Intercropping of wheat in an existing orchard that was established during the Soviet period.
The technology involves intercropping wheat in an existing apricot orchard, that was established during soviet times to increase farm production, by integrating different resources in an environment protected from soil erosion. The intercropped area is ploughed by tractor. In general, farmers do not practice crop rotation since they usually allocate cereal production to the most fertile field plots of their farm.
Along the trees aligned on contour, a three metre wide grass strip is left uncultivated to control runoff, and to protect the ground from splash erosion. Spacing between rows is 13 metres, which allows unhindered farm operations.
Most orchards in Faizabad Rayon were established during Soviet times. Tree rows were planted close together in order to obtain maximum yields from the orchard monoculture systems. Some of the tree rows were removed, allowing more space for intercropping.
Purpose of the Technology: The technology is applied in existing orchards which generally range between 10-25% in gradient. In existing orchards, intercropping alone is relatively cost intensive. Harvesting two crops at a time increases overall farm production and improves food security since harvests of intercropped food crops are found to be more reliable than those on exposed annual cropland. However, many orchards are still owned by state farms which usually do not practice intercropping. Since management of fruit trees require considerable labour and material inputs (e.g. chemicals for pest/disease control as well as fertilisers) which often cannot be met by farmers, yields of fruit trees have declined after the privatisation of these areas. Furthermore, farmers often lack knowledge of appropriate orchard management techniques and miss opportunities to gradually replace old trees by new seedlings.
Further specification of location:
Specify the spread of the Technology:
- evenly spread over an area
If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:
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The intercropped area is ploughed by tractor. In general, farmers do not practice crop rotation since they usually allocate cereal production to the most fertile field plots of their farm. \r\nAlong the trees aligned on contour, a three metre wide grass strip is left uncultivated to control runoff, and to protect the ground from splash erosion. Spacing between rows is 13 metres, which allows unhindered farm operations.\r\nMost orchards in Faizabad Rayon were established during Soviet times. Tree rows were planted close together in order to obtain maximum yields from the orchard monoculture systems. Some of the tree rows were removed, allowing more space for intercropping.\r\n\r\nPurpose of the Technology: The technology is applied in existing orchards which generally range between 10-25% in gradient. In existing orchards, intercropping alone is relatively cost intensive. Harvesting two crops at a time increases overall farm production and improves food security since harvests of intercropped food crops are found to be more reliable than those on exposed annual cropland. However, many orchards are still owned by state farms which usually do not practice intercropping. Since management of fruit trees require considerable labour and material inputs (e.g. chemicals for pest/disease control as well as fertilisers) which often cannot be met by farmers, yields of fruit trees have declined after the privatisation of these areas. Furthermore, farmers often lack knowledge of appropriate orchard management techniques and miss opportunities to gradually replace old trees by new seedlings.", "ru": "\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 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\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438/\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f), \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438."}}], "tech_qg_4": [{"tech_spread_area": "tech_spread_1_10", "tech_spread_tech": "tech_spread_evenly"}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_production"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Major land use problems (compiler\u2019s opinion): severe water erosion (rills and gullies) and subsequent fertility decline on cropland and overgrazed pastures\r\n\r\nMajor land use problems (land users\u2019 perception): fertility decline, soil erosion and washing downslope of seeds before they can sprout\r\n\r\nType of cropping system and major crops comments: Intercropped winter wheat and sometimes chickpeas are sown in autumn; flax, alfa alfa, esparzet, and also chickpeas are sown in early spring", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f): \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f (\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f), \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0449.\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f): \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f, \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044f\u043d \u0432\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0442\r\n\r\n\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430: \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e; \u043b\u0435\u043d, \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0430, \u044d\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439."}}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_agronomic", "tech_measures_vegetative", "tech_measures_management"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_intercropping": 1, "tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca", "lu_cropland_cp", "lu_cropland_ct"], "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops": ["annual_crops_434", "annual_crops_453", "annual_crops_445", "annual_crops_fodder_other", "annual_crops_421"], "tech_lu_cropland_tree_shrub_cropping_crops": ["tree_shrub_529", "tree_shrub_514"], "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops_other": {"en": "esparzet", "ru": "esparzet"}}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_rainfed"}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_agroforestry"]}], "tech_qg_21": [{"tech_measures_agronomic_sub": ["measures_agronomic_a1", "measures_agronomic_a6"]}], "tech_qg_22": [{"tech_measures_vegetative_sub": ["measures_vegetative_v5"]}], "tech_qg_24": [{"tech_measures_management_sub": ["measures_management_m1"]}], "tech_qg_26": [{"tech_measures_comments": {"en": "Main measures: agronomic measures\r\n\r\nSecondary measures: vegetative measures\r\n\r\nType of agronomic measures: mixed cropping / intercropping, mineral (inorganic) fertilizers, contour tillage\r\n\r\nType of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\r\n\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e\r\n\r\n\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439: \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 / \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435) \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b\r\n\r\n\u041c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439: -\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440"}}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_erosion_water", "degradation_chemical"]}], "tech_qg_28": [{"degradation_erosion_water_sub": ["degradation_wt", "degradation_wg"]}], "tech_qg_30": [{"degradation_chemical_sub": ["degradation_cn"]}], "tech_qg_34": [{"degradation_comments": {"en": "Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion\r\n\r\nSecondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0412\u0432 (Wt): \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b / \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f\r\n\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0412\u043e (Wg): \u043e\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f / \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430, \u0425\u0430 (Cn): \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435 (\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439)"}}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_prevent_ld", "intervention_reduce_ld"], "tech_prevention_comments": {"en": "Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation\r\n\r\nSecondary goals: prevention of land degradation", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438: \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 / \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438: \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438"}}], "tech_qg_36": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 6.