Monitoring the state condition of pastures.
The monitoring of pastures is one of the powers of the Pasture Committee; It serves as a basis for developing a pasture use plan. This is a new task for the Pasture Committees, which requires specialized knowledge. Therefore, a simple method for evaluating pasture condition was developed:
1. Select an area on which the yield will be determined (place the prepared frame with an area of 1m2), specify the position coordinates (control points) of the selected area on the map using GPS.
2. Indicate the name of the area and information on the condition of the pasture area (erosion, salinization, etc.).
3. Photograph the area, which allows for a visual comparison of the vegetation development during the year.
4. Assess the vegetation cover inside the frame and measure the height of the vegetation with a ruler. Identify the types of plants in the square and divide them into palatable and non-palatable. Arrange the plants in the pouches, write notes about the place of withdrawal of the plant and indicate the date of withdrawal (use a pencil).
5. Determine the yield of the studied forage lands with the cut-sample method: the grass is mowed on 1 m2 (with a 5-fold repeatability). The cutting height should be 7-8 cm for hay, 4-6 cm for short grass pastures, and 6-7 cm for tall grass pastures. Move the frame consistently 5m diagonally from the corner of each control point.
6. Weigh the sample in raw condition and after drying and divide into palatable and non-palatable.
7. Calculate the yield for each type of pasture.
(in the frame of CACILM)
Purpose of the Technology: This approach enables a timely detection of changes in the condition and productivity of pastures under the influence of both anthropogenic and climatic factors. It also facilitates an assessment of such changes, in order to prevent and eliminate negative processes of pasture degradation.
Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Specialists from CAMP Alatoo together with Kyrgyz Designing Institute on Land Management “Kyrgyzgiprozem”.developed a farmer's method to assess the productivity of pastures and conducted a training seminar on "Monitoring of pastures". Currently, each ayil okrug (A/O, aiyl okrug is an administrative and territorial unit consists of a group of villages, which has a local self-government) of the pilot area has a person responsible for the monitoring of pastures. The obtained data are updated, compared and linked to weather conditions (temperature, precipitation).
Natural / human environment: Naryn province is located at an altitude of 1800-4500 above sea level. Annual precipitation - 200-500 mm in summer (April-October) and 100-200 mm in winter (November-March). The population is traditionally involved in animal husbandry. The pasture vegetation is rich in diversity. Different altitudinal belts, the variety of climatic conditions and the exclusivity of the regional geographic areas determine the diversity of pasture vegetation and hay harvest. They differ from each other according to content and grass composition, as well as yield and forage quality.
Further specification of location:
Specify the spread of the Technology:
- evenly spread over an area
If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:
Comments:
This technology serves 90,688 ha of spring / autumn pastures and 85,752 ha of summer pastures.
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This is a new task for the Pasture Committees, which requires specialized knowledge. Therefore, a simple method for evaluating pasture condition was developed: \r\n1. Select an area on which the yield will be determined (place the prepared frame with an area of 1m2), specify the position coordinates (control points) of the selected area on the map using GPS. \r\n2. Indicate the name of the area and information on the condition of the pasture area (erosion, salinization, etc.). \r\n3. Photograph the area, which allows for a visual comparison of the vegetation development during the year. \r\n4. Assess the vegetation cover inside the frame and measure the height of the vegetation with a ruler. Identify the types of plants in the square and divide them into palatable and non-palatable. Arrange the plants in the pouches, write notes about the place of withdrawal of the plant and indicate the date of withdrawal (use a pencil). \r\n5. Determine the yield of the studied forage lands with the cut-sample method: the grass is mowed on 1 m2 (with a 5-fold repeatability). The cutting height should be 7-8 cm for hay, 4-6 cm for short grass pastures, and 6-7 cm for tall grass pastures. Move the frame consistently 5m diagonally from the corner of each control point. \r\n6. Weigh the sample in raw condition and after drying and divide into palatable and non-palatable. \r\n7. Calculate the yield for each type of pasture.\r\n(in the frame of CACILM)\r\n\r\nPurpose of the Technology: This approach enables a timely detection of changes in the condition and productivity of pastures under the influence of both anthropogenic and climatic factors. It also facilitates an assessment of such changes, in order to prevent and eliminate negative processes of pasture degradation.\r\n\r\nEstablishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Specialists from CAMP Alatoo together with Kyrgyz Designing Institute on Land Management \u201cKyrgyzgiprozem\u201d.developed a farmer's method to assess the productivity of pastures and conducted a training seminar on \"Monitoring of pastures\". Currently, each ayil okrug (A/O, aiyl okrug is an administrative and territorial unit consists of a group of villages, which has a local self-government) of the pilot area has a person responsible for the monitoring of pastures. The obtained data are updated, compared and linked to weather conditions (temperature, precipitation).\r\n\r\nNatural / human environment: Naryn province is located at an altitude of 1800-4500 above sea level. Annual precipitation - 200-500 mm in summer (April-October) and 100-200 mm in winter (November-March). The population is traditionally involved in animal husbandry. The pasture vegetation is rich in diversity. Different altitudinal belts, the variety of climatic conditions and the exclusivity of the regional geographic areas determine the diversity of pasture vegetation and hay harvest. They differ from each other according to content and grass composition, as well as yield and forage quality.", "ru": "\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 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Since 2009, there has being introduced the farm method to assess the state of pastures."