An agroforestry system where legumes and cereals are planted in fruit orchards, giving simultaneous production and conservation benefits.
In the Faizabad region, Tajikistan, an area which is characterised by hilly topography, and deep but highly erodible loess soils, farmers traditionally cultivate beans and wheat in combination with fruit trees. This was a rather unsystematic agroforestry system, and during Soviet times (in the 1980s) fruit production was intensified. Pure-stand orchards were established: the land was levelled and on slopes exceeding 20%, terraces were constructed mechanically. The density of trees was increased, and the little space remaining between was used for hay production. Annual cropping was stopped.
Purpose of the Technology: After the Soviet era, farmers reduced the number of trees, allowing room for inter-cropping. They also established new orchards according to this same pattern. Those who farm rented land merely inter crop wheat, whereas the few farmers who own their land, rotate crops with two years of wheat, followed by one of legumes (beans or lucern). Crops are grown both for home consumption and sale.
Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The density of apples was reduced by expanding the spacing from approx 5 m to 10 m between rows, and from 2 m to 4 m within rows. Along each row of trees a 2-3 m strip of grass was left to grow. The layout of fruit trees in lines is a compromise between being along the contour, and against the prevailing wind. After harvesting of the fruit, between August and October, farmers sow their annual crops.
Natural / human environment: This agroforestry system provides protection against strong winds, heavy rains and flooding. Soil erosion (by water) has been reduced due to improved soil cover by the inter cropping, and through leaf litter, which is left to decompose on the ground. Furthermore, after harvesting, about three quarters of the crop residues are left on the field as mulch. The remainder is used as fodder. Soil organic matter within the current agroforestry system is considerably higher than in the surrounding grazing areas. Soil fertility has improved also: beans can fix 60-80 kg/ha/year of nitrogen. Compared with other crops, wheat provides the best erosion protection. Since the lateral rooting system of the apple trees reaches only 1-1.5 m from the trunk, competition for nutrients is not a major problem. Neither is there a problem with shade, since during the crop establishment period the trees have lose their leaves. In order to increase production, farmers plan to apply supplementary irrigation where possible.
Further specification of location:
Comments:
Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 45 km2.
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The Netherlands.", "ru": "Loes Masselink. 2012. Monitoring SLM Practices in Tajikistan. BSc thesis, Land Degradation and Development Group, International Land and Water Management at Wageningen University. The Netherlands."}}], "qg_photos": [{"image": "068cd801-4358-4a58-9b6d-fc1580f1bbee", "image_date": "19/04/2004", "image_caption": {"en": "Typical examples of apple trees intercropped with wheat. Alignment of the trees is often a compromise between wind direction, slope and shape of plot.", "ru": "\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430"}, "image_location": {"en": "Faizabad, Faizabad, Tajikistan", "ru": "Faizabad, Faizabad, Tajikistan"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Hanspeter Liniger (Centre for Development and Environment (CDE) Uneversity of Bern.)", "ru": "Hanspeter Liniger (Centre for Development and Environment (CDE) Uneversity of Bern.)"}}, {"image": "bda32b31-0509-4251-bcb7-f1eb280365f1", "image_date": "19/04/2004", "image_caption": {"en": "Typical examples of apple trees intercropped with wheat. Alignment of the trees is often a compromise between wind direction, slope and shape of plot.", "ru": "\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430"}, "image_location": {"en": "Faizabad, Faizabad, Tajikistan", "ru": "Faizabad, Faizabad, Tajikistan"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Hanspeter Liniger (Centre for Development and Environment (CDE) Uneversity of Bern.)", "ru": "Hanspeter Liniger (Centre for Development and Environment (CDE) Uneversity of Bern.)"}}, {"image": "9c8b40f7-130c-4cd1-b2e3-6e07d58d4c61"}], "tech_qg_1": [{"tech_definition": {"en": "An agroforestry system where legumes and cereals are planted in fruit orchards, giving simultaneous production and conservation benefits.", "ru": "\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b"}}], "tech_qg_2": [{"tech_description": {"en": "In the Faizabad region, Tajikistan, an area which is characterised by hilly topography, and deep but highly erodible loess soils, farmers traditionally cultivate beans and wheat in combination with fruit trees. This was a rather unsystematic agroforestry system, and during Soviet times (in the 1980s) fruit production was intensified. Pure-stand orchards were established: the land was levelled and on slopes exceeding 20%, terraces were constructed mechanically. The density of trees was increased, and the little space remaining between was used for hay production. Annual cropping was stopped.\r\n\r\nPurpose of the Technology: After the Soviet era, farmers reduced the number of trees, allowing room for inter-cropping. They also established new orchards according to this same pattern. Those who farm rented land merely inter crop wheat, whereas the few farmers who own their land, rotate crops with two years of wheat, followed by one of legumes (beans or lucern). Crops are grown both for home consumption and sale.\r\n\r\nEstablishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The density of apples was reduced by expanding the spacing from approx 5 m to 10 m between rows, and from 2 m to 4 m within rows. Along each row of trees a 2-3 m strip of grass was left to grow. The layout of fruit trees in lines is a compromise between being along the contour, and against the prevailing wind. After harvesting of the fruit, between August and October, farmers sow their annual crops.