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "thinning and clearing of tree rows", "ru": "\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 6.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_37": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 25.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "tools", "ru": "\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 25.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "before sowing / annual", "ru": "\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430 / \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "disc ploughing (area for intercropping)", "ru": "\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439"}}, {"tech_maint_activity": {"en": "sowing (winter wheat)", "ru": "\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0443\u0433 (\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440)"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "early spring / each cropping season", "ru": "\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e / \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "applying of fertiliser", "ru": "\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "summer / each cropping season", "ru": "\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e / \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "harvesting", "ru": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0432 (\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430)"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "autumn/winter /annual", "ru": "\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e, \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u044e"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "pruning of fruit trees", "ru": "\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "summer /annual", "ru": "\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c / \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "cutting of grass strip", "ru": "\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "winter/early spring /annual", "ru": "\u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 / \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 / \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "applying manure for fruit trees", "ru": "\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "spring /weekly", "ru": "\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 / \u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "removal of twiggs affected by insects/deseases", "ru": "\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438/\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 18.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "sowing and weeding", "ru": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0430"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 18.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 45.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "pruning of fruit trees", "ru": "\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 45.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 15.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "cutting of twiggs affe", "ru": "\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 15.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_46": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 20.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "machine use", "ru": "\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 20.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_47": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 30.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "seeds", "ru": "\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 30.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_52": [{"tech_input_maint_comments": {"en": "Machinery/ tools: tools: saw, sickle, pruning shears, fork, bucket\r\n\r\nper hectare (with the described spacing of trees and tree rows)", "ru": "\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b: \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f, \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u043b\u044b, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\r\n\r\n\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0440 (\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432)"}}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_751_1000"]}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_subhumid", "tech_agroclimatic_zone_semiarid"], "tech_agroclimatic_zone_specifications": {"en": "growing period between 180-210 days", "ru": "\u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 180-210 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439\r\n"}}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_rolling", "tech_slopes_hilly"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_plateau", "tech_landforms_hillslopes"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_500_1000", "tech_altitudinalzone_1000_1500"]}], "tech_qg_57": [{"tech_topography_comments": {"en": "Landforms: Also valley floors", "ru": "\u0420\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0444: \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b"}}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_verydeep"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_medium", "tech_topsoil_organic_low"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_medium", "tech_soil_texture_fine"]}], "tech_qg_59": [{"tech_soil_comments": {"en": "Soil fertility: low-high\r\n\r\nSoil drainage / infiltration: medium - good", "ru": "\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0435: \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435 - \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f - \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f"}}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_average", "tech_wealth_rich"], "tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_manual", "mechanisation_mechanised"], "tech_offfarm_income": ["offfarm_income_50_plus"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_subsistence", "tech_market_orientation_mixed"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_1_2", "tech_land_size_2_5"], "tech_land_comments": {"en": "Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology also 0.5-1 ha\r\n\r\nHouseholds with 1-2 ha are depending on available working force, labour is limiting factor", "ru": "\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438: 0.5-1 \u0433\u0430, 1-2 \u0433\u0430, 2-5 \u0433\u0430"}}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_state"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_leased"]}], "tech_qg_76": [{"tech_impacts_cropproduction": 7}], "tech_qg_77": [{"tech_landuser_comments": {"en": "5% of the land users are rich and own 15% of the land.\r\n75% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land (local authorities sometimes need to be bribed in order to acquire land use rights for orchard land).\r\n\r\nOff-farm income specification: In general, all farmers (including those applying SWC technologies) are highly dependent on off-farm income, which in most cases is earned in Russia either by themselves or by their relatives.