}}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_degradation"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Major land use problems (compiler\u2019s opinion): A lack of funding for pasture monitoring, which was implemented by the Kyrgyzgiprozem Institute, led to the fact that the condition of pastures had not been assessed in the past 20 years. Respectively, no adequate measures to prevent the degradation were taken. - Pasture committees are not able to conduct the pasture monitoring, even though the responsibility for it has been attributed to the Pasture committees according to the Law \"On Pastures\"; - The use of the described technology will enable an adequate assessment of pastures and taking measure to prevent the degradation of pasture ecosystems (expert's point of view).\r\n\r\nSemi-nomadism / pastoralism: In summer are moved to high pastures. In autumn after the harvest, the fields are used for pasture.\r\n\r\nConstraints of mines and extractive industries\r\n\r\nConstraints of recreation\r\n\r\nLivestock density: 25-50 LU /km2", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f): - \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u041a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 20 \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0430\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \r\n- \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u041a\u0420 \u00ab\u041e \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0445\u00bb;\r\n- \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c.\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435/ \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435: \u041b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430.\r\n\r\n\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435: (\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e-\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e-\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435): \u041e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430.\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438: 10-25 \u0423\u0413/\u043a\u043c2"}}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_management"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland", "tech_lu_grazingland"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_growing_seasons": "growing_season_1", "tech_growing_seasons_specify": {"en": "Longest growing period in days: 150; Longest growing period from month to month: From May to September", "ru": "\u0412\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 (\u0434\u043d\u0438): 159. \u0412\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430\u043c: \u041c\u0430\u0439-\u0421\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c"}}], "tech_qg_11": [{"tech_lu_grazingland_extensive": ["tech_lu_grazingland_pastoralism"]}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_rainfed"}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_pastoralism"]}], "tech_qg_24": [{"tech_measures_management_sub": ["measures_management_m2", "measures_management_m3"]}], "tech_qg_26": [{"tech_measures_comments": {"en": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435"}}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_biological"]}], "tech_qg_32": [{"degradation_biological_sub": ["degradation_bc", "degradation_bq", "degradation_bs"]}], "tech_qg_34": [{"degradation_comments": {"en": "Main causes of degradation: population pressure (The intensive use of available pasture has led to the their greatest degradation.)\r\n\r\nSecondary causes of degradation: soil management (There were no persons responsible for pasture management, and if they were, they did not perform their functions.), overgrazing (The increase in the number of livestock has led to degradation of pastures.), change in temperature (Climate change (a decrease in rainfall in the growing season and increase in temperature) also affect the condition of pastures.)", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0411\u0440 (Bc): \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0411\u043a (Bq): \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 / \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u0411\u0432 (Bs): \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 /\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0441 (\u0423\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043a \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449), \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c (\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043a \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438)\r\n\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0439 (\u041d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438), \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b (\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b) \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449)"}}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_prevent_ld", "intervention_reduce_ld"], "tech_prevention_comments": {"en": "Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, mitigation / reduction of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land", "ru": "\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438: \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f / \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 / \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c"}}], "tech_qg_37": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "piece", "ru": "\u0448\u0442"}, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Camera", "ru": "\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "piece", "ru": "\u0448\u0442"}, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "GPS", "ru": "GPS"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "piece", "ru": "\u0448\u0442"}, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Horse", "ru": "\u041b\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0434\u044c"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "piece", "ru": "\u0448\u0442"}, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Compass", "ru": "\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u0441"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "spring", "ru": "\u0412\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Pasture Committee assesses spring pastures (90688 ha) at 22 monitoring points", "ru": "\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 (90688\u0433\u0430) \u043d\u0430 