Technologies

Improved orchard with an integrated farming system [Cambodia]

Creation: 05/17/2017 10:06 a.m.
Update: 09/02/2019 8:58 a.m.
Compiler: Sok Pheak
Editors: Navin Chea, Sophea Tim
Reviewers: Nimul CHUN, Nicole Harari, Stephanie Jaquet, Ursula Gaemperli, Alexandra Gavilano

Oun Chamkar Kroch

technologies_2263 - Cambodia

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Completeness: 88%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

land user:

Keat Chetana

Land User

Cambodia

Chief of District Office of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Sambour:

{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 'vann vun', 'user_id': '3629', 'unknown_user': False, 'template': 'raw'}

Acting Chief of District Office of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Prek Prasab:

{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 'vann vun', 'user_id': '3629', 'unknown_user': False, 'template': 'raw'}

Official of District Office of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Chetr Borei:

Ly Saravuth

District Office of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Chetr Borei.

Cambodia

{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 6, 'label': 'Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 955, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) - Cambodia', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

Comments:

This practice mainly focus on the use of natural manure, including pig, cow and chicken manure as organic fertilizers and drip irrigation system to reduce water consumption on the crops.

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

The integrated farming system (IFS) includes basically the mixture of different farming components like crops, fruit tree cultivation, fish and livestock husbandry on the same farm plot. IFS help significantly to improve soil quality and crop production by using a minimum of external agricultural inputs.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Growing fruit trees is commonly practiced by Cambodian farmers, and there are different types of crops throughout the country. An integrated farming system is first of all an agricultural practice on a particular plot of land where crops, as well as livestock (pigs, and chickens), and fish are raised. The main purpose is to support and meet the farmers’ need in getting more benefits and at the same time to promote ecological balance in the region. The integration of all, crop production, fish and livestock, is a simple mixture that has been applied by most farmers. The case study here picks out one particular farmer who applied this technology on his orchard, in an area of less fertile soil. This soil bear normally lower yields e.g. also in fruit tree cultivation. The farmer grew four types of fruit trees within his orchard, which included 150 pomelo trees, 25 mango trees, 11 tamarind trees and 10 lemon trees. Furthermore he raised fish and livestock on his plot, both with the aim of improving the soil condition to get better yield and crop quality. The mixture of different farming components and the resources recycling within the orchard reduced the use of external agricultural inputs and led him to nearly closed material cycle on his farm. By this, he supports to a more balanced ecosystem in the farm surroundings. At the same time he became more resilient to climate change impacts. However it took the farmer several years to rehabilitate the soil conditions by applying this kind of integrated farming system.

On the 8,400 square meter plot, the farmer has established four ponds for irrigation and fish farming. The space between the pomelo and the lemon trees were 5 m. The mango and tamarind trees were grown along the ponds and the fence with a space of five meter shaped in square. The main product was pomelo; besides this, the farmer has also raised 11 pigs and 100 chickens placed in separate cages to avoid outbreaks of disease. In order to promote the growth of his fruit trees, he applied manure from his pigs, cow dung and chickens. The ground around the trees was covered by rice straw to improve the soil moisture. In addition he had installed drip irrigation pipes to minimize the workload and to save water. For this kind of integrated farming system it is necessary to divide up the plots for the purpose of growing crops, livestock and fish farming; and these areas should interact within the farm.

The farmer gains a large number of benefits from the integrated farming in terms of household consumption and income. It also helps to regulate the natural environment by providing windstorm protection. Another purpose is not to use chemical fertilizer by using manure from livestock. And finally, Pomelo represents an important income source for the farmers and it has a strong market demand. It can be harvested twice a year; From the fourth year of cultivation the yield of one pomelo tree is about 70 to 200 fruits depending on its size ; per fruit the farmer gets about 6000 Riel (2017). The challenge of this technology is the considerable amount of time and money to for establish the technology. Anyway, the farmer expressed difficulties in raising capital to invest into the technology.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

Media Gallery

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Cambodia

Region/ State/ Province:

Kaeng Prasat village, Sambour Commune, Sambour District, Kratie Province

Further specification of location:

Rural area

Specify the spread of the Technology:

evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, specify area covered (in km2):

0.0084

If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:

< 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

Comments:

In 2006, the planted on 4480 square meter, and in 2010 he expanded by around 3920 square meter.