\r\n\r\nNatural / human environment: This agroforestry system provides protection against strong winds, heavy rains and flooding. Soil erosion (by water) has been reduced due to improved soil cover by the inter cropping, and through leaf litter, which is left to decompose on the ground. Furthermore, after harvesting, about three quarters of the crop residues are left on the field as mulch. The remainder is used as fodder. Soil organic matter within the current agroforestry system is considerably higher than in the surrounding grazing areas. Soil fertility has improved also: beans can fix 60-80 kg/ha/year of nitrogen. Compared with other crops, wheat provides the best erosion protection. Since the lateral rooting system of the apple trees reaches only 1-1.5 m from the trunk, competition for nutrients is not a major problem. Neither is there a problem with shade, since during the crop establishment period the trees have lose their leaves. In order to increase production, farmers plan to apply supplementary irrigation where possible.", "ru": "\u0424\u0430\u0439\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d \u0422\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0451\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u043e\u0439; \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0432 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\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c 20%, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b. \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443. \u0415\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d.\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438: \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0414\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e \u2013 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435-\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0439 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\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f. \u0421 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e."}}], "tech_qg_5": [{"tech_who_implemented": ["implementation_innovation"]}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_degradation"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Major land use problems (compiler\u2019s opinion): Most of the rains fall in late autumn and early spring, and the rains coincide with very strong winds. The topsoil is therefore exposed to erosion during this period if left uncovered, and without a windbreak. A particular problem during the soviet period was that the intensive orchard system meant annual food crops were left out of the production system: soil cover was reduced and there was less food.\r\n\r\nType of cropping system and major crops comments: two years of wheat followed by one of legumes (beans or lucerne)", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0414\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b, \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b, \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434. \u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435.\r\n\r\n\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b 2 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0434, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043d"}}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_agronomic", "tech_measures_vegetative", "tech_measures_structural"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca", "lu_cropland_ct"], "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops": ["annual_crops_423", "annual_crops_445"], "tech_lu_cropland_tree_shrub_cropping_crops": ["tree_shrub_512"], "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops_other": {"en": "lucerne", "ru": "\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043c yabloko, boby, lyutserna km Aussprache lernen In Google \u00dcbersetzer \u00f6ffnen Feedback geben Webergebnisse Google \u00dcbersetzer https://translate.google.com/?hl=de Der kostenlose Service von Google \u00fcbersetzt in Sekundenschnelle W\u00f6rter, S\u00e4tze und Webseiten zwischen Deutsch und \u00fcber 100 anderen Sprachen. Google Translate https://translate.google.com/?langpair=en%7Car Google's free service instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. translate - LEO: \u00dcbersetzung im Englisch \u21d4 Deutsch W\u00f6rterbuch https://dict.leo.org/englisch-deutsch/translate Lernen Sie die \u00dcbersetzung f\u00fcr 'translate' in LEOs Englisch \u21d4 Deutsch W\u00f6rterbuch. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen F\u00e4lle und Zeiten \u2713 Aussprache und ... DeepL Translator https://www.deepl.com/ Use the free DeepL Translator to translate your texts with the best machine translation available, powered by DeepL's world-leading neural network technology. TRANSLATE in English, Spanish, French and more with Cambridge https://dictionary.cambridge.org/de/translate/ Kostenloser Online-\u00dcbersetzer mit W\u00f6rterbuchdefinitionen, Aussprachen, Synonymen, Beispielen - unterst\u00fctzt die 19 im Internet am meisten benutzten ... translate : Englisch \u00bb Deutsch | PONS https://de.pons.com/\u00fcbersetzung/englisch-deutsch/translate \u00dcbersetzungen f\u00fcr translate im Englisch \u00bb Deutsch-W\u00f6rterbuch von PONS Online:to translate a book/document/word, to translate sth from Greek into Spanish, ... translate - German translation \u2013 Linguee https://www.linguee.com/english-german/translation/translate.html Many translated example sentences containing \"translate\" \u2013 German-English dictionary and search engine for German translations. Videos 1:23 Introducing Tap to Translate Google YouTube - 11.05.2016 2:25 Inside Google Translate Google YouTube - 10.07.2010 10:39 SONGS mit Google Translate - SPECIAL rezo YouTube - 25.05.2018 4:02 Google Translate Songs with Anne Hathaway The Tonight Show Starring... YouTube"}}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_rainfed"}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_agroforestry", "tech_slm_group_windbreak", "tech_slm_group_groundcover"]}], "tech_qg_21": [{"tech_measures_agronomic_sub": ["measures_agronomic_a2", "measures_agronomic_a6"]}], "tech_qg_22": [{"tech_measures_vegetative_sub": ["measures_vegetative_v1", "measures_vegetative_v2"]}], "tech_qg_23": [{"tech_measures_structural_sub": ["measures_structural_s1"]}], "tech_qg_26": [{"tech_measures_comments": {"en": "Main measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures, structural measures\r\n\r\nType of agronomic measures: mulching, rotations / fallows\r\n\r\nType of vegetative measures: aligned: -against wind", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \r\n\r\n\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439: \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 / \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f / \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\r\n\r\n\u0422\u0438\u043f \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430"}}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_erosion_water", "degradation_erosion_wind", "degradation_chemical"]}], "tech_qg_28": [{"degradation_erosion_water_sub": ["degradation_wt", "degradation_wg"]}], "tech_qg_29": [{"degradation_erosion_wind_sub": ["degradation_et"]}], "tech_qg_30": [{"degradation_chemical_sub": ["degradation_cn"]}], "tech_qg_34": [{"degradation_comments": {"en": "Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Et: loss of topsoil, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content\r\n\r\nMain causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (The suplementary irrigation system could not be maintained after state farms stopped recieving government support. Thus, it became more interesting to increase crop production through intercropping.)\r\n\r\nSecondary causes of degradation: governance / institutional (With the transformation of the planned economy to a market economy, for the state farm areas new forms of management had to be found.)", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0412\u0432 (Wt): \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b / \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f, \u0412\u043e (Wg): \u043e\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f / \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430, \u042d\u0432 (Et): \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b, \u0425\u0430 (Cn): \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435 (\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439)"}}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_prevent_ld"], "tech_prevention_comments": {"en": "Main goals: prevention of land degradation", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c: \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438"}}], "tech_qg_36": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 60.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Planting of fruit orchard", "ru": "\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 60.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 10.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Thinning and hand lanting", "ru": "\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 2.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 20.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_37": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 120.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "machine use", "ru": "\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 120.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_costs": 10.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "tools", "ru": "\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 10.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_38": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 250.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "seedlings", "ru": "\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 250.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "(November to March)", "ru": "\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c-\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Applying organic manure for crops and trees", "ru": "\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "(November to March)", "ru": "\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c-\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Ploughing to depth of 25\u201330 cm for annual crops", "ru": "\u0432\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u044b 25-30 \u0441\u043c. \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "(March)", "ru": "\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Disc ploughing and harrowing .", "ru": "\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "(once during season).", "ru": "1/\u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Chemical fertiliser application to crops", "ru": "\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "(two-three times where possible/affordable)", "ru": "\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Pest management with chemicals", "ru": "\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432"}}, {"tech_maint_activity": {"en": "harvesting: wheat is the only crop, which can be harverted if tractor and petrol is available", "ru": "\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f: \u043f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 - \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430"}}, {"tech_maint_activity": {"en": "mulching trees (humus cover)", "ru": "\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 (\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0435\u043c)"}}, {"tech_maint_activity": {"en": "cutting trees", "ru": "\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 45.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "applying organic manure for crops and trees", "ru": "\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 45.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 10.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "ploughing", "ru": "\u0432\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 2.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 20.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_46": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 10.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "labour animal traction", "ru": "\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 10.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "labour harvesting", "ru": "\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 50.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "labour mulching and cutting", "ru": "\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 50.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_47": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 30.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "seeds", "ru": "\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 30.