22 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "summer", "ru": "\u041b\u0435\u0442\u043e"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Pasture Committee assesses summer pastures (85752 ha) at 31 monitoring points", "ru": "\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 (85752 \u0433\u0430) \u043d\u0430 31 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "autumm", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Pasture Committee assesses autumn pastures (90688) at 22 monitoring points", "ru": "\u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 (90688) \u043d\u0430 22 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c"}}, {"tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Calculation of yield and capacity of pastures using 305 weightings", "ru": "\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e 305 \u0432\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439"}}, {"tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Amendment of the pasture capacity maps (100 plots of pasture).", "ru": "\u0412\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 (100 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449)"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "person days", "ru": "\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a/\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c"}, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Assessment of spring pastures", "ru": "\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 22.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 50.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "person days", "ru": "\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a/\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c"}, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Assessment of summer pastures", "ru": "\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 31.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 50.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "person days", "ru": "\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a/\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c"}, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Assessment of autumn pastures", "ru": "\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 22.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 50.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "person days", "ru": "\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a/\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c"}, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Calculation of yield and capacity of pastures using 305 weightings", "ru": "\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e 305 \u0432\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 10.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 20.0}], "tech_qg_49": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "Person days", "ru": "\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435/\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c"}, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Labour: Amendment of the pasture capacity maps (100 plots of pasture)", "ru": "\u0412\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 (100 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449)"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 10.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 20.0}], "tech_qg_52": [{"tech_input_maint_comments": {"en": "Machinery/ tools: Transport (horse is possible), 5 m long rope, bags for plants, compass, GPS, camera, scales, ruler, frame 1m\u00b2, white A4 paper, thick marker, forms for the record, material to indicate the reference point.\r\n\r\nOther factors are the access to monitoring points, the purchase of materials required for monitoring and the remuneration of labour performed by the Pasture Committee. The amount is quoted in the prices as per end 2011.", "ru": "\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b/\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b: \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e(\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0434\u044c\u044e), \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 5 \u043c, \u043c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u0441, GPS, \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442, \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044b, \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430,\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430 1\u043c\u00b2, \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u04104, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438\r\n\r\n\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 2011 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430."}}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_251_500"], "tech_rainfall_specifications": {"en": "The bulk of the precipitation falls in the spring and summer"}}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_semiarid"], "tech_agroclimatic_zone_specifications": {"en": "Thermal climate class: temperate. Temperate with distinct four seasons.", "ru": "\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439. \u0423\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044c\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438."}}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_hilly", "tech_slopes_steep"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_mountainslopes", "tech_landforms_footslopes"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_2000_2500", "tech_altitudinalzone_2500_3000"]}], "tech_qg_57": [{"tech_topography_comments": {"en": "Altitudinal zone: The pastures are located at an altitude of 2200-3500 meters above sea level. \r\n\r\nSlopes on average: Pastures on gently steep slopes and Aiyl Okrug is located in the valley zone."}}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_shallow", "tech_soil_depth_moderatelydeep"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_high"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_medium"]}], "tech_qg_59": [{"tech_soil_comments": {"en": "Soil depth on average: On pastures the soil is of medium depth\r\n\r\nSoil texture (topsoil):The mechanical composition of loam, but in some places there are also sub-sandy soil.