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An integrated farming system is first of all an agricultural practice on a particular plot of land where crops, as well as livestock (pigs, and chickens), and fish are raised. The main purpose is to support and meet the farmers\u2019 need in getting more benefits and at the same time to promote ecological balance in the region. The integration of all, crop production, fish and livestock, is a simple mixture that has been applied by most farmers. The case study here picks out one particular farmer who applied this technology on his orchard, in an area of less fertile soil. This soil bear normally lower yields e.g. also in fruit tree cultivation. The farmer grew four types of fruit trees within his orchard, which included 150 pomelo trees, 25 mango trees, 11 tamarind trees and 10 lemon trees. Furthermore he raised fish and livestock on his plot, both with the aim of improving the soil condition to get better yield and crop quality. 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In order to promote the growth of his fruit trees, he applied manure from his pigs, cow dung and chickens. The ground around the trees was covered by rice straw to improve the soil moisture. In addition he had installed drip irrigation pipes to minimize the workload and to save water. For this kind of integrated farming system it is necessary to divide up the plots for the purpose of growing crops, livestock and fish farming; and these areas should interact within the farm.\r\n\r\nThe farmer gains a large number of benefits from the integrated farming in terms of household consumption and income. It also helps to regulate the natural environment by providing windstorm protection. Another purpose is not to use chemical fertilizer by using manure from livestock. And finally, Pomelo represents an important income source for the farmers and it has a strong market demand. It can be harvested twice a year; From the fourth year of cultivation the yield of one pomelo tree is about 70 to 200 fruits depending on its size ; per fruit the farmer gets about 6000 Riel (2017). The challenge of this technology is the considerable amount of time and money to for establish the technology. 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\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u179c\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u179b\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b8\u17a2\u17b6\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179a\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bc\u179b\u1795\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179a\u17d4 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bc\u179b\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 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\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1787\u17b8\u17d4 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a1\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u1796\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1795\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u179a\u17c0\u1784\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u179a\u178a\u17bc\u179c \u1782\u17ba\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1795\u179b\u17e2\u178a\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17e1\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1793\u17c5\u1781\u17c2\u1798\u17c1\u179f\u17b6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u17bb\u179b\u17b6\u17d4 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1795\u179b\u179b\u17be\u1780\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784 \u17e1 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1795\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1785\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c4\u17c7\u1796\u17b8 \u17e7\u17e0 \u1791\u17c5 \u17e2\u17e0\u17e0\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2 \u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d0\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6\u178a\u17be\u1798 (\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1791\u17b8\u17e4) \u17e1 \u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179b\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u17e6\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u179a\u17c0\u179b (\u17e2\u17e0\u17e1\u17e7)\u17d4 \u1795\u179b\u179c\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1782\u17ba \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f \u1794\u17be\u1791\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u1780\u17cf\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u1790\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1780\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1780\u1791\u17bb\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u1798\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_3": [{"tech_sites_considered": "sites_considered_single"}], "tech_qg_4": [{"tech_spread_area": "tech_spread_less_01", "tech_spread_tech": "tech_spread_evenly", "tech_spread_area_precise": 0.0084}], "tech_qg_5": [{"tech_who_implemented": ["implementation_innovation", "implementation_experiments"], "tech_who_implemented_comments": {"en": "The farmer has practiced this technology based on his own experience and innovation. He was used to fail due to the high flood in 2014 when the orchard remained only around 20%.", "km": "\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1794\u1791\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c4\u1792\u1793\u17cd\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u17c6\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u1785\u17d2\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u178c\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17d4 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u1793\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u1796\u17b8\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u17e2\u17e0\u17e1\u17e4 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u178f\u17c2 \u17e2\u17e0% \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u178e\u17c4\u17c7\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_production", "main_purpose_degradation", "main_purpose_economic"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Pig and chicken, fish, pomelo, mango, sweet tamarind and lemons on same agricultural plot (Integrated Farming System)\r\nLivestock density: 11 pigs, pig house is 42 square meter.", "km": "\u1785\u17b7\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b9\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784 \u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1799 \u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b7\u179b \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1786\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17b8\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799 (\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u17c7)\u17d4 \r\n\u178a\u1784\u17cb\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u178f\u17c1\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u1785\u17b7\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b9\u1798: \u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780\u17e1\u17e1 \u1780\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179b \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u17e4\u17e2 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17c1"}}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_agronomic", "tech_measures_structural", "tech_measures_management"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland", "tech_lu_grazingland"]}], "qg_sources": [{"sources_used": ["source_field", "source_interviews_landusers", "source_interviews_experts"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_growing_seasons": "growing_season_1", "tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ct"], "tech_growing_seasons_specify": {"en": "Havesting of pomelo: 2 times", "km": "\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1795\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e2\u178a\u1784 \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17e1\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u17d4"}, "tech_lu_cropland_tree_shrub_cropping_crops": ["tree_shrub_509", "tree_shrub_503"], "tech_lu_cropland_tree_shrub_cropping_crops_other": {"en": "sweet tamarind", "km": "\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b7\u179b\u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17c2\u1798\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_11": [{"tech_lu_grazingland_animals": ["animals_60", "animals_54"]}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_mixed", "tech_watersupply_comments": {"en": "When there is a lack of water, ponds are needed, as water from the river is to far away (0.5 km) and the water from the dam is even farer away (3km).", "km": "\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1781\u17d2\u179c\u17c7\u1781\u17b6\u178f\u1791\u17b9\u1780 \u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u1780\u1798\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1791\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c1\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b \u17e0,\u17e5 \u1782\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799 \u17e3\u1782\u1798\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_croplivestock", "tech_slm_group_soilfertility", "tech_slm_group_irrigation"]}], "tech_qg_21": [{"tech_measures_agronomic_sub": ["measures_agronomic_a2"]}], "tech_qg_23": [{"tech_measures_structural_sub": ["measures_structural_s5", "measures_structural_s7"]}], "tech_qg_24": [{"tech_measures_management_sub": ["measures_management_m1", "measures_management_m6"]}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_chemical", "degradation_physical", "degradation_water"]}], "tech_qg_30": [{"degradation_chemical_sub": ["degradation_cn"]}], "tech_qg_31": [{"degradation_physical_sub": ["degradation_pw"]}], "tech_qg_33": [{"degradation_water_sub": ["degradation_ha"]}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_reduce_ld", "intervention_rehabilitate"], "tech_prevention_comments": {"en": "As the topsoil is of quite bad quality for the crop growing in the area. Thus, the land user has to buy soil from other areas and bring it into his soil for improving the soil fertility there.", "km": "\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179b\u17be\u1796\u17bb\u17c6\u179f\u17bc\u179c\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1796\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6 \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17b8\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1791\u17b7\u1789\u178a\u17b8\u1796\u17b8\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17b8\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u178a\u17c6\u17b6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_36": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "person-day", "km": "\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb-\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 20000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Forest clearing and land preparation", "km": "\u1780\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1786\u17d2\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c3 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u178a\u17b8"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 7.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 140000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "person-day", "km": "\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb-\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 20000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Digging pond", "km": "\u1787\u17b8\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 170.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 3400000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "person-day", "km": "\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb-\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 20000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Tube system installation", "km": "\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1791\u17bb\u1799\u17c4\u1791\u17b9\u1780"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 10.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 200000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "person-day", "km": "\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb-\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 20000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Planting of fruit trees", "km": "\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1788\u17be\u17a0\u17bc\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 7.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 140000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_37": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Set", "km": "\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 1600000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Pumping machine", "km": "\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1793\u1794\u17bc\u1798\u1791\u17b9\u1780"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 3.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 4800000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Piece", "km": "\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 20000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Knife", "km": "\u1780\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b7\u178f"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 20000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Piece", "km": "\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 25000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Ax", "km": "\u1796\u17bc\u1790\u17c5"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 25000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Pair", "km": "\u1782\u17bc\u179a"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 14000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Two handled basket", "km": "\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17b8\u179a"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 14000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Piece", "km": "\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 20000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Hoe", "km": "\u1785\u1794"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 20000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Package", "km": "\u178a\u17bb\u17c6"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 8000000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Tube system", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1791\u17bb\u1799\u17c4"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 8000000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_38": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Tree", "km": "\u178a\u17be\u1798"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 60000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Pomelo tree", "km": "\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 30.