Specify the spread of the Technology:

• applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area

Is/are the technology site(s) located in a permanently protected area?

No

{'is_geometry': True, 'configuration': 'technologies', 'additional_translations': {}, 'key': 'Map', 'value': '{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","id":1584899342556,"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[80.60557251675051,7.182650953359683]},"properties":null}]}', 'questionnaire_object': <Questionnaire: {"qg_name": [{"name": {"en": "Individual platforms and contour platforms"}, "name_local": {"en": "Thani wedika and samochcha wedika"}}], "qg_image": [{"image": "c0cdf506-6154-4adc-a285-15dadc9ca899", "image_date": "01/07/2019", "image_caption": {"en": "Preparation of contour platforms in home-gardens - Central Highlands of Sri Lanka"}, "image_location": {"en": "Doluwa"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Gamini Warusamana"}}], "qg_links": [{"links_url": {"en": "https://qcat.wocat.net/en/wocat/approaches/view/approaches_5177/"}, "links_title": {"en": "WOCAT Approach"}}], "qg_photos": [{"image": "9166be01-6351-40f5-8e28-af699d75ef90", "image_date": "05/06/2019", "image_caption": {"en": "Training on the use of A-frame"}, "image_location": {"en": "Doluwa - Sri Lanka"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Bandara Rotawewa"}}, {"image": "08fae4ed-62cc-4fb0-8466-03d9d969715b", "image_date": "15/06/2019", "image_caption": {"en": "Contour terraces protected with coconut husk and old tiles"}, "image_location": {"en": "Doluwa - Sri Lanka"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Bandara Rotawewa"}}, {"image": "e3f82a96-f790-4bf9-9a8f-3f8973b3d6bc", "image_date": "15/06/2019", "image_caption": {"en": "Stone terrace"}, "image_location": {"en": "Doluwa - Sri Lanka"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Bandara Rotawewa"}}, {"image": "cf06476f-9671-471d-b381-0c9a07a6e965", "image_date": "15/06/2019", "image_caption": {"en": "Erosion protected beds"}, "image_location": {"en": "Doluwa - Sri Lanka"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Bandara Rotawewa"}}, {"image": "2946d74d-c77e-4961-bd2e-9185bfe51ca9", "image_date": "15/06/2019", "image_caption": {"en": "Contour terrace edges protected with coconut husk"}, "image_location": {"en": "Doluwa - Sri Lanka"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Gamini"}}, {"image": "0bfca23f-92c4-4117-bde0-c2582be77611", "image_date": "01/10/2019", "image_caption": {"en": "Contour platforms slightly flat land plot. Vanilla plants were covered with mulch. Gliricidia sticks are live and have started branching at the top."}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Gamini Warusamana"}}], "tech_qg_1": [{"tech_definition": {"en": "Construction of individual platforms or contour platforms to control soil erosion in the home gardens (HG) to cultivate vanilla as a cash crop"}}], "tech_qg_2": [{"tech_description": {"en": "Doluwa is located in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka. This area belongs to the Wet zone mid-country agro-ecological region according to Sri Lankan classification. The elevation of the area is 575 meters. The mean temperature of the area is about 24 \u00b0C. The area receives rainfall from two monsoons. North-east monsoon rain comes from November to January with an annual rainfall of 1800 mm. The South-west monsoon rain lasts from May to September and contributes a major portion of the annual rainfall. February, March, and July months receive lower rainfall. The Central Highlands have excellent agro-ecological conditions for tea plantations, spice crops like cloves, nutmeg and cardamom, fruit crops such as avocado, durian, coffee, banana, and black pepper. Paddy cultivation is practiced in the valleys. Areas over 50% of slope inclination are covered by protected forests. The main livelihood activity is agriculture: mainly cultivation of tea, spices, and vegetables. About 43% of the land is under tea cultivation; and around 15% is marginalized or abandoned land, due to land degradation and low productivity of soils. \r\nThe average land size of home gardens in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka is about 0.25 \u2013 0.5 acres. Fruits and spice trees randomly exist in these land plots. The topsoil is always disturbed due to daily human activities. Apart from run-off water from upper lands, rooftop rainwater flows in all directions causing heavy soil erosion in these home gardens. The home gardens are the least attended land plots in terms of conservation due to low-income generation. \r\nTraditionally, home gardens with randomly planted perennial trees are usually shady. Therefore, farm families generally believe that cultivation of cash crops in their home gardens is impossible. The introduction of Individual Platforms and Contour Platforms as a soil conservation methodology, piloted in the Doluwa area by an FAO project on Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural in several Districts of the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka has proven the contrary, as mainly vanilla is known as a shade-preferring crop. Furhter, vanilla is economically highly valuable and has the potential to generate good income. Consequently, adequate platforms (small soil terraces) were constructed and used for vanilla cultivation. Vanilla grows particularly well where the soil organic matter content is high. Organic matter required to enrich the soil can be collected directly from the home gardens (leaves and residues) and is also coming from organic kitchen waste. These organic residues are recycled into compost and finally used for the cultivation of vanilla. Additionally, mulching is practiced to control topsoil erosion. Each vanilla plant as a tropical climbing vine grows up a previously planted two-meter-high