\r\n\r\nMarket orientation of production system subsistence (self-supply): Only surpluses are sold or exchanged for other goods \r\n\r\nLevel of mechanization: Ploughing is carried out using a tractor whenever possible, but animal traction also existent.", "ru": "5% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044e\u0442 15% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438.\r\n75% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044e\u0442 70% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 (\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f).\r\n\r\nOff-farm income specification: \u0412 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435 (\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432) \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438"}}], "tech_qg_88": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "due to intercropping, management of trees gets more difficult", "ru": "\u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435\r\n\r\n"}, "tech_impacts_landmanagement": 3}], "tech_qg_93": [{"tech_input_est_comments": {"en": "Duration of establishment phase: 0 month(s)", "ru": "\u0421\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: 0 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432"}}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "The number of trees influences costs considerably, since orchard management is labour and input intensive", "ru": "\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0451\u043c\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435"}}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_TJK", "state_province": {"en": "Tajikistan", "ru": "\u0422\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d"}, "further_location": {"en": "Faizabad Rayon", "ru": "\u0424\u0430\u0439\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434"}}], "tech_qg_103": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "intercropped wheat requires additional inputs to an already input intensive orchard system", "ru": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443"}, "tech_impacts_expenses": 1}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_farmincome": 7}], "tech_qg_116": [{"tech_impacts_conflictmitigation": 4}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_dollar": "tech_input_dollars", "tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "3.00", "ru": "3.00"}}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_timing": {"en": "established in 1989", "ru": "\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 1989 \u0433."}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "establishment of apricot orchard by state enterprise", "ru": "\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c"}}, {"tech_est_activity": {"en": "acquiring land use rights for existing orchard lands from local authorities", "ru": "\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439"}}, {"tech_est_activity": {"en": "thinning and clearing of tree rows", "ru": "\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0432"}}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_verypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_verypositive"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_verypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_verypositive"}], "tech_qg_184": [{"user_id": "232", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}, {"user_id": "1166", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "2ab1b6f1-aff9-4956-b709-f5b0d6bdabb1", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Erik B\u00fchlmann, Berne, Switzerland", "ru": "\u042d\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0411\u044e\u0445\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d, \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d, \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "Intercropping of wheat between apricot trees aligned on contour\r\n\r\nLocation: Chinoro. Faizabad Rayon, RRS\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for land users: moderate\r\n\r\nMain technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, reduction of slope length\r\n\r\nSecondary technical functions: increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,\u2026), increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, reduction in wind speed, increase in soil fertility\r\n\r\nMixed cropping / intercropping\r\nMaterial/ species: winter wheat\r\nQuantity/ density: 150kg/ha\r\nRemarks: intercropping between tree rows\r\n\r\nMineral (inorganic) fertilizers\r\nMaterial/ species: superphosphate, silitra\r\nQuantity/ density: 200kg\r\nRemarks: only for intercropped wheat\r\n\r\nContour tillage\r\nRemarks: between tree rows\r\n\r\nAligned: -contour\r\nVegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs\r\nNumber of plants per (ha): 200\r\nVertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2\r\nSpacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 13\r\nVertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 4\r\n\r\nVegetative measure: aligned: contour\r\nVegetative material: G : grass\r\nVertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2\r\nSpacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 10\r\nWidth within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3\r\n\r\nVegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass\r\n\r\nVegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass\r\n\r\nVegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass\r\n\r\nFruit trees / shrubs species: apricot trees\r\n\r\nSlope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 18.00%\r\n\r\nGradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%", "ru": "\u0421\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443\r\n\r\n\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0427\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e. \u0424\u0430\u0439\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434, \u0420\u0420\u0421\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 / \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 / \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0430\r\n\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 (\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432,...), \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 / \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b\r\n\r\n\u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 / \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\r\n\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b/ \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b: \u043e\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\r\n\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e/\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: 150 \u043a\u0433,\u0433\u0430\r\n\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e: \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432\r\n\r\n\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\r\n\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b: \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0430\u0442, \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430\r\n\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: 200 \u043a\u0433\r\n\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e: \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b\r\n\r\n\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438\r\n\r\n\u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: -\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\r\n\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b: \u0424: \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f / \u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\r\n\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0440: 200\r\n\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438/\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438/\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043c): 2\r\n\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438/\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438/\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043c): 