Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:

• 10-100 km2

{'is_geometry': True, 'configuration': 'technologies', 'additional_translations': {}, 'key': 'Map', 'value': '{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","id":1492178334519,"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[41.85,9.549999999999997]},"properties":null}]}', 'questionnaire_object': <Questionnaire: {"qg_name": [{"name": {"en": "DireDawaTraditional Checkdam"}, "name_local": {"en": "Chiba"}}], "tech_qg_1": [{"tech_definition": {"en": "It is a stone wall built across a gully at a given interval to trap moisture and sediment for crop production."}}], "tech_qg_2": [{"tech_description": {"en": "It is an enbankment placed in the gully. It is constructed with stones. The purpose is to conserve and retain runoff coming from upslopes. It is intended to trap sediment running from slopes. It converts gully land into cultivated. The establishment starts with a given height of stone wall which is increased every year as the need comes and when sediment fills up. It is essentially water harvesting practice and is very suitable in areas where moisture stress is high. At present new design and layout elements have been included to improve durability of structures and efficiency to store more water and soils. Top soils eroded from upper catchments and sedimented by the checkdams. Maintenance is made every year to repair breaks and additional height is given for the checkdams."}}], "tech_qg_4": [{"tech_spread_area": "tech_spread_10_100", "tech_spread_tech": "tech_spread_evenly"}], "tech_qg_5": [{"tech_who_implemented": ["implementation_externally"], "tech_who_implemented_comments": {"en": "It evolved from the local practices."}}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_production", "main_purpose_degradation"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Major land use problems (compiler\u2019s opinion): Soil erosion, stream bank erosion, gully expansion\r\n\r\nMajor land use problems (land users\u2019 perception): increase in eroded land, shortage of cultivable land.\r\n\r\nType of cropping system and major crops comments: (1) Sorghum-Maize-Legume, (2) Sorghum-Sorghum"}}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland", "tech_lu_grazingland"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_intercropping": 1, "tech_growing_seasons": "growing_season_1", "tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca", "lu_cropland_cp", "lu_cropland_ct"], "tech_intercropping_specify": {"en": "sorghum, soyabean"}, "tech_growing_seasons_specify": {"en": "Longest growing period in days: 210 Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Nov"}, "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops": ["annual_crops_429", "annual_crops_439", "annual_crops_457", "annual_crops_440"], "tech_lu_cropland_tree_shrub_cropping_crops": ["tree_shrub_503", "tree_shrub_506", "tree_shrub_509", "tree_shrub_511"], "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops_other": {"en": "chat, oxen plough"}, "tech_lu_cropland_tree_shrub_cropping_crops_other": {"en": "prunus"}}], "tech_qg_11": [{"tech_lu_sub_other": {"en": "Stall feeding: Very common during crop growing season"}, "tech_lu_grazingland_extensive": ["tech_lu_grazingland_pastoralism"]}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_rainfed", "tech_watersupply_comments": {"en": "Water supply: Also post-flooding"}}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_crossslope", "tech_slm_group_surfacewater"]}], "tech_qg_26": [{"tech_measures_comments": {"en": "Main measures: structural measures\r\n\r\nSecondary measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures, management measures\r\n\r\nType of agronomic measures: mixed cropping / intercropping, contour planting / strip cropping, legume inter-planting, contour ridging\r\n\r\nType of vegetative measures: scattered / dispersed, in blocks"}}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_erosion_water"]}], "tech_qg_28": [{"degradation_erosion_water_sub": ["degradation_wt", "degradation_wg", "degradation_wr"]}], "tech_qg_34": [{"degradation_comments": {"en": "Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion\r\n\r\nSecondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Wr: riverbank erosion\r\n\r\nMain causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (suseptable for erosion), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)\r\n\r\nSecondary causes of degradation: overgrazing (free grazing), other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes - traditional farm implements), lack of enforcement of legislat./authority (less attention is given), land subdivision (smaller land holdings)"}}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_reduce_ld"]}], "tech_qg_36": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 406.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Labour"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 406.0}], "tech_qg_38": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 23.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Seeds"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 23.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "April / once"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "land preparation"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "April, June / once"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "planting"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "June/August / twice"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "weeding and cultivation"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "dry season /as need arises"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "repair in break stone walls"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "while cultivating /as need arises"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "increasing heights & length of stone walls (side ways)"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "dry period/annual"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "repair break in the check"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "dry period/annual"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "raising the height"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "dry period/annual"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "increasing the length"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 40.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Labour"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 40.0}], "tech_qg_47": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 23.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Seeds"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 23.0}], "tech_qg_52": [{"tech_input_maint_comments": {"en": "length of structure"}}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_501_750"], "tech_rainfall_annual": 593.0}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_semiarid", "tech_agroclimatic_zone_arid"]}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_rolling"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_hillslopes"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_1000_1500", "tech_altitudinalzone_1500_2000"]}], "tech_qg_57": [{"tech_topography_comments": {"en": "Altitudinal zone: 1001-1500 m a.s.l. (Ranked 1, 1001 m a.s.l) and 1501-2000 m a.s.l. (ranked 2) \r\nLandforms: Also Footslopes (ranked 2) and valley floors (ranked 3) \r\nSlopes on average: Also moderate (ranked 2) and hilly (ranked 3)"}}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_veryshallow", "tech_soil_depth_shallow"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_low"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_coarse", "tech_soil_texture_medium"]}], "tech_qg_59": [{"tech_soil_comments": {"en": "Soil fertility is low\r\nSoil drainage/infiltration is good\r\nSoil water storage capacity is low (ranked 1) and very low (ranked 2)"}}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_verypoor", "tech_wealth_poor"], "tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_manual", "mechanisation_animal"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_subsistence", "tech_market_orientation_mixed"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_05_1"]}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_state"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_individual"]}], "tech_qg_76": [{"tech_impacts_cropproduction": 7}], "tech_qg_77": [{"tech_landuser_comments": {"en": "Population density: 100-200 persons/km2\r\nAnnual population growth: 2% - 3%\r\n60% of the land users are poor.\r\n40% of the land users are poor.\r\nLevel of mechanization: Manual work (ranked 1, tillage is primarily done manually) and animal traction (ranked 2, large portion of farmers use oxen plough on gentle slopes)"}}], "tech_qg_82": [{"tech_impacts_woodproduction": 7}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "labour"}}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_ETH", "state_province": {"en": "Dire Dawa"}, "further_location": {"en": "Legedon"}}], "tech_qg_113": [{"tech_impacts_community": 7}], "tech_qg_114": [{"tech_impacts_national": 7}], "tech_qg_115": [{"tech_impacts_slmknowledge": 7}], "tech_qg_125": [{"tech_impacts_soilmoisture": 7}], "tech_qg_127": [{"tech_impacts_soilloss": 7}], "tech_qg_147": [{"tech_impacts_downstreamflooding": 6}], "tech_qg_148": [{"tech_impacts_reliableflows": 7}], "tech_qg_149": [{"tech_impacts_downstreamsiltation": 7}], "tech_qg_160": [{"tech_implementation_decades": "implemenation_50_plus"}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "1.00"}, "tech_input_exchange_rate": 8.6, "tech_input_national_currency": {"en": "Birr"}}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_timing": {"en": "during early rains"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "land preparation"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "dry season"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "formation of bench terrace"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "dry season 1st application"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "manuring"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "during rains 2nd application"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "planting/pitting"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "off farming season/dry season"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "stone collection"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "off farming season/dry season"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "layout, digging foundation"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "off farming season/dry season"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "shaping stone"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "off farming season/dry season"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "placing of stone"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "off farming season/dry season"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "interlocking stone"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "off farming season/dry season"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "giving shape"}}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_verypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_positive"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_verypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_positive"}], "tech_qg_184": [{"user_id": "179", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}, {"country": "country_ETH", "person_lastname": {"en": "Tesema"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "Million Ajire "}, "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_specifications": {"en": "Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for land users: moderate\r\n\r\nMain technical functions: increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, expansion of cultivated area\r\n\r\nSecondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length\r\n\r\nMixed cropping / intercropping\r\nMaterial/ species: sorghum, soyabean\r\n\r\nContour planting / strip cropping\r\nMaterial/ species: oxen plough\r\n\r\nContour ridging\r\nRemarks: use basins to collect wate\r\n\r\nScattered / dispersed\r\nVegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs\r\nNumber of plants per (ha): 4000\r\nSpacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 5x5m\r\nVertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 30x30m\r\nWidth within rows / strips / blocks (m): 30x30m\r\n\r\nIn blocks\r\nVegetative material: O : other\r\nSpacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 30x30\r\nVertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 25x25\r\nWidth within rows / strips / blocks (m): 25x25\r\n\r\nFruit trees / shrubs species: mango, orange, prunus, papaya\r\n\r\nPerennial crops species: Coffee, Chat\r\n\r\nSlope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 3.00%\r\n\r\nIf the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 2.00%\r\n\r\nGradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%\r\n\r\nStructural measure: infiltration ditch / sediment sand / trap\r\nVertical interval between structures (m): 1.5\r\nSpacing between structures (m): 15-30\r\nDepth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.5\r\n\r\nSlope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%\r\n\r\nIf the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 3%\r\n\r\nLateral gradient along the structure: 0%\r\n\r\nFor water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:1\r\n\r\nVegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.\r\n\r\nChange of land use type: grazing lands are put under cultivation\r\n\r\nControl / change of species composition: incorporation of fruits and legume trees\r\n\r\nOther type of management: change of management / intensity level - intensity of cultivation and number of weeding has increased."}}], "tech_qg_189": [{"tech_impacts_other_measure": 6, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "Soil fertility"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "increased"}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_comments": {"en": "50% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support\r\n\r\nComments on acceptance with external material support: estimates\r\n\r\n50% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support\r\n\r\nComments on spontaneous adoption: estimates\r\n\r\nThere is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology\r\n\r\nComments on adoption trend: farmers who have implemented the technology have improved their income."}, "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_50_90"}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 429.0}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 63.0}], "tech_qg_225": [{"location_comments": {"en": "70% of the woreda is under this technology"}}], "tech_qg_232": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs_usd": 49.88}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 7.33}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "19/10/2005"}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1492178334519,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[41.85,9.549999999999997]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "high efficiency for storing soil and water,\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? frequent maintenanace and upgrading"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "durable"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "forms bench fast"}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 96}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "conserve moisture"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "increases yield"}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_1065/map/', 'template': 'raw'}