Gliricidia stick. Gliricidia serves on the one hand as a living fixing stick and provider of shade and, as a leguminous tree (Fabaceae family) the plant has the potential to fix nitrogen in the soil. \r\nConstruction of the platforms:\r\nThe individual platforms are constructed around the planting hole and are one meter wide and two meters in length. The distance between the two platforms is the same (minimum 2 meters) as the space for the vanilla plant. The lower side of the platform (lower edge) has a shoulder bund, stabilized with coconut husk, tree logs, and stones. \r\nThe contour platforms are 1.75 meters in width and length depending on the land size and other characteristics. The platform is constructed with a slightly inverted gradient. A small drain with a suitable gradient along the length on the upper side of the platform is constructed to drain out excess water during rain. These small drains are connected to a leader drain. The edges of the platforms are well stabilized again by coconut husk, tree logs or stones (shoulder bund measure: height x width = 20cm x 30cm).\r\nThis sustainable land management (SLM) technology is highly accepted by the farm families, as the Vanilla SLM model is an economically attractive opportunity especially for women; but only where the environmental conditions are suitable for vanilla growing."}}], "tech_qg_3": [{"tech_sites_considered": "sites_considered_10_100"}], "tech_qg_4": [{"tech_spread_tech": "tech_spread_points"}], "tech_qg_5": [{"tech_who_implemented": ["implementation_externally"], "tech_who_implemented_comments": {"en": "Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka"}}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_production", "main_purpose_degradation", "main_purpose_protect_watershed", "main_purpose_economic"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Crop types commonly found in these home gardens are cloves, nutmeg and cardamom, fruit crops of avocado, durian, coffee, banana, and black pepper"}}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_agronomic", "tech_measures_structural"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland"]}], "qg_sources": [{"sources_used": ["source_field", "source_interviews_landusers", "source_interviews_experts"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca", "lu_cropland_ct"], "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops_other": {"en": "Vanilla"}}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_rainfed"}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_crossslope", "tech_slm_group_gardens"]}], "tech_qg_21": [{"tech_measures_agronomic_sub": ["measures_agronomic_a2"]}], "tech_qg_23": [{"tech_measures_structural_sub": ["measures_structural_s1"]}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_erosion_water"]}], "tech_qg_28": [{"degradation_erosion_water_sub": ["degradation_wt", "degradation_wg"]}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_prevent_ld", "intervention_reduce_ld"]}], "tech_qg_36": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "person days"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 15.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Construction of contour platforms in a quarter of Acre"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 40.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 600.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "person days"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 15.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Planting of vanilla rooted cutting"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 15.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_38": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "number"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 0.2, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Gliricidia sticks"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 200.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 40.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "number"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 0.4, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Vanilla rooted cuttings"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 200.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 80.0}], "tech_qg_39": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "pieces"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 0.03, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Coconut husk/ tree logs"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 4005.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 120.15, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "Twice a year (after the rainy season)"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Removal of overgrown grass and trimming of grass on the shoulder bunds"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "Once a year"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Repair of the broken places of the terrace, shoulder bunds etc"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "Person days"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 15.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Removal of overgrown grass and trimming of grass on the shoulder bunds"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 75.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "Person days"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 15.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Repair of the broken places of the terrace, shoulder bunds etc"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 3.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 45.