13\r\n\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432/\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441/\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u043c): 4\r\n\r\n\u041c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b: \u0422: \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\r\n\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438/\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438/\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043c): 2\r\n\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438/\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438/\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043c): 10\r\n\u0428\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432/\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441/\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u043c): 3\r\n\r\n\u041c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b: \u0422: \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\r\n\r\n\u041c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b: \u0422: \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\r\n\r\n\u041c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b: \u0422: \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\r\n\r\n\u0424\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f / \u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0441\r\n\r\n\u0421\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d (\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435): 18%\r\n\r\n\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442) \u0432\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 / \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441: 0%"}}], "tech_qg_186": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "due to lack of fertilisers and pesticides", "ru": "\u0418\u0437 -\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439"}, "tech_impacts_other_measure": 2, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "fruit production", "ru": "\u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased", "ru": "\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "increased", "ru": "\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c"}}, {"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "due to inappropriate pruning", "ru": "\u0418\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432"}, "tech_impacts_other_measure": 3, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "fruit yields", "ru": "\u0424\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased", "ru": "\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "increased", "ru": "\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c "}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_comments": {"en": "100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support\r\n\r\nComments on spontaneous adoption: estimates\r\n\r\nThere is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology\r\n\r\nComments on adoption trend: In general, there is a growing demand for orchard land for intercropping. However, a considerable amount of orchards are still managed by state farms which usually do not maintain intercropping systems.", "ru": "100% \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438\r\n\r\n\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438\r\n\r\n\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0412 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e \u0443\u0445\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442."}, "tech_adoption_quantify": {"en": "NA", "ru": "NA"}, "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_90_100"}], "tech_qg_219": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 50.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "fertilizer", "ru": "\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 50.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 40.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "compost/manure", "ru": "\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442/\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 40.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 31.0}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 218.0}], "tech_qg_232": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs_usd": 31.0}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 218.0}], "tech_qg_235": [{"tech_lu_mixed": 1, "tech_lu_mixed_select": "lu_mixed_mf"}], "tech_qg_237": [{"tech_initial_landuse_changed": "initial_landuse_changed_yes"}], "tech_qg_239": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland"]}], "tech_qg_240": [{"tech_intercropping": 1, "tech_intercropping_specify": {"en": "Intercropping of wheat between apricot trees aligned on contour", "ru": "\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443"}}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "15/07/2005"}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1489149666664,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[69.4107,38.588599999999985]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 15}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "low costs for establishment (intercropping only)", "ru": "\u041d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440)"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "wheat production with very little soil erosion", "ru": "\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "intercropping can improve food security of low income families", "ru": "\u0421\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c"}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 155}, {"funding_institution": 426}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "two harvests at a time\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? increase in farm production", "ru": "\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c? \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "good wheat harvests in intercropping systems", "ru": "\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440"}}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "productive orchard systems require considerable amounts of recurrent inputs (e.g. chemicals for pest/disease control, fertiliser) which locals often cannot afford", "ru": "\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 (\u0442.\u0435. \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438/\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f), \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "avoiding intercropping of sparsely growing crops in vulnerable intercropping systems; improving ground cover by mulching", "ru": "\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445; \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f"}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "in comparison to orchards with an intact grass cover, intercropping of sparcely growing plant species increases the risk of soil erosion", "ru": "\u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b"}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "intercropped wheat hinders maintenance activities of fruit trees", "ru": "\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438"}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "yield of fruit trees insufficient because required inputs are not affordable", "ru": "\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "gradually replace old trees by new seedlings", "ru": "\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438"}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "Insufficient yields of intercropped plants because of shadow of old/large fruit trees", "ru": "\u041d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445/\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432"}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "orchard systems vulnerable to pests, late frost and strong winds", "ru": "\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432"}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_1002/map/', 'template': 'raw'}