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 1800000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Tree", "km": "\u178a\u17be\u1798"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 6000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Mango tree", "km": "\u178a\u17be\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1799"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 25.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 150000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Tree", "km": "\u178a\u17be\u1798"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 15000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Lemon", "km": "\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1786\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u179a"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 10.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 150000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Tree", "km": "\u178a\u17be\u1798"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 80000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Tamarind", "km": "\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b7\u179b"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 11.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 880000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_39": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Piece", "km": "\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 16000000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Pig house", "km": "\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 16000000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_40": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Number", "km": "\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 1200000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "3 mother pigs and 1 boar", "km": "\u1798\u17c1\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u17e3\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780\u1794\u17b6 \u17e1"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 4.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 4800000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "32 weeks", "km": "\u17e3\u17e2 \u179f\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u17a0\u17cd"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Watering once per week, if hotter, 4 days per week", "km": "\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1785\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e1\u178a\u1784 \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17e1\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u17a0\u17cd \u1794\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u178f\u17c5\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u1782\u17ba\u17e4\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1785\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u1784"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "Once per 6 months", "km": "\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b \u17e6\u1781\u17c2 \u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u1784"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Cow dug once per 6 month", "km": "\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1782\u17c4\u17e6\u1781\u17c2\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u1784"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "Presence of insects", "km": "\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17b7\u178f"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Pesticide spraying", "km": "\u1794\u17b6\u1789\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "Clearing per year", "km": "\u17e1 \u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u1784"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Branches and leaves cutting", "km": "\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1798\u17c2\u1780 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u1780"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "one week", "km": "\u17e1 \u179f\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u17a0\u17cd"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Grass clearing", "km": "\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u178f\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17c5"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "Person-day", "km": "\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb-\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 20000.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Maintaining labour", "km": "\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u179b\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1790\u17c2\u1791\u17b6\u17c6"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 240.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 4800000.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_47": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "Liter", "km": "\u179b\u17b8\u178f\u17d2\u179a"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 3000.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Diesel", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1784\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u179f\u17bc\u178f"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 315.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 945000.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_1001_1500"], "tech_rainfall_annual": 1138.2, "tech_rainfall_meteostation": {"en": "Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (2015)", "km": "\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17bd\u1784\u1792\u1793\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b9\u1780 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a7\u178f\u17bb\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u1798 (\u17e2\u17e0\u17e1\u17e5)"}, "tech_rainfall_specifications": {"en": "In 2015, the annual rainfall was 1138.2 mm, \r\nin 2014, the annual rainfall was 1696.5 mm,\r\nIn 2013, the annual rainfall was 1661.8 mm.", "km": "\u1793\u17c5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u17e2\u17e0\u17e1\u17e5 \u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17c0\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u17e1\u17e1\u17e3\u17e8.\u17e2 \u1798\u1798\r\n\u1793\u17c5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u17e2\u17e0\u17e1\u17e4 \u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17c0\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u17e1\u17e6\u17e9\u17e6.\u17e5 \u1798\u1798\r\n\u1793\u17c5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u17e2\u17e0\u17e1\u17e3 \u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17c0\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u17e1\u17e6\u17e6\u17e1.\u17e8 \u1798\u1798"}}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_subhumid"]}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_flat"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_plateau"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_0_100"]}], "tech_qg_57": [{"tech_convex_concave": "topography_not_relevant"}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_shallow"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_low"], "tech_soil_texture_20cm": ["tech_soil_texture_medium"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_coarse"]}], "tech_qg_60": [{"tech_groundwater": "tech_groundwater_5_50m", "tech_surfacewater": "tech_surfacewater_good", "tech_waterquality": "tech_waterquality_agriculturaluse"}], "tech_qg_61": [{"tech_salinization": 0}], "tech_qg_63": [{"tech_flooding": 1}], "tech_qg_64": [{"tech_flooding_regularity": "tech_flooding_episodically"}], "tech_qg_65": [{"tech_water_comments": {"en": "It was not inundated over the last 3 years. The farmer uses four ponds for watering. ", "km": "\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b \u17e3\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u179b\u17b7\u1785\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u178f\u17c2\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17e4 \u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1785\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_66": [{"tech_habitatdiversity": "measure_low", "tech_speciesdiversity": "measure_medium"}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_gender": ["gender_men"], "tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_average"], "tech_individuals": ["individuals_individual"], "tech_age_landusers": ["tech_age_middle"], "tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_manual", "mechanisation_mechanised"], "tech_offfarm_income": ["offfarm_income_50_plus"], "tech_sedentary_nomadic": ["sedentary_sedentary"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_commercial"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_50_100"], "tech_land_comments": {"en": "Compared to the local context, he had the total area owned, including the land where no technology applied such as implementing technology area 0.84 hectares, land without any agriculture activities 3 hectares, paddy field 60 hectares, and crop land 0.05 hectares. \r\n", "km": "\u1794\u17be\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1792\u17c0\u1794\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1794\u1791\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6\u17d6 \u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f \u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e0.\u17e8\u17e4 \u17a0\u17b7\u1780\u178f\u17b6 \u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17c1\u179a\u1785\u17c4\u179b\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e3\u17a0\u17b7\u1780\u178f\u17b6 \u178a\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c2 \u17e6\u17e0 \u17a0\u17b7\u1780\u178f\u17b6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6 \u17e0.\u17e0\u17e5\u17a0\u17b7\u1780\u178f\u17b6\u17d4"}, "tech_land_size_relative": ["tech_size_mediumscale"]}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_individualtitled"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_individual"], "tech_wateruserights": ["tech_userights_openaccess"]}], "tech_qg_76": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Although the farmer cultivated always on less fertile soil, by the Integrated Farming System he was able to optimize substantially the production (by large variety of different cultures on a limited space and products such as fruit trees, pigs, fish, more efficiency at cycling of nutrients and farm materials, etc ).", "km": "\u1791\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17bb\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17cf\u178a\u17c4\u1799 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u17c7 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784 (\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6\u17d6 \u1788\u17be\u17a0\u17bc\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2 \u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u178a\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1785\u17b7\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b9\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1797\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u17d7\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u17d4\u179b\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_cropproduction": 6}], "tech_qg_77": [{"tech_landuser_comments": {"en": "The land user is 47 years old and his wife is a seller of grocery nearby district market.", "km": "\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb \u17e4\u17e7\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u1780\u179a\u179b\u1780\u17cb\u178a\u17bc\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_78": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The pest control and the soil fertility by applying organic fertilizer have been improved slightly due to the fact that the farm ecosystem is better balanced now. In addition, he has enough ponds which ensure the water supply to the crops all year round. This may be reasons that he gets far better crop quality, now.", "km": "\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17b7\u178f\u1785\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c3 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17be\u179a\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u17a2\u17c1\u1780\u17bc\u17a1\u17bc\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17c6\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1798\u1780\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4 \u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17c0\u178f \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1799\u1780\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1785\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u17d4 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1795\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_cropquality": 6}], "tech_qg_85": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "By the advantages of the mixed production system he was able to alleviate the farming risks caused by the exposure to climate change related uncertainties such as floods, change in rainfall pattern, drought, fluctuating market prices and diseases.", "km": "\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u17c7\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u17a0\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1797\u17d0\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6\u17d6 \u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u1793\u17cb \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u179a\u1794\u1794\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17c0\u1784 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u17bd\u178f \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1791\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17c6\u1784\u17ba\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u17d7\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_productionfailure": 6}], "tech_qg_86": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Compared with the past, where he didn\u2019t implement IFS on his farm (mono-cropping), the product diversity now has been increased substantially and was reinforced by the good market demand during the last years.", "km": "\u1794\u17be\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1792\u17c0\u1794\u1796\u17b8\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17cd\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb (\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1791\u17c4\u179b) \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17cd\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17bd\u179a\u1794\u17c2\u1794\u1793\u17c3\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u1780\u17c6\u17a1\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u17d7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1795\u179b\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_productdiversity": 6}], "tech_qg_88": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Although the soil is difficult to grow fruit trees, he was able to improve the soil