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_2001_3000"], "tech_rainfall_annual": 2500.0, "tech_rainfall_specifications": {"en": "Two monsoons: North-East monsoon is from November to December with an average monthly RF of 80 \u2013 100 mm. Southwest monsoon is from April to July with an average RF of 108 \u2013 200. First Inter monsoon is from January to March is with 180 \u2013 200 mm RF while second inter monsoon with 300 \u2013 350 mm of RF. February is the driest month of a year. \r\nThe minimum mean temperature is 200 Celsius and the maximum mean temperature is 240 Celsius and the annual mean temperature is 240 Celsius."}}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_humid"]}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_hilly"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_mountainslopes"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_500_1000"]}], "tech_qg_57": [{"tech_convex_concave": "topography_not_relevant"}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_deep"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_low"], "tech_soil_texture_20cm": ["tech_soil_texture_medium"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_medium"]}], "tech_qg_60": [{"tech_groundwater": "tech_groundwater_5_50m", "tech_surfacewater": "tech_surfacewater_medium", "tech_waterquality": "tech_waterquality_poor", "tech_waterquality_referring": "tech_waterquality_ref_both"}], "tech_qg_61": [{"tech_salinization": 0}], "tech_qg_63": [{"tech_flooding": 0}], "tech_qg_66": [{"tech_habitatdiversity": "measure_medium", "tech_speciesdiversity": "measure_medium"}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_gender": ["gender_women"], "tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_poor"], "tech_individuals": ["individuals_groups"], "tech_age_landusers": ["tech_age_middle"], "tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_manual"], "tech_sedentary_nomadic": ["sedentary_sedentary"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_mixed"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_less_05"], "tech_land_comments": {"en": "Home gardens"}, "tech_land_size_relative": ["tech_size_smallscale"]}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_individualtitled"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_individual"], "tech_wateruserights": ["tech_userights_individual"], "tech_traditional_rights": 1}], "tech_qg_76": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Before introducing the technology women did not think of vanilla cultivation. With technology, women realized vanilla as a cash crop, its potential for livelihood improvement."}, "tech_impacts_cropproduction": 6}], "tech_qg_78": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Before introduction of the technology, vanilla growing suffered from soil erosion and poor soil quality"}, "tech_impacts_cropquality": 6}], "tech_qg_85": [{"tech_impacts_productionfailure": 6}], "tech_qg_88": [{"tech_impacts_landmanagement": 6}], "tech_qg_93": [{"tech_input_est_remaining_costs": {"en": "The project on Rehabilitation of Degraded Agriculture Lands implemented by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and funded by Global Environmental Facility"}}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "Steepness of the slope is greatly determining the labour cost requirement for the construction of individual platforms and contour platforms. The cost of coconut husk is another cost component for conservation.\r\nMaintenance is mostly depending on ground grass cover and periodical maintenance."}}], "tech_qg_97": [{"tech_impacts_drinkingwaterquality": 6}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_LKA", "state_province": {"en": "Central"}, "further_location": {"en": "Doluwa"}}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_farmincome": 6}], "tech_qg_105": [{"tech_impacts_diversityincome": 6}], "tech_qg_106": [{"tech_impacts_economicdisparities": 5}], "tech_qg_107": [{"tech_impacts_workload": 3}], "tech_qg_108": [{"tech_impacts_foodsecurity": 5}], "tech_qg_113": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Women were formed as a group for training arrangements, and for marketing purposes."}, "tech_impacts_community": 6}], "tech_qg_115": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The project provided practical training on SLM."}, "tech_impacts_slmknowledge": 7}], "tech_qg_119": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Reduced soil erosion made this possible"}, "tech_impacts_waterquality": 5}], "tech_qg_121": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "contour platforms reinforced with coconut husk and tree logs reduce the runoff speed and quantity."}, "tech_impacts_surfacerunoff": 5}], "tech_qg_125": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "reduced run off and increased organic matter content."}, "tech_impacts_soilmoisture": 6}], "tech_qg_127": [{"tech_impacts_soilloss": 6}], "tech_qg_133": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Addition of compost increased the soil carbon content."}, "tech_impacts_soilorganicmatter": 5}], "tech_qg_149": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "this happened as a result of reduced runoff"}, "tech_impacts_downstreamsiltation": 5}], "tech_qg_150": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "this happened as a result of reduced runoff"}, "tech_impacts_groundwaterpollution": 5}], "tech_qg_153": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "this happened as a result of reduced runoff"}, "tech_impacts_damageneighbourfield": 5}], "tech_qg_156": [{"tech_sustainability": 0}], "tech_qg_160": [{"tech_implementation_year": 2018, "tech_implementation_decades": "implemenation_less_10"}], "tech_qg_163": [{"tech_perarea_size": {"en": "0.25 acre"}}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_dollar": "tech_input_dollars", "tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "840 USD per 1/4 acre of land"}}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Before establishment of the crop"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Construction