):
  • medium (loamy, silty)
Topsoil organic matter:
  • medium (1-3%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

on surface

Availability of surface water:

medium

Water quality (untreated):

good drinking water

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:
  • medium
Habitat diversity:
  • medium

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:
  • Sedentary
Market orientation of production system:
  • mixed (subsistence/ commercial)
Off-farm income:
  • less than 10% of all income
Relative level of wealth:
  • average
Individuals or groups:
  • individual/ household
Level of mechanization:
  • mechanized/ motorized
Gender:
  • women
  • men
Age of land users:
  • middle-aged

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

  • < 0.5 ha
  • 0.5-1 ha
  • 1-2 ha
  • 2-5 ha
  • 5-15 ha
  • 15-50 ha
  • 50-100 ha
  • 100-500 ha
  • 500-1,000 ha
  • 1,000-10,000 ha
  • > 10,000 ha
Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?
  • small-scale

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:
  • individual, titled
Land use rights:
  • leased
Water use rights:
  • communal (organized)
  • individual

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
education:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
technical assistance:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
employment (e.g. off-farm):
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
markets:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
energy:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
roads and transport:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
drinking water and sanitation:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
financial services:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-cultural impacts

conflit lié à l'utilisation du glyphosate dans cette pratique

Ecological impacts

Soil

soil moisture

decreased
increased
Comments/ specify:

limitation du dessèchement du sol du fait d'une meilleur couverture

soil cover

reduced
improved
Quantity before SLM:

80% sol couvert

Quantity after SLM:

100% sol couvert

soil loss

increased
decreased

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

groundwater/ river pollution

increased
reduced
Quantity before SLM:

qté glyphosate +

Quantity after SLM:

qté glyphosate ++

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?
Short-term returns:

neutral/ balanced

Long-term returns:

slightly positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?
Short-term returns:

neutral/ balanced

Long-term returns:

slightly positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

  • 1-10%
Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?
  • 0-10%
Comments:

cette démarche est liée à l'innovation et la volonté des agriculteurs. elle ne fait pas l'objet d'incitation financière de l'état ou de la PAC.

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Yes

other (specify):

refus du glyphosate de la part des consommateurs

Specify adaptation of the Technology (design, material/ species, etc.):

privilégier l'enfouissement des couverts végétaux plutot que la destruction par le glyphosate.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
moins de passage d'outils dans les champs
amélioration de la structure et de la vie des sols
moins de temps de travail
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
amélioration de la structure et de la vie des sols.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view How can they be overcome?
utilisation de produits phytosanitaires pour la destruction des couverts enfouissement des couverts végétaux
pas adapté à tous les types de sol adapter la pratique aux zones pédoclimatiques qui le permettent
difficile en agriculture biologique mener des recherches sur la pratique en bio pour limiter l'impact des adventices et ravageurs des cultures.
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view How can they be overcome?
-
-

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

  • field visits, field surveys

2

  • interviews with land users

2

  • compilation from reports and other existing documentation

2

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

18/10/2016

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

Dépliant PDF "Réussir le passage au non-labour"

URL:

http://www.terresinovia.fr/uploads/tx_cetiomlists/depliant_nonlabour_midipyr.pdf

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