by using organic fertilizers (pigs, cow dung, and chicken manure). In consequence, the the land management was simplified", "km": "\u1794\u17be\u1791\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17b8\u1796\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17bb\u17c7\u1788\u17be\u17a0\u17bc\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u1799\u17b6\u1799\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1787\u17b8\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782(\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u1782\u17c4 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17cb)\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_landmanagement": 6}], "tech_qg_93": [{"tech_input_est_comments": {"en": "There are four ponds surrounding the orchard. Three of them were excavated by external labour force. The farmer spent 200,000 Riel per hour while the digging required 17 hours in total equal to 3,400,000 Riel (in the cost table above, the indications of this item has been converted into person-day). Another one was dug by removing the land for farm preparation when the orchard was established in 1998. Although farmer cultivates 150 pomelo on his plot, he bought only 30 trees from outside, 120 trees he had already on his farm.", "km": "\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e4 \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784 \u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e3 \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17bd\u179b\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u179b\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1782\u17b7\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17c9\u17c4\u1784\u17d4 \u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799 \u17e2\u17e0\u17e0,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u179a\u17c0\u179b \u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 \u17e1\u1798\u17c9\u17c4\u1784 \u179f\u179a\u17bb\u1794 \u17e1\u17e7 \u1798\u17c9\u17c4\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17be\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u17e3,\u17e4\u17e0\u17e0,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u179a\u17c0\u179b (\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u1791\u17c5\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb-\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3)\u17d4 \u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c2\u1780\u17af\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1791\u17c0\u178f \u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u1780\u1799\u1780\u178a\u17b8\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u17e1\u17e9\u17e9\u17e8 \u1798\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4 \u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e1\u17e5\u17e0 \u178a\u17be\u1798 \u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u178f\u17c2\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b7\u1789\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784 \u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e3\u17e0 \u178a\u17be\u1798 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u178e\u17c4\u17c7\u1796\u17b8\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5 \u17e1\u17e2\u17e0\u178a\u17be\u1798 \u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "The farmer spent a lot of money on building pig house which cost 16,000,000 Riel equal to 4000 USD, tube system cost 8,000,000 Riel equal to 2000 USD, pumping machine cost 4,800,000 Riel equal to 1200 USD. In addition, he also spent on digging pond which cost 3,4000,000 Riel equal to 850USD. These components of the technology affects the costs for the establishement very much.", "km": "\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u179c\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e1\u17e6,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u179a\u17c0\u179b \u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17be\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u17e4\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u178a\u17bb\u179b\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179a \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1791\u17bb\u1799\u17c4\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e8,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0\u179a\u17c0\u179b \u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17be\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u17e2\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u178a\u17bb\u179b\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179a \u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1793\u1794\u17c9\u17bc\u1798\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e4,\u17e8\u17e0\u17e0,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0\u179a\u17c0\u179b \u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17be\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u17e1\u17e2\u17e0\u17e0 \u178a\u17bb\u179b\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b8\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1780\u17cf\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u179c\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e3,\u17e4\u17e0\u17e0,\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u179a\u17c0\u179b \u179f\u17d2\u1798\u17be\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u17e8\u17e5\u17e0 \u178a\u17bb\u179b\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179a\u17d4 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17c7\u17a5\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1796\u179b\u1791\u17c5\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_98": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "After the digging fo the ponds, water for the livestock, the pigs and the chicken is available all year round.", "km": "\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1785\u17b7\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b9\u1798\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17d6 \u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1787\u17b8\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_livestockwateravailability": 6}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_KHM", "state_province": {"en": "Kaeng Prasat village, Sambour Commune, Sambour District, Kratie Province", "km": "\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7\u1780\u17c2\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1791 \u1783\u17bb\u17c6\u179f\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179a \u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u179f\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179a \u1781\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17c1\u17c7"}, "further_location": {"en": "Rural area", "km": "\u1787\u1793\u1794\u1791"}}], "tech_qg_100": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The farmer used the water from the new ponds for watering fruit trees.", "km": "\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1785\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_irrigationwateravailability": 6}], "tech_qg_103": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Spending more money on establishment activities (mainly the pig house, irrigation system and the ponds etc).", "km": "\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u179c\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f (\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17be \u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1785\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1796 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17b8\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u17d4\u179b\u17d4)\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_expenses": 2}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Due to good market prices for his pomelo variety, the supplement fish production and the nearly close nutrient cycle on his farm that reduced the expenditure on chemical fertilizer the income increased constantly.", "km": "\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1791\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1796\u17bc\u1787\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u178a\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17c3\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1785\u17b7\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b9\u1798\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u178a\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u17b7\u1789\u1787\u17b8\u1782\u17b8\u1798\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u1795\u179b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bc\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u17c6\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_farmincome": 6}], "tech_qg_105": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Compared to the former mono-cropping system, the large variety of products produced on his farm since 1998 has diversified the income sources substantially through this technology.", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1792\u17c0\u1794\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1791\u17c4\u179b \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1796\u17bc\u1787\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u17e1\u17e9\u17e9\u17e8 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bc\u179b\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_diversityincome": 7}], "tech_qg_107": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Using pumping machine for irrigating the fruit trees.", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1793\u1794\u17bc\u1798\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1785\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u1788\u17be\u17a0\u17bc\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_workload": 6}], "tech_qg_108": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The diversification of the production in very good quality providing good nutrition to human also enhanced the food security, as there are always farm products which can be sold on the market.", "km": "\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u17c7\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1785\u17b7\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b9\u1798\u178a\u17cf\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17be\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u1793\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179f \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17bd\u1799\u179b\u17be\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17bd\u1799\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u179f\u17bb\u1781\u179f\u17d2\u1794\u17c0\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179b\u1780\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1791\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179a\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_foodsecurity": 6}], "tech_qg_109": [{"tech_impacts_health": 7, "tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "No chemical fertilizer and less of pesticide is used now.", "km": "\u178a\u17b8\u17a2\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u1782\u17b8\u1798\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17b7\u178f\u178f\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17bd\u1785\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_110": [{"tech_impacts_landuse": 7, "tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Due to the ponds on own farm area, the water right security has been improved significantly. However, he was already in possession of land titles.", "km": "\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17b8\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793 \u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17be\u179a\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17d4 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1794\u17cb(\u1794\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u17b9\u1784)\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_112": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "As in paradise \u2013 that\u2019s what it feels walking through the multi-purpose and inspiring farm area. The farmer enjoys farming under these conditions.\u201d", "km": "\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17be\u179a\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17a0\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17c4\u1787\u1793\u17cd\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u17d4 \u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u1781\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u1794\u17c2\u1794\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_recreational": 7}], "tech_qg_113": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "By his success of practicing the technology of IFS, he was able to share his knowledge with local people on farm. In addition, he propagated (macrotting) pomelo tree plants and shared them with village people free of charge (one pomelo tree plant per family who was interested to plant this kind of crop).", "km": "\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1787\u17c4\u1782\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17cd\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u179a\u17c6\u179b\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c1\u17c7\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u17d4 \u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17c0\u178f \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17bb\u17c6\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a5\u178f\u1782\u17b7\u178f\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17c3(\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u17be\u1798)\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_community": 7}], "tech_qg_114": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Relevant stakeholders are interested in the integrated farming system.", "km": "\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1794\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u17c7\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_national": 7}], "tech_qg_115": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "He understands now that it was necessary to add fertile soil from other places to the degraded land in regard to improve the crop growing. In addition, he learned how to avoid chemical fertilizer which could make the soil compact and finally in the future less fertile. Further, he learned by experience how to apply organic fertilizers that enhanced the land rehabilitation.", "km": "\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u179b\u17cb \u179c\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178e\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1799\u1780\u1796\u17b8\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17b8\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17bb\u17c7\u179b\u17bc\u178f\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17d4 \u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17c0\u178f \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1785\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17c0\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u1782\u17b8\u1798\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u178a\u17b8\u17a0\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17d7\u1793\u17b6\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17a2\u1793\u17b6\u1782\u178f\u17d4 \u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1794\u1791\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c4\u1792\u1793\u17cd\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179a\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u17b1\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u178a\u17b8\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17be\u179a\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_slmknowledge": 7}], "tech_qg_120": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "There are 4 ponds for rainfall water harvesting to irrigat crop or animals raising during drought.", "km": "\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e4\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17c0\u1784\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb \u1791\u17bb\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1785\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6 \u17ac\u1785\u17b8\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b9\u1798\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u17bd\u178f\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_harvestingwater": 6}], "tech_qg_122": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The larger amount of installed pipes improved substantially the excess water drainage.", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1791\u17bb\u1799\u17c4\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178f\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u17a0\u17bc\u179a\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_waterdrainage": 7}], "tech_qg_124": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The shadow from the fruit trees and the rice straw as soil cover reduced the evaporation.", "km": "\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1788\u17be \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1785\u17c6\u1794\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u178a\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u179a\u17c6\u17a0\u17bd\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_evaporation": 5}], "tech_qg_125": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The soil moisture increased as he covers the soil by rice straw and fruit trees.", "km": "\u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u1798\u178a\u17b8\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17be\u179a\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1794\u17be\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1788\u17be\u17a0\u17bc\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1795\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179a\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_soilmoisture": 6}], "tech_qg_126": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The high amount of fruit trees cover soil very well. In addition, rice straw is covering the soil arround the fruit tree trunks.", "km": "\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1788\u17be\u17a0\u17bc\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17b8\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17c1\u179a\u1785\u17c4\u179b\u17d4 \u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1791\u17c5\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1785\u17c6\u1794\u17be\u1784\u1780\u17cf\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u1780\u1798\u1780\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179b\u17be\u1782\u179b\u17cb\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1795\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179a\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_soilcover": 6}], "tech_qg_129": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Due to the regular application of organic fertilizer and rice straw the soil crusting and sealing can be minimized.", "km": "\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1785\u17c6\u1794\u17be\u1784 \u178a\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17d7\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_soilcrusting": 7}], "tech_qg_133": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The application of organic fertilizer (pigs, cow dung, and chicken manure) increased the soil organic matter.", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1787\u17b8\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782 (\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u1782\u17c4 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17cb) \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178a\u17b8\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_soilorganicmatter": 6}], "tech_qg_136": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Due to the higher variety of fruit trees.", "km": "\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17bd\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u17a0\u17bc\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_plantdiversity": 7}], "tech_qg_145": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "This integrated farming system avoids plant and fruit diseases and pests substantially due to favourable environmental conditions (better microclimate, better balancing of pests and beneficial organisms).", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u17c7\u1787\u17c0\u179f\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17c6\u1784\u17ba\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u1781\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793 (\u1798\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17be\u179a\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u179a\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179b\u17c6\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17b7\u178f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u179c\u17c8\u179a\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17c4\u1787\u1793\u17cd\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178a\u17b8\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_pestcontrol": 7}], "tech_qg_156": [{"tech_sustainability": 0, "tech_sustainability_indicate": {"en": "This practice mainly focus on the use of natural manure, including pig, cow and chicken manure as organic fertilizers and drip irrigation system to reduce water consumption on the crops.", "km": "\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u178f\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b8\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u1782\u17c4 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u17b8\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u179b\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u17a0\u17bc\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_160": [{"tech_implementation_year": 1998}], "tech_qg_163": [{"tech_perarea_size": {"en": "0.84 ha", "km": "\u17e0.\u17e8\u17e4 \u17a0\u17b7\u1780\u178f\u17b6"}}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "20000 KHR", "km": "\u17e2\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0\u17e0 \u179a\u17c0\u179b"}, "tech_input_exchange_rate": 4000.0, "tech_input_national_currency": {"en": "KHR (Riel)", "km": "\u179a\u17c0\u179b"}}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Dry season", "km": "\u1781\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Forest clearing", "km": "\u1780\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1786\u17d2\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c3\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u178f\u178a\u17b8"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Dry season", "km": "\u179a\u178a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Dig pond", "km": "\u1787\u17b8\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Dry season", "km": "\u179a\u178a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Land preparation and tube system", "km": "\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u178a\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u17bb\u1799\u17c4\u1791\u17b9\u1780"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "During September", "km": "\u1781\u17c2\u1780\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Create circular earth bund around each fruit tree trunks and the soil mixed with organic fertilizer (pigs, cow dung, and chicken manure)", "km": "\u1796\u17bc\u1793\u178a\u17b8 \u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b8\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1787\u17b8\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782(\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u1782\u17c4 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17cb)"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "During September", "km": "\u1781\u17c2\u1780\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "buying seedling", "km": "\u1791\u17b7\u1789\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "During September", "km": "\u1781\u17c2\u1780\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Growing fruit seedlings", "km": "\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u1780\u17bc\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1788\u17be\u17a0\u17bc\u1794\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17c2"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Dry season", "km": "\u179a\u178a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Building the pig house and tube system to flow the manure", "km": "\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1791\u17bb\u1799\u17c4\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u17a0\u17bc\u179a\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1785\u17c1\u1789"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Dry season", "km": "\u179a\u178a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Buying pig", "km": "\u1791\u17b7\u1789\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Dry season", "km": "\u179a\u178a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Buying pig fodder", "km": "\u1791\u17b7\u1789\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b8\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780"}}], "tech_qg_168": [{"tech_exposure_incrdecr": "increase", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_169": [{"tech_exposure_season": "season_rainy", "tech_exposure_incrdecr": "increase", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_very_well"}, {"tech_exposure_season": "season_dry", "tech_exposure_incrdecr": "decrease", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_171": [{"tech_exposure_season": "season_rainy", "tech_exposure_incrdecr": "increase", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}, {"tech_exposure_season": "season_dry", "tech_exposure_incrdecr": "increase", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_not_well_at_all"}], "tech_qg_177": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_178": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_verypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_negative"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_verypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_negative"}], "tech_qg_184": [{"country": "country_KHM", "person_gender": "gender_male", "person_lastname": {"en": "Keat", "km": "\u1785\u17c1\u178f\u1793\u17b6"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "Chetana", "km": "\u1782\u17b6\u178f"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "Land User", "km": "\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17b8"}, "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_landuser"}, {"user_id": "3635", "person_lastname": {"en": "\u1785\u17c1\u178f\u1793\u17b6", "km": "\u1785\u17c1\u178f\u1793\u17b6"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "\u1782\u17b6\u178f", "km": "\u1782\u17b6\u178f"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a", "km": "\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a"}, "user_resourceperson_other": {"en": "Chief of District Office of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Sambour", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u179b\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u179a\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1789\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u179f\u17b6\u1791\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u179f\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u179a"}}, {"user_id": "3629", "user_resourceperson_other": {"en": "Acting Chief of District Office of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Prek Prasab", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u179b\u17d0\u1799\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u179a\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1789\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u179f\u17b6\u1791\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u1796\u17d2\u179c"}}, {"country": "country_KHM", "person_gender": "gender_male", "person_lastname": {"en": "Ly", "km": "\u179b\u17b8"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "Saravuth", "km": "\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u179c\u17bb\u1792"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "District Office of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Chetr Borei.", "km": "\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u179b\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u179a\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1789\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u179f\u17b6\u1791\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17bb\u179a\u17b8"}, "user_resourceperson_other": {"en": "Official of District Office of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Chetr Borei", "km": "\u1798\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u179b\u17d0\u1799\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u179a\u17bb\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1789\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u179f\u17b6\u1791\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17bb\u179a\u17b8"}}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "120ab994-5b30-440c-9b5c-3453228bdc7e", "tech_drawing_date": "07/04/2017", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Mr. Khuon Sophal", "km": "\u179b\u17c4\u1780 \u1783\u17bd\u1793 \u179f\u17bb\u1795\u179b"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "The integrated farming system is implemented on 8400 square meter of the land, including fruit trees such as 150 pomelo trees, 25 mango trees, 11 mango trees, and 10 lemon trees. Beside this, the farmer has four ponds for fish raising and irrigation, and 11 pigs which are putted separately in the cage of 42 square meter. The farmer grows the pomelo and lemon on row lines, the space between them is 5 m. Each pomelo and each lemon tree trunk is surrounded by the circular earth bund of 