of contour or individual platform terraces"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "After construction of contour platform or individual platforms"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Reinforcement of the shoulder bunds with coconut husk/ tree logs/ etc"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Before establishment of the crop"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Preparing of compost and mixing it into the top soil"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "First Live Gliricidia sticks are planted. After they rooted, vanilla cuttings are planted)"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Planting of vanilla rooted cutting"}}], "tech_qg_169": [{"tech_exposure_season": "season_dry", "tech_exposure_incrdecr": "decrease", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_positive"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_positive"}], "tech_qg_184": [{"user_id": "6364", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "6cb9fc24-d47c-410e-a65b-e3c772da4d75", "tech_drawing_date": "05/04/2020", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Bandara Rotawewa"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "Slope gradient in home gardens before introduction of the SLM Technology."}}, {"tech_drawing": "38673b23-7800-4987-9422-4e9797991776", "tech_drawing_date": "05/04/2020", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Bandara Rotawewa"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "Contour platforms: the ideal platform is 175 cm wide. The length is depending on the available length of the land. The platform is constructed by cutting the upper section and fill in to the lower section to get an inverse slope of 5 to 10%. The shoulder bund is 30 cm wide and 20 cm height. The shoulder bund is protected with coconut husk/ timber logs etc.\r\n\r\nIndividual platform: The spacing between the two plants in the platforms is 1 - 1.5 meters. The individual platform size can be 100 cm wide and 200 cm in length. Coconut husks, stones, timber logs can be used to protect the edges of the platform."}}, {"tech_drawing": "dcc62221-9ef8-435a-9870-d88a71c07af0", "tech_drawing_date": "05/04/2020", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Bandara Rotawewa"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "Technical description: dito drawing 2."}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_percentage": "adoption_percentage_more_50", "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_10_50"}], "tech_qg_202": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_217": [{"tech_cost_calculation_base": "tech_input_calc_per_area"}], "tech_qg_218": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "person days"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 15.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Preparing of compost and mixing it into the top soil"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 5.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 75.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 930.15}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 120.0}], "tech_qg_226": [{"tech_access_roads": 1, "tech_access_water": 2, "tech_access_energy": 1, "tech_access_health": 2, "tech_access_markets": 1, "tech_access_education": 2, "tech_access_financial": 1, "tech_access_employment": 1, "tech_access_techassistance": 2}], "tech_qg_230": [{"tech_adaptation_yes": 0}], "tech_qg_232": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs_usd": 930.15}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 120.0}], "tech_qg_234": [{"tech_location_protected": 0}], "tech_qg_235": [{"tech_lu_mixed": 1, "tech_lu_mixed_select": "lu_mixed_mf"}], "tech_qg_238": [{"tech_lu_mixed": 0}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "15/06/2019"}], "tech_qg_253": [{"tech_general_comments": {"en": "Easy to complete the technology."}}], "qg_references": [{"references_title": {"en": "Women practice SLM through Vanilla cultivation [Sri Lanka]"}, "references_source": {"en": "No cost"}}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1584899342556,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[80.60557251675051,7.182650953359683]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 1060}], "tech_qg__approaches": [{"link_id": "5177"}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Land unit production is increased"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Farmers gained knowledge in sustainable land management techniques such as use of A \u2013 Frame for contour marking."}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Use of kitchen waste and other vegetative materials for composting is increased"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Conserve top soil moisture and reduce soil erosion"}}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "The home gardens that were unproductive is now used for income generation"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "The aesthetic view of the land increased"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Simple technology"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Low cost and affordable"}}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "The farmers\u2019 awareness of technology and its\u2019 impact is low. Therefore, adaptation/dissemination is low."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Farmer motivation and exposure visits are essential activities"}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "1)The contour terraces may damage by thunderstorm"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Enforcement of edges of the (contour/individual) platforms with coconut husk, timer logs and establish leader drains"}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_5621/map/', 'template': 'raw'}