\r\n\r\nSoil fertility is medium (In summer pastures the soil fertility is higher than in the winter and spring-autumn pastures)\r\n\r\nSoil drainage / infiltration is medium\r\n\r\nSoil water storage capacity is low - medium ( Soil water storage capacity on the northern slopes is higher than on the southern slopes)"}}], "tech_qg_60": [{"tech_groundwater": "tech_groundwater_5_50m", "tech_surfacewater": "tech_surfacewater_medium", "tech_waterquality": "tech_waterquality_good"}], "tech_qg_65": [{"tech_water_comments": {"en": "Ground water table: Ground waters are deep, but sometimes pinch out as springs\r\n\r\nAvailability of surface water: Snow-fed and glacier-fed rivers\r\n\r\nWater quality (untreated): Drinking water is mainly used from the river."}}], "tech_qg_66": [{"tech_speciesdiversity": "measure_medium"}], "tech_qg_67": [{"tech_biodiversity_comments": {"en": "The pastures are rich in diversity of herbaceous vegetation, there are natural pine forests and wild animals."}}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_gender": ["gender_women", "gender_men"], "tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_poor", "tech_wealth_average"], "tech_individuals": ["individuals_groups"], "tech_offfarm_income": ["offfarm_income_0_10"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_subsistence"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_15_50"], "tech_land_comments": {"en": "Total pasture area per household is about 40 hectares, but not the whole pasture area is available."}}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_state"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_communal", "tech_userights_individual"], "tech_wateruserights": ["tech_userights_leased"]}], "tech_qg_77": [{"tech_landuser_comments": {"en": "Difference in the involvement of women and men: Members of pasture committees are mostly men. Historically, men are responsible for livestock and it is not related to discrimination of female rights.\r\n\r\nPopulation density: < 10 persons/km2\r\n\r\nAnnual population growth: 1% - 2%\r\n\r\n5% of the land users are rich and own 10% of the land.\r\n75% of the land users are average wealthy and own 80% of the land.\r\n20% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land.\r\n\r\nOff-farm income specification: This percentage is typical for the vast majority of communities. The use of the technology will affect all communities equally.\r\n\r\nMarket orientation of production system: Local residents receive income from the sale of cattle, while it occurs spontaneously and haphazardly. Also, there are households with subsistence.", "ru": "\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d: \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d.\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: < 10 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a/\u043a\u043c2\r\n\r\n\u0413\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 1% - 2%\r\n\r\n5% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044e\u0442 10% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438\r\n75% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044e\u0442 80% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438\r\n80% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044e\u0442 10% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438\r\n\r\n\u0414\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044b: \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e"}}], "tech_qg_79": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Highly productive pasture land can be used as hay"}, "tech_impacts_fodderproduction": 5}], "tech_qg_80": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Regulation of livestock grazing in accordance with the state of pastures will improve the quality of pasture fodder"}, "tech_impacts_fodderquality": 5}], "tech_qg_81": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Regulation of livestock grazing will improve the body condition of livestock"}, "tech_impacts_animalproduction": 6}], "tech_qg_88": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Farmers have to follow the grazing plan developed by Pasture Committee taking into account the state of pastures"}, "tech_impacts_landmanagement": 3}], "tech_qg_93": [{"tech_input_est_comments": {"en": "Duration of establishment phase: 0.1 month(s)", "ru": "\u0421\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: 0.1 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430"}}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "The costs are affected by the total pasture area of an aiyl okrug, by the selection of monitoring points, their distance from the village, by accessibility (mostly in the mountains), by the availability and condition of mountain roads and bridges, and by the variety of vegetation types.", "ru": "\u041d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0430\u0439\u044b\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a, \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445), \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438."}}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_KGZ", "state_province": {"en": "Kyrgyz Republic", "ru": "\u041a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d"}, "further_location": {"en": "Naryn province", "ru": "\u041d\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u041d\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d, \u0430\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 - \u0416\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b, \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u041e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0430"}}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Improvement of body condition of livestock will allow farmers to earn more income."}, "tech_impacts_farmincome": 5}], "tech_qg_113": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Improved knowledge of new local institutions - Pasture Committees."}, "tech_impacts_community": 6}], "tech_qg_115": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Independent assessment of pastures will allow the local community to better understand the problem of their degradation and will enhance their responsibility for their conservation"}, "tech_impacts_slmknowledge": 7}], "tech_qg_116": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Grazing plan based on data concerning the state of pasture areas will reduce the number of conflicts"}, "tech_impacts_conflictmitigation": 6}], "tech_qg_136": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The use of rotational grazing as a measure to reduce the load on pastures on the basis of their assessment can improve biodiversity of pasture ecosystems"}, "tech_impacts_plantdiversity": 6}], "tech_qg_139": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Preservation of pasture plants"}, "tech_impacts_habitatdiversity": 5}], "tech_qg_140": [{"tech_impacts_biomass": 6, "tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Adequate measures taken after an assessment of pastures will increase the biomass of pasture ecosystems"}}], "tech_qg_160": [{"tech_implementation_decades": "implemenation_less_10"}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "11.00", "ru": "11.00"}, "tech_input_exchange_rate": 47.0, "tech_input_national_currency": {"en": "Som", "ru": "\u0441\u043e\u043c"}}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Spring", "ru": "\u0412\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Acquisition of the necessary tools for pasture monitoring.", "ru": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449"}}], "tech_qg_168": [{"tech_exposure_incrdecr": "increase", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_179": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_not_well"}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_verypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_slightlypositive"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_slightlypositive"}], "tech_qg_183": [{"tech_costbenefit_comments": {"en": "The implemented measures on pasture rotation will bring profits in the long term. Balanced seasonal grazing will preserve pastures for future generations.", "ru": "\u0412\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435. \u0421\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439."}}], "tech_qg_184": [{"user_id": "2277", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}, {"country": "country_KGZ", "person_gender": "gender_female", "person_lastname": {"en": "Dzhumabaeva"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "Salamat"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "\u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420 Alatoo"}, "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}, {"country": "country_DEU", "person_gender": "gender_male", "person_lastname": {"en": "Wiedemann"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "Christoph"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "\u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420 Alatoo"}, "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "2a99902f-5122-497b-ba6d-d21757440c3c", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "\u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420 Alatoo, 3, Uphimskiy pereulok, Bishkek", "ru": "\u0428\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0440, \u0433. \u0411\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043a, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0443\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0423\u0444\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, 3"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "Example of calculation of pasture capacity.\r\n\r\nLocation: 3, Uphimskiy pereulok, Bishkek\r\n\r\nDate: 2010-04-20\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high (Must know how to conduct monitoring of pastures and pasture vegetation.)\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for land users: moderate (Should know palatable and non-palatable plants.)\r\n\r\nMain technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply, promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder)\r\n\r\nSecondary technical functions: improvement of surface structure (crusting, sealing)\r\n\r\nChange of land use practices / intensity level: Results of pasture monitoring provide an opportunity to assess their condition and take steps to reduce the load on pastures where there is overload.\r\n\r\nLayout change according to natural and human environment: Redistribution of livestock in pasture areas, depending on the condition of pasture has partially changed the existing grazing scheme.", "ru": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\r\n\r\n\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430: 2010.04.20\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 (\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c)\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u0414\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f)\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b / \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\r\n\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\r\n\r\n\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 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\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430"}}], "tech_qg_187": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Mitigated the degradation of village pastures through reducing trampling by animals. Pasture Committee members were skilled in determining the capacity of pasture land"}, "tech_impacts_other_measure": 5, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "livelihood and human well-being"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "reduced"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "improved"}}], "tech_qg_189": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Annual assessment of pasture will make it possible to determine trends and take adequate measures in time."}, "tech_impacts_other_measure": 5, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "hazard towards adverse events"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "improved"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "reduced"}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_comments": {"en": "Comments on acceptance with external material support: Pasture Committees of three aiyl okrugs (in total there are 456 aiyl okrugs in Kyrgyzstan) used this approach with the technical support of the project, funded by GIZ. But they are demonstrational for other pasture committees and many turn to them for advice and training.\r\n\r\nComments on spontaneous adoption: Because the approach is new to the pasture users, a state institution was engaged in it, and they are not able to do it yet. And it does not bring a quick profit, many are not aware of the need to use it.\r\n\r\nThere is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology\r\n\r\nComments on adoption trend: After training the Pasture Committees, the approach will be used by all aiyl okrugs, as the development of pasture use plan is their responsibility.", "ru": "\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b: \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0430\u0438\u044b\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432 (\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 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\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439."}}], "tech_qg_197": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_not_well"}], "tech_qg_202": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_205": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_not_well"}], "tech_qg_214": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_225": [{"location_comments": {"en": "This technology serves 90,688 ha of spring / autumn pastures and 85,752 ha of summer pastures.", "ru": "\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 90688 \u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445/\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0438 85752 \u0433\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0449"}}], "tech_qg_226": [{"tech_access_roads": 2, "tech_access_water": 2, "tech_access_energy": 2, "tech_access_health": 2, "tech_access_markets": 2, "tech_access_education": 3, "tech_access_financial": 2, "tech_access_employment": 2, "tech_access_techassistance": 1}], "tech_qg_235": [{"tech_lu_mixed": 1, "tech_lu_mixed_select": "lu_mixed_mp"}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "13/02/2013"}], "qg_references": [{"references_title": {"en": "Busler S. \u00abCommunity Pasture Management in Kyrgyzstan\u00bb, Bishkek, 2011", "ru": "\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u00ab\u041e\u0424 \u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420-\u0410\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043e\u00bb"}, "references_source": {"en": "\u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420 Alatoo PF", "ru": "\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0441 \u041e\u0424 \u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420-\u0410\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043e"}}, {"references_title": {"en": "Annual reports of \u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420 Alatoo for 2009, 2010, 2011", "ru": "\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u00ab\u041e\u0424 \u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420-\u0410\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043e\u00bb"}, "references_source": {"en": "\u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420 Alatoo PF", "ru": "\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0441 \u041e\u0424 \u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420-\u0410\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043e"}}, {"references_title": {"en": "Reports and minutes of the seminar of PF CAMP Alatoo", "ru": "\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u00ab\u041e\u0424 \u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420-\u0410\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043e\u00bb"}, "references_source": {"en": "\u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420 Alatoo PF", "ru": "\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0441 \u041e\u0424 \u0421\u0410\u041c\u0420-\u0410\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043e"}}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1493380589272,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[75.64186111,41.69327778000002]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "tech_qg__approaches": [{"link_id": "3132"}, {"link_id": "3131"}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Annual monitoring of pastures will make it possible to follow the dynamics of pasture condition and productivity and will allow to plan their use.\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? Monitoring of pastures is a functional responsibility of Pasture Committees. They need to be trained in monitoring.", "ru": "\u0415\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c? \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449 - \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430."}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 22}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Nutritional condition of animals is enhanced by maintaining and increasing the productivity of pastures, as the pasture capacity will be taken into account for grazing.\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? As soon as all Pasture Committees will be able to develop grazing plans and pasture users will follow it.", "ru": "\u0423\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449, \u0442.\u043a. \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449.\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c? \u0421 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c."}}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "It is necessary to have certain skills and knowledge for the monitoring of pastures", "ru": "\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Conduct training workshops on pasture monitoring for pasture committees", "ru": "\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449."}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "The new decentralized system of pasture management is being implemented in the country since 2009. It was started in times of political instability and therefore pasture users are not aware of its details", "ru": "\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441 2009 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431 \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0445."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Raise awareness of pasture users and public officers.", "ru": "\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445."}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "Characteristic of the local mentality is the attitude to pastures as a natural endless gift, in combination with a loss of traditional respect for the pastures which appeared since Kyrgyzstan\u2019s independence.", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Revival of traditional knowledge and skills.", "ru": "\u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432."}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "Many Pasture Committees do not see the need for pasture monitoring.", "ru": "\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Raise awareness of the Pasture Committees about the need and advantages of such work.", "ru": "\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b."}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_1137/map/', 'template': 'raw'}
Technology was introduced in 2009. Since 2009, there has being introduced the farm method to assess the state of pastures.