30 cm in height and at a diameter of 1m. They cover 240 square meters of the whole land area. The distance between the mango trees is 5 m and they surround the fishing ponds.", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u1780\u1798\u1780\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17cd\u179b\u17be\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e8\u17e4\u17e0\u17e0 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17c1 \u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e1\u17e5\u17e0 \u178a\u17be\u1798 \u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e2\u17e5 \u178a\u17be\u1798 \u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b7\u179b\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e1\u17e1 \u178a\u17be\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1786\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e1\u17e0 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d4 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1796\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7 \u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793\u1794\u17bd\u1793 \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1785\u17b7\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1785\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780\u1785\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u1793 \u17e1\u17e1 \u1780\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179b \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6 \u17e4\u17e2 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17c1 \u178a\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17a1\u17c2\u1780\u1796\u17b8\u1782\u17c1\u17d4 \u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1786\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u17bd\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c4\u17c7 \u17e5 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17d4 \u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u1782\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1786\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u178a\u17b8\u179b\u17be\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17ba\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u179a\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u1784\u17cb\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6\u17a2\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1785\u17b7\u178f \u17e1 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb \u17e3\u17e0 \u179f\u1784\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a \u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8 \u17e2\u17e4\u17e0 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17c1\u17d4 \u1785\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c4\u17c7\u178a\u17be\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u17c2\u1784 \u17e5 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a \u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u1787\u17bb\u17c6\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_187": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The water quantity has not increased because the scare water in the dry season has to be considered and the high quantity of water during flood time can not be taken into account.", "km": "The water quantity has not increased because the scare water in the dry season has to be considered and the high quantity of water during flood time can not be taken into account."}}], "tech_qg_190": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Animal manure is impacted", "km": "\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u1780\u17cf\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179a"}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_percentage": "adoption_percentage_singlecases", "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_90_100"}], "tech_qg_192": [{"tech_adaptation_modification": "adaptation_modification_extremes"}], "tech_qg_199": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_202": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_205": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_217": [{"tech_cost_calculation_base": "tech_input_calc_per_area"}], "tech_qg_218": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Bag", "km": "\u1794\u17b6\u179c"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 3000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Cow dung and pig manure", "km": "\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1782\u17c4 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 33.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 99000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_219": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "Bag", "km": "\u1794\u17b6\u179c"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 44000.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Organic fertilizer (pigs, cow dung, and chicken manure)", "km": "\u1787\u17b8\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782 (\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1780 \u1782\u17c4 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17cb)"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 50.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 2200000.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_220": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "During drought situations, the farmer can use now water from ponds to irrigate the fruit trees.", "km": "\u17a2\u17c6\u17a1\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1787\u17bd\u1794\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u1784\u17bd\u178f \u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1785\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u179b\u17be\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17d4"}, "tech_impacts_droughtimpacts": 6}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 40638000.0}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 7945000.0}], "tech_qg_225": [{"location_comments": {"en": "In 2006, the planted on 4480 square meter, and in 2010 he expanded by around 3920 square meter.", "km": "\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u17e2\u17e0\u17e0\u17e6 \u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u178a\u17b8 \u17e4\u17e4\u17e8\u17e0 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17c1 \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u1780\u1796\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6 \u17e3\u17e9\u17e2\u17e0 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17c1 \u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 \u17e2\u17e0\u17e1\u17e0\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_226": [{"tech_access_roads": 3, "tech_access_water": 2, "tech_access_energy": 2, "tech_access_health": 3, "tech_access_markets": 3, "tech_access_education": 3, "tech_access_financial": 2, "tech_access_employment": 2, "tech_access_techassistance": 2}], "tech_qg_230": [{"tech_adaptation_yes": 1}], "tech_qg_232": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs_usd": 10159.5}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 1986.25}], "tech_qg_235": [{"tech_lu_mixed": 1, "tech_lu_mixed_select": "lu_mixed_ma"}], "tech_qg_236": [{"tech_lu_grazingland_pop_count": 11, "tech_lu_grazingland_pop_species": "animals_54"}], "tech_qg_237": [{"tech_initial_landuse_changed": "initial_landuse_changed_yes"}], "tech_qg_239": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_forest"]}], "tech_qg_249": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Before, forest land was kept for a long time on this plot.", "km": "\u1796\u17b8\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c3\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1785\u17c4\u179b\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1799\u17bc\u179a\u1798\u1780\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17d4"}}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "07/04/2017"}], "qg_references": [{"references_title": {"en": "Seng, V. (2010). Agricultural Best Practices for Sustainable Land Management in Cambodia. Phnom Penh: Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute.", "km": "Seng, V. (2010). Agricultural Best Practices for Sustainable Land Management in Cambodia, Phnom Penh: Cambodia Agricultural Research and Development Institute"}, "references_source": {"en": "CARDI", "km": "CARDI"}}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1495162122331,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[105.97313399999999,12.761083]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_sources_field": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "1 specific place", "km": "\u17e1 \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784"}}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 6}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "The soil\u2019s quality is improved due to integrated farming and the use of organic fertilizer.", "km": "\u178a\u17b8\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17be\u179a\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u17c7 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1787\u17b8\u179f\u179a\u17b8\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17d4"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "The crops are long-lasting and can continue to be harvested annually.", "km": "\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u17a2\u17b6\u1799\u17bb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1795\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u17d4"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Labor and time are saved by using an irrigation system.", "km": "\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c1\u1789\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u179b\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u17d4"}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 955}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "High market price for the products.", "km": "\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1791\u17b8\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179b\u1780\u17cb\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u17d4"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "He spends almost all his free time to work in the farm to relax and enjoy farming.", "km": "\u1782\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17c1\u179a\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u17bc\u179a\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u17d4"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "More income for the land user's family.", "km": "\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c1\u1789\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17d4"}}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "Need to invest more capital.", "km": "\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1791\u1793\u17cb\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u17d4"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "This should be done step by step.", "km": "\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u1798\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1785\u17d7"}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "Less fertile soil", "km": "\u178a\u17b8\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u17d4"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Soil conversion by mixing animal manure and fertile soil and spreading this on the area\u2019s crop land.", "km": "\u1780\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1787\u17b8\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1799\u1780\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u1798\u1780\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u17d4"}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "The high expense on digging the ponds.", "km": "\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u179c\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b8\u1780\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u17d4"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Taking time and money before practicing the technique.", "km": "\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1790\u179c\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17d4"}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "Pomelo could not be able to grow in the wet soil.", "km": "\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1785\u1790\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17bb\u17c7\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u17c6\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17d4"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Change crop varieties.", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u1796\u17bc\u1787\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u17d4"}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "During the drought period, the technology practice has an increase in the number of insects, and they sometime could not be able to control like happening in 2015.", "km": "\u1793\u17c5\u179a\u178a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17d2\u178f\u17c5\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17b7\u178f\u1785\u1784\u17d2\u179a\u17c3 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7\u1780\u179f\u17b7\u1780\u179a\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u17e2\u17e0\u17e1\u17e5 \u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d4"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Use pesticide to kill the insects.", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17b7\u178f\u17d4"}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "The soil within the farm is difficult to convert from less fertile soil to fertile soil, and take many years to be ready for cropping. It is called Prateah Lang soil.", "km": "\u178a\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u178a\u17b8\u1781\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1785 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u178a\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1796\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u1780\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1786\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17bb\u17c7\u17d4"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Change the type of soil for cropping by using a mixture of animal manure and mountain soil.", "km": "\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u178a\u17b8\u178a\u17b6\u17c6\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u17c6\u1799\u1780\u1787\u17b8\u179b\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179c\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u17b8\u1797\u17d2\u1793\u17c6\u17d4"}}], "qg_sources_interviews_experts": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "3 persons", "km": "\u17e3 \u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb"}}], "qg_sources_interviews_landusers": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "1 person", "km": "\u17e1 \u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb"}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_2263/map/', 'template': 'raw'}