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_52": [{"tech_input_maint_comments": {"en": "Cost calculation refers to farmers who established new agroforestry plots (without receiving any incentives). These are farmers who have rented land from state farms. However, conversion of Soviet orchards is more common than the establishment of new agroforestry plots (information on costs not available).", "ru": "\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439). \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e \u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430)."}}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_501_750"]}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_semiarid"], "tech_agroclimatic_zone_specifications": {"en": "Thermal climate class: temperate", "ru": "\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439"}}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_hilly", "tech_slopes_steep"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_hillslopes", "tech_landforms_footslopes"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_1000_1500"]}], "tech_qg_57": [{"tech_convex_concave": "topography_not_relevant", "tech_topography_comments": {"en": "Landforms also mountain slopes.", "ru": "\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0444\u0430 - \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044b\r\n\r\n"}}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_deep"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_low"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_medium"]}], "tech_qg_59": [{"tech_soil_comments": {"en": "Soil fertility: low\r\n\r\nSoil drainage / infiltration: good\r\n\r\nSoil water storage capacity: medium", "ru": "\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0435: \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f\r\n\r\n\u0412\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f"}}], "tech_qg_60": [{"tech_groundwater": "tech_groundwater_less_5m", "tech_surfacewater": "tech_surfacewater_poor", "tech_waterquality": "tech_waterquality_good"}], "tech_qg_66": [{"tech_speciesdiversity": "measure_high"}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_manual", "mechanisation_mechanised"], "tech_offfarm_income": ["offfarm_income_50_plus"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_mixed"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_less_05", "tech_land_size_1_2"], "tech_land_comments": {"en": "Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology also 2-5 ha", "ru": "\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438:< 0.5 \u0433\u0430, 1-2 \u0433\u0430, 2-5 \u0433\u0430"}, "tech_land_size_relative": ["tech_size_smallscale"]}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_state"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_leased"]}], "tech_qg_76": [{"tech_impacts_cropproduction": 7}], "tech_qg_77": [{"tech_landuser_comments": {"en": "Off-farm income specification: trade and business; young men often migrate to Russia (seasonally or for several years) to search for jobs\r\n\r\nLevel of mechanization manual work: pruning of trees, harvesting, applying herbizids\r\n\r\nLevel of mechanization animal traction: ploughing if no fuel for tractors is available\r\n\r\nLevel of mechanization mechanized/motorized: Disc ploughing and harrowing, if petrol is available", "ru": "\u0414\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044b: \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441; \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e (\u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b"}}], "tech_qg_79": [{"tech_impacts_fodderproduction": 7}], "tech_qg_82": [{"tech_impacts_woodproduction": 6}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_TJK", "state_province": {"en": "Tajikistan, Faizabad", "ru": "\u0422\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d"}, "further_location": {"en": "Faizabad", "ru": "\u0424\u0430\u0439\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434"}}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_farmincome": 6}], "tech_qg_113": [{"tech_impacts_community": 5}], "tech_qg_116": [{"tech_impacts_conflictmitigation": 5}], "tech_qg_122": [{"tech_impacts_waterdrainage": 5}], "tech_qg_125": [{"tech_impacts_soilmoisture": 5}], "tech_qg_126": [{"tech_impacts_soilcover": 7}], "tech_qg_127": [{"tech_impacts_soilloss": 6}], "tech_qg_133": [{"tech_impacts_soilorganicmatter": 7}], "tech_qg_144": [{"tech_impacts_windvelocity": 6}], "tech_qg_147": [{"tech_impacts_downstreamflooding": 6}], "tech_qg_148": [{"tech_impacts_reliableflows": 6}], "tech_qg_149": [{"tech_impacts_downstreamsiltation": 5}], "tech_qg_150": [{"tech_impacts_groundwaterpollution": 6}], "tech_qg_152": [{"tech_impacts_windtransportedsediments": 6}], "tech_qg_160": [{"tech_implementation_decades": "implemenation_10_50"}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_dollar": "tech_input_dollars"}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_activity": {"en": "Planting of fruit orchard", "ru": "- \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432"}}, {"tech_est_activity": {"en": "Thinning: doubling the spacing between trees (by farmers, after Soviet period)", "ru": "- \u0420\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432"}}, {"tech_est_activity": {"en": "Hand planting of fruit tree seedlings", "ru": "- \u041e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 (\u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438)"}}, {"tech_est_activity": {"en": "planting fruit trees", "ru": "- \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430"}}, {"tech_est_activity": {"en": "1. Levelling of steep land into terraces with graders", "ru": "1. Levelling of steep land into terraces with graders"}}, {"tech_est_activity": {"en": "Planting of fruit orchards", "ru": "Planting of fruit orchards"}}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_verypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_positive"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_verypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_verypositive"}], "tech_qg_184": [{"user_id": "760", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}, {"user_id": "1166", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "dccae0ea-704a-4b7d-93ff-592884a523ce", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Mats Gurtner, Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern", "ru": "\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0446 \u0413\u044e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u0426\u0420\u041e\u0421, \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "Fruit trees intercropped with wheat (or beans): note the fruit trees are aligned in a 'compromise' position between the direction of the prevailing wind and the slope.\r\n\r\nLocation: Faizabad. Faizabad, Tajikistan\r\n\r\nDate: 25-07-2004\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for land users: moderate\r\n\r\nMain technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,\u2026), reduction in wind speed, improvement of soil fertility (with crop rotation incl. Beans+lucerne)\r\n\r\nSecondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope angle, improvement of subsoil structure (hardpan), water harvesting / increase water supply, retain/trap concentrated runoff (prevention of gully erosion)\r\n\r\nMulching\r\nMaterial/ species: leaf litter, crop residues\r\n\r\nRotations / fallows\r\nMaterial/ species: wheat, legumes\r\n\r\nAligned: -against wind\r\nVegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass\r\nVertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2-6\r\nSpacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 10\r\nVertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 4\r\nWidth within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2-3\r\n\r\nSlope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 20-60%\r\n\r\nterrace: forward sloping: earth", "ru": "\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044e): \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \"\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c\" \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\r\n\r\n\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0424\u0430\u0439\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434. \u0422\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\r\n\r\n\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430: 25-07-2004\r\n\r\n\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439\r\n\r\n\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 (\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432,...), \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432 (\u0441 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0411\u043e\u0431\u044b + \u043b\u044e\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430)\r\n\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435/\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0430, \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b (\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439), \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b / \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435/\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438)\r\n\r\n\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 / \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\r\n\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b: \u044f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0431\u043e\u0431\u044b, \u043b\u044e\u0446\u0435\u0440\u043d\r\n\r\n\u041c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\r\n\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b: \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f\r\n\r\n\u0420\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f / \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\r\n\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b: \u043f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0449\u0438\r\n\r\n\u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\r\n\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b: \u0414: \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f / \u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0422: \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\r\n\r\n\u0424\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044b"}}], "tech_qg_186": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "difficult to apply pesticides using machinery and pesticides are very expensive.\r\nPruning is important, but farmers are new to the system and don\u2019t always have the skills required", "ru": "\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\r\n\u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439\r\n"}, "tech_impacts_other_measure": 3, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "trees hinder farm operations", "ru": "\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e "}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "increased", "ru": "\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "decreased", "ru": "\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c"}}], "tech_qg_189": [{"tech_impacts_other_measure": 6, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "nutrient use efficiency", "ru": "\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased", "ru": "\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "increased", "ru": "\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c "}}, {"tech_impacts_other_measure": 6, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "water use efficiency", "ru": "\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased", "ru": "\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "increased", "ru": "\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c "}}, {"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Also biodiversity enhancement is medium (20-50%)", "ru": "\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f (20-50%)"}, "tech_impacts_other_measure": 6, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "soil fertility", "ru": "\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0435"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased", "ru": "\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "increased", "ru": "\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c "}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_comments": {"en": "3500 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support\r\n\r\nThere is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology\r\n\r\nComments on adoption trend: Adoption rate is high: 3,500 households in the region, who rented the orchards, have converted them themselvs without any incentives.", "ru": "3500 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438\r\n\r\n\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \r\n\r\n\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0418\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442) \u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430: 3500 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439."}, "tech_adoption_quantify": {"en": "3500 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support in an area of 45 km^2", "ru": "3500 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 45 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432"}, "tech_adoption_percentage": "adoption_percentage_10_50", "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_90_100"}], "tech_qg_218": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 50.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "fertilizer", "ru": "\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 50.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 30.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "biocides", "ru": "\u0431\u0438\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0434\u044b"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 30.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 30.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "pesticides", "ru": "\u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0434\u044b"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 30.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_219": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 50.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "fertilizer", "ru": "\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 50.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "biocides", "ru": "\u0431\u0438\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0434\u044b"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 10.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "compost manure", "ru": "\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 10.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 570.0}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 220.0}], "tech_qg_225": [{"location_comments": {"en": "Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 45 km2.", "ru": "\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f, - 45 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432"}}], "tech_qg_226": [{"tech_access_roads": 2, "tech_access_energy": 2, "tech_access_health": 2, "tech_access_education": 2, "tech_access_techassistance": 1}], "tech_qg_232": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs_usd": 570.0}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 220.0}], "tech_qg_235": [{"tech_lu_mixed": 1, "tech_lu_mixed_select": "lu_mixed_mf"}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "01/01/2004"}], "qg_references": [{"references_title": {"ru": "Loes Masselink. 2012. Monitoring SLM Practices in Tajikistan. BSc thesis, Land Degradation and Development Group, International Land and Water Management at Wageningen University. The Netherlands."}, "references_source": {"ru": "https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Theses/Masselink2012.pdf"}}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1489070591799,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[69.1931,38.5282]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 17}], "tech_qg__approaches": [{"link_id": "3070"}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Easy to convert orchards\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? Land reform from state to private ownership would assist the process and strengthen farmers' associations.", "ru": "\u041b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c? \u0417\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 - \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Helps provide employment (mainly self- employment, partial employment of additional labourers) and increased self-sufficiency. With the cultivation of wheat, some farmers can solve their food problems and do not need an off-farm income.", "ru": "\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 (\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b) \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Improvement of soil fertility and soil organic matter content\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? Use all the crop residue and leaves of trees as cover (mulch).", "ru": "\u0423\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c? \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0439)"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Considerable reduction of soil erosion\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? Adopt cover crop and rotate with other legumes and minimum tillage system.", "ru": "\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c? \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Wider spacing between the rows of trees (to 10 m) is best for the agroforestry\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? Remaining orchards with the original Soviet spacing of 5m between the rows should be thinned.", "ru": "\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 (\u0434\u043e 10\u043c) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c? \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 5\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b"}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 155}, {"funding_institution": 383}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "The irrigation system established during Soviet times required high maintenance inputs due to siltation of the canals. During the period of the civil war systems ceased to function, the canals filled up with sediments and finally overflowed during rain storms causing gully formation", "ru": "\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Control of water flow within the orchard using cutoff drains and drainage ditches.", "ru": "\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432."}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "Lines of trees which are planted up and down the slope to provide wind.", "ru": "\u0420\u044f\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Compromise in layout design (see description).", "ru": "\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 (\u0441\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435)"}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "Orchards managed by state farms are often not well looked after.", "ru": "\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0445\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Leasing of land and awarding landholder certificates leads to improved orchard management.", "ru": "\u0410\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f"}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_1017/map/', 'template': 'raw'}