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

1998

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

through land users' innovation
during experiments/ research

Comments (type of project, etc.):

The farmer has practiced this technology based on his own experience and innovation. He was used to fail due to the high flood in 2014 when the orchard remained only around 20%.

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

improve production
reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Yes

Specify mixed land use (crops/ grazing/ trees):

Agro-silvopastoralism

Cropland

Tree and shrub cropping

Tree and shrub cropping - Specify crops:

mango, mangosteen, guava
citrus

sweet tamarind

Number of growing seasons per year:

Specify:

Havesting of pomelo: 2 times

Grazing land

Animal type:

poultry
swine

Species:

swine

Count:

Comments:

Pig and chicken, fish, pomelo, mango, sweet tamarind and lemons on same agricultural plot (Integrated Farming System)
Livestock density: 11 pigs, pig house is 42 square meter.

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Yes (Please fill out the questions below with regard to the land use before implementation of the Technology)

Forest/ woodlands

Comments:

Before, forest land was kept for a long time on this plot.

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

mixed rainfed-irrigated

Comments:

When there is a lack of water, ponds are needed, as water from the river is to far away (0.5 km) and the water from the dam is even farer away (3km).

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

integrated crop-livestock management
integrated soil fertility management
irrigation management (incl. water supply, drainage)

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

A2: Organic matter/ soil fertility

structural measures

S5: Dams, pans, ponds
S7: Water harvesting/ supply/ irrigation equipment

management measures

M1: Change of land use type
M6: Waste management (recycling, re-use or reduce)

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

chemical soil deterioration

Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)

physical soil deterioration

Pw: waterlogging

water degradation

Ha: aridification

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

reduce land degradation
restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

Comments:

As the topsoil is of quite bad quality for the crop growing in the area. Thus, the land user has to buy soil from other areas and bring it into his soil for improving the soil fertility there.

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

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Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

The integrated farming system is implemented on 8400 square meter of the land, including fruit trees such as 150 pomelo trees, 25 mango trees, 11 mango trees, and 10 lemon trees. Beside this, the farmer has four ponds for fish raising and irrigation, and 11 pigs which are putted separately in the cage of 42 square meter. The farmer grows the pomelo and lemon on row lines, the space between them is 5 m. Each pomelo and each lemon tree trunk is surrounded by the circular earth bund of 30 cm in height and at a diameter of 1m. They cover 240 square meters of the whole land area. The distance between the mango trees is 5 m and they surround the fishing ponds.

Author:

Mr. Khuon Sophal

Date:

07/04/2017

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

per Technology area

Indicate size and area unit:

0.84 ha

other/ national currency (specify):

KHR (Riel)

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

4000.0

Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

20000 KHR

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	Forest clearing	Dry season
2.	Dig pond	Dry season
3.	Land preparation and tube system	Dry season
4.	Create circular earth bund around each fruit tree trunks and the soil mixed with organic fertilizer (pigs, cow dung, and chicken manure)	During September
5.	buying seedling	During September
6.	Growing fruit seedlings	During September
7.	Building the pig house and tube system to flow the manure	Dry season
8.	Buying pig	Dry season
9.	Buying pig fodder	Dry season

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Forest clearing and land preparation	person-day	7.0	20000.0	140000.0	100.0
Labour	Digging pond	person-day	170.0	20000.0	3400000.0	100.0
Labour	Tube system installation	person-day	10.0	20000.0	200000.0	100.0
Labour	Planting of fruit trees	person-day	7.0	20000.0	140000.0	100.0
Equipment	Pumping machine	Set	3.0	1600000.0	4800000.0	100.0
Equipment	Knife	Piece	1.0	20000.0	20000.0	100.0
Equipment	Ax	Piece	1.0	25000.0	25000.0	100.0
Equipment	Two handled basket	Pair	1.0	14000.0	14000.0	100.0
Equipment	Hoe	Piece	1.0	20000.0	20000.0	100.0
Equipment	Tube system	Package	1.0	8000000.0	8000000.0	100.0
Plant material	Pomelo tree	Tree	30.0	60000.0	1800000.0	100.0
Plant material	Mango tree	Tree	25.0	6000.0	150000.0	100.0
Plant material	Lemon	Tree	10.0	15000.0	150000.0	100.0
Plant material	Tamarind	Tree	11.0	80000.0	880000.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Cow dung and pig manure	Bag	33.0	3000.0	99000.0	100.0
Construction material	Pig house	Piece	1.0	16000000.0	16000000.0	100.0
Other	3 mother pigs and 1 boar	Number	4.0	1200000.0	4800000.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					40638000.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					10159.5

Comments:

There are four ponds surrounding the orchard. Three of them were excavated by external labour force. The farmer spent 200,000 Riel per hour while the digging required 17 hours in total equal to 3,400,000 Riel (in the cost table above, the indications of this item has been converted into person-day). Another one was dug by removing the land for farm preparation when the orchard was established in 1998. Although farmer cultivates 150 pomelo on his plot, he bought only 30 trees from outside, 120 trees he had already on his farm.

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	Watering once per week, if hotter, 4 days per week	32 weeks
2.	Cow dug once per 6 month	Once per 6 months
3.	Pesticide spraying	Presence of insects
4.	Branches and leaves cutting	Clearing per year
5.	Grass clearing	one week

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Maintaining labour	Person-day	240.0	20000.0	4800000.0	100.0
Plant material	Diesel	Liter	315.0	3000.0	945000.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Organic fertilizer (pigs, cow dung, and chicken manure)	Bag	50.0	44000.0	2200000.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					7945000.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					1986.25

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

The farmer spent a lot of money on building pig house which cost 16,000,000 Riel equal to 4000 USD, tube system cost 8,000,000 Riel equal to 2000 USD, pumping machine cost 4,800,000 Riel equal to 1200 USD. In addition, he also spent on digging pond which cost 3,4000,000 Riel equal to 850USD. These components of the technology affects the costs for the establishement very much.

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

< 250 mm
251-500 mm
501-750 mm
751-1,000 mm
1,001-1,500 mm
1,501-2,000 mm
2,001-3,000 mm
3,001-4,000 mm
> 4,000 mm

Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

1138.20

Specifications/ comments on rainfall:

In 2015, the annual rainfall was 1138.2 mm,
in 2014, the annual rainfall was 1696.5 mm,
In 2013, the annual rainfall was 1661.8 mm.

Indicate the name of the reference meteorological station considered:

Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (2015)

Agro-climatic zone

sub-humid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

flat (0-2%)
gentle (3-5%)
moderate (6-10%)
rolling (11-15%)
hilly (16-30%)
steep (31-60%)
very steep (>60%)

Landforms:

plateau/plains
ridges
mountain slopes
hill slopes
footslopes
valley floors

Altitudinal zone:

0-100 m a.s.l.
101-500 m a.s.l.
501-1,000 m a.s.l.
1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
> 4,000 m a.s.l.

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

not relevant

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

very shallow (0-20 cm)
shallow (21-50 cm)
moderately deep (51-80 cm)
deep (81-120 cm)
very deep (> 120 cm)

Soil texture (topsoil):

coarse/ light (sandy)

Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):

medium (loamy, silty)

Topsoil organic matter:

low (<1%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

5-50 m

Availability of surface water:

good

Water quality (untreated):

for agricultural use only (irrigation)

Is water salinity a problem?

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Yes

Regularity:

episodically

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

It was not inundated over the last 3 years. The farmer uses four ponds for watering.

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:

medium

Habitat diversity:

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:

Sedentary

Market orientation of production system:

commercial/ market

Off-farm income:

> 50% of all income

Relative level of wealth:

average

Individuals or groups:

individual/ household

Level of mechanization:

manual work
mechanized/ motorized

Gender:

Age of land users:

middle-aged

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

The land user is 47 years old and his wife is a seller of grocery nearby district market.

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

< 0.5 ha
0.5-1 ha
1-2 ha
2-5 ha
5-15 ha
15-50 ha
50-100 ha
100-500 ha
500-1,000 ha
1,000-10,000 ha
> 10,000 ha

Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?

medium-scale

Comments:

Compared to the local context, he had the total area owned, including the land where no technology applied such as implementing technology area 0.84 hectares, land without any agriculture activities 3 hectares, paddy field 60 hectares, and crop land 0.05 hectares.

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

individual, titled

Land use rights:

individual

Water use rights:

open access (unorganized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:

poor
moderate
good

education:

poor
moderate
good

technical assistance:

poor
moderate
good

employment (e.g. off-farm):

poor
moderate
good

markets:

poor
moderate
good

energy:

poor
moderate
good

roads and transport:

poor
moderate
good

drinking water and sanitation:

poor
moderate
good

financial services:

poor
moderate
good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Comments/ specify:

Although the soil is difficult to grow fruit trees, he was able to improve the soil by using organic fertilizers (pigs, cow dung, and chicken manure). In consequence, the the land management was simplified

Water availability and quality

water availability for livestock

decreased

increased

Comments/ specify:

After the digging fo the ponds, water for the livestock, the pigs and the chicken is available all year round.

irrigation water availability

decreased

increased

Comments/ specify:

The farmer used the water from the new ponds for watering fruit trees.

Using pumping machine for irrigating the fruit trees.

He understands now that it was necessary to add fertile soil from other places to the degraded land in regard to improve the crop growing. In addition, he learned how to avoid chemical fertilizer which could make the soil compact and finally in the future less fertile. Further, he learned by experience how to apply organic fertilizers that enhanced the land rehabilitation.

Comments/ specify:

The water quantity has not increased because the scare water in the dry season has to be considered and the high quantity of water during flood time can not be taken into account.

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

harvesting/ collection of water

reduced

improved

Comments/ specify:

There are 4 ponds for rainfall water harvesting to irrigat crop or animals raising during drought.

excess water drainage

reduced

improved

Comments/ specify:

The larger amount of installed pipes improved substantially the excess water drainage.

evaporation

increased

decreased

Comments/ specify:

The shadow from the fruit trees and the rice straw as soil cover reduced the evaporation.

The application of organic fertilizer (pigs, cow dung, and chicken manure) increased the soil organic matter.

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

plant diversity

decreased

increased

Comments/ specify:

Due to the higher variety of fruit trees.

pest/ disease control

decreased

increased

Comments/ specify:

This integrated farming system avoids plant and fruit diseases and pests substantially due to favourable environmental conditions (better microclimate, better balancing of pests and beneficial organisms).

Climate and disaster risk reduction

drought impacts

increased

decreased

Comments/ specify:

During drought situations, the farmer can use now water from ponds to irrigate the fruit trees.

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

Comments/ specify:

Animal manure is impacted

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	moderately
seasonal temperature	wet/ rainy season	increase	very well
seasonal temperature	dry season	decrease	moderately
seasonal rainfall	wet/ rainy season	increase	well
seasonal rainfall	dry season	increase	not well at all

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
tropical storm	moderately
extra-tropical cyclone	well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
heatwave	moderately
drought	moderately

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	moderately

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

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Long-term returns:

very positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Short-term returns:

negative

Long-term returns:

very positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

single cases/ experimental

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

91-100%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Yes

If yes, indicate to which changing conditions it was adapted:

climatic change/ extremes

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
High market price for the products.
He spends almost all his free time to work in the farm to relax and enjoy farming.
More income for the land user's family.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
The soil’s quality is improved due to integrated farming and the use of organic fertilizer.
The crops are long-lasting and can continue to be harvested annually.
Labor and time are saved by using an irrigation system.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
The high expense on digging the ponds.	Taking time and money before practicing the technique.
Pomelo could not be able to grow in the wet soil.	Change crop varieties.
During the drought period, the technology practice has an increase in the number of insects, and they sometime could not be able to control like happening in 2015.	Use pesticide to kill the insects.
The soil within the farm is difficult to convert from less fertile soil to fertile soil, and take many years to be ready for cropping. It is called Prateah Lang soil.	Change the type of soil for cropping by using a mixture of animal manure and mountain soil.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Need to invest more capital.	This should be done step by step.
Less fertile soil	Soil conversion by mixing animal manure and fertile soil and spreading this on the area’s crop land.

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

field visits, field surveys

1 specific place

interviews with land users

1 person

interviews with SLM specialists/ experts

3 persons

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

07/04/2017

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Seng, V. (2010). Agricultural Best Practices for Sustainable Land Management in Cambodia. Phnom Penh: Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute.