Specify the spread of the Technology:

• applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area

{'is_geometry': True, 'configuration': 'technologies', 'additional_translations': {}, 'key': 'Map', 'value': '{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","id":1493391936248,"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[2.1,13.499999999999986]},"properties":null}]}', 'questionnaire_object': <Questionnaire: {"qg_name": [{"name": {"en": "Night Corralling", "fr": "Parcage de nuit"}, "name_local": {"fr": "Night corralling (English)"}}], "qg_image": [{"image_caption": {"fr": " "}}], "tech_qg_1": [{"tech_definition": {"en": "Night corralling of cattle, sheep and goats on cropland during the dry season (November-April) replenishes soil fertility of agricultural land depleted by continuous cropping.", "fr": "Le parcage de nuit des bovins, des ovins et des caprins sur les terres cultiv\u00e9es pendant la saison s\u00e8che renouvelle la fertilit\u00e9 des sols des terres agricoles \u00e9puis\u00e9es par la culture continue."}}], "tech_qg_2": [{"tech_description": {"en": "This technology is mainly applied in semi-arid and sub-humid areas on sandy/loamy plains with low soil organic matter content, low soil pH, and with slopes below 5%. Adequate spacing of animals helps to homogenously distribute the manure on the field (see photo): in cattle this is ensured through tying the animals to poles, in sheep and goats a movable fence serving as night enclosure helps to save labour. Corals and animals are moved to a new spot within the field every 4-5 nights to homogeneously manure fields. Ideal is a rate of 2.5 tons of faecal dry matter per hectare. The application of this amount results in superior grain yields (millet, sorghum) as compared to an unmanured field. High yield response is achieved in the cropping season directly following the corralling (year 1) and in the subsequent two to three years, in which no new deposit of faeces and urine, i.e. no further corralling, is needed. While a 250 kg cow deposits about 1 kg of manure dry matter per night, 7 sheep or 7 goats are needed to produce this same amount. Thus, to cover 1 hectare of land with 2.5 tons of manure, a herd of 15 cattle would need to be corralled during 167 nights; alternatively 178 nights would be needed if 70 small ruminants were corralled. Since individual herds are often smaller than 15 cattle (or 70 small ruminants) and fields are larger than 1 hectare, it is recommended to organize corralling of fields within a community (village) of farmers and especially to revitalize the traditional corralling contracts (\u2018contrats de parcage\u2019) with transhumant herders.", "fr": "Cette technologie est principalement appliqu\u00e9e dans les zones semi-arides et subhumides sur des plaines sableuses / limoneuses avec un sol \u00e0 faible teneur en mati\u00e8re organique, \u00e0 faible pH, et sur des pentes inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 5%. Un espacement suffisant des animaux permet de distribuer de fa\u00e7on homog\u00e8ne le fumier sur le terrain (voir photo): pour les bovins, cela est assur\u00e9 en attachant les animaux \u00e0 des piquets, pour les ovins et caprins, une cl\u00f4ture mobile permettant d'\u00e9conomiser du travail sert d\u2019enclos de nuit. \r\nLes parcs et les animaux sont d\u00e9plac\u00e9s vers un nouvel emplacement toutes les 4-5 nuits pour avoir une distribution homog\u00e8ne du fumier dans les champs. Le taux id\u00e9al est de 2,5 tonnes de mati\u00e8re s\u00e8che f\u00e9cale par hectare. L'application de cette quantit\u00e9 de fumier donne des rendements de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales sup\u00e9rieures (mil, sorgho) \u00e0 ceux d\u2019un champ sans fumier. Cette augmentation de rendement est obtenue \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re saison des r\u00e9coltes directement apr\u00e8s le parcage (ann\u00e9e 1) et dans les deux \u00e0 trois ann\u00e9es suivantes, durant lesquelles aucun nouveau d\u00e9p\u00f4t de mati\u00e8res f\u00e9cales et d\u2019urine, c'est \u00e0 dire aucun parcage suppl\u00e9mentaire, n\u2019est n\u00e9cessaire. \r\nAlors qu\u2019une vache de 250 kg d\u00e9pose environ 1 kg de mati\u00e8re s\u00e8che de fumier par nuit, 7 moutons ou 7 ch\u00e8vres sont n\u00e9cessaires pour produire cette m\u00eame quantit\u00e9. Ainsi, pour couvrir 1 hectare de terrain avec 2,5 tonnes de fumier, un troupeau de 15 bovins devra \u00eatre parqu\u00e9 pendant 167 nuits ; ou sinon 178 nuits seront n\u00e9cessaires, si 70 petits ruminants sont parqu\u00e9s. Comme les troupeaux individuels sont souvent de moins de 15 bovins (ou de 70 petits ruminants) et les champs sont de plus de 1 hectare, il est recommand\u00e9 d'organiser le parcage dans les champs au sein d'une communaut\u00e9 d\u2019agriculteurs (village) et en particulier de revitaliser les contrats traditionnels de parcage avec les \u00e9leveurs transhumants."}}], "tech_qg_4": [{"tech_spread_tech": "tech_spread_points"}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_production"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Major land use problems (compiler\u2019s opinion): Loss of soil fertility (organic matter, nutrients, pH decline) due to continuous cropping\r\n\r\nFuture (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Mixed: Mp: Agro-pastoralism", "fr": "Les probl\u00e8mes graves d'utilisation des terres (le compilateur d'opinion de): D\u00e9clin de la Fertilit\u00e9 du sol (MOS de la baisse bas, les nutriments, vous pH) en raison de la culture continuent\r\n\r\nFutur (final) l'utilisation des terres (apr\u00e8s la mise en \u0153uvre du SLM Technology): Mixte: Mp: agro-pastoralisme"}}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_agronomic", "tech_measures_management"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland", "tech_lu_grazingland"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca"]}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_rainfed"}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_croplivestock", "tech_slm_group_soilfertility"]}], "tech_qg_21": [{"tech_measures_agronomic_sub": ["measures_agronomic_a2"]}], "tech_qg_24": [{"tech_measures_management_sub": ["measures_management_m1"]}], "tech_qg_26": [{"tech_measures_comments": {"en": "Type of agronomic measures: manure / compost / residues", "fr": "Type de mesures agronomiques: fumier / compost / r\u00e9sidus"}}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_chemical"]}], "tech_qg_30": [{"degradation_chemical_sub": ["degradation_cn"]}], "tech_qg_34": [{"degradation_comments": {"en": "Main type of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content", "fr": "Principal type de d\u00e9gradation Adress\u00e9: Cn: de la Fertilit\u00e9 Baisse du sol et du niveau de mati\u00c3\u00a8re organique"}}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_rehabilitate"]}], "tech_qg_37": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha", "fr": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 15.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Poles", "fr": "B\u00e2tons"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 15.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "in year 1 of 3-year cycle", "fr": "Ann\u00e9e 1 (sur un cycle de 3 ans)"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Placing poles in the field at 2m x 2m spacing for small ruminants and at 4m x 4m spacing for cattle, starting at the field border", "fr": "Planter les piquets dans les champs \u00e0 2m x 2m d\u2019espacement pour les petits ruminants et \u00e0 4m x 4m d\u2019espacement pour les bovins, \u00e0 partir des bordures du terrain"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "in year 1 of 3-year cycle", "fr": "Ann\u00e9e 1 (sur un cycle de 3 ans)"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Attach individual animals (adult small ruminants, adults or calves if you work with cows) to the pole during night", "fr": "D\u00e9placer les piquets sur une partie adjacente sans fumier du champ tous les 4 jours chez les bovins, et tous les 5 jours chez les petits ruminants"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "in year 1 of 3-year cycle", "fr": "Ann\u00e9e 2 et 3 (sur un cycle de 3 ans)"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Shift the poles to an adjacent unmanured part of the field every 4 days in cattle, and every 5 days in small ruminants.", "fr": "Cultiver le champ les 3 saisons de cultures suivantes (l\u2019ann\u00e9e d\u2019application, ainsi que l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2 et 3) sans aucun parcage les ann\u00e9es 2 et 3"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "in year 1 of 3-year cycle", "fr": "Ann\u00e9e 2 et 3 (sur un cycle de 3 ans)"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "To cover the whole field (1 ha) with manure: with 15 cattle you will need a total of 167 nights of corralling; with 70 small ruminants you will need 178 nights", "fr": "Appliquer \u00e0 nouveau le parcage l\u2019ann\u00e9e 4 (r\u00e9p\u00e9ter les \u00e9tapes d\u2019entretien 1-4)"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "in year 2 and 3 (of a 3-years cycle)", "fr": "in year 2 and 3 (of a 3-years cycle)"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Cultivate the field for 3 subsequent cropping seasons (year of application, plus year 2 and 3) without further corralling in year 2 and year 3", "fr": "Cultivate the field for 3 subsequent cropping seasons (year of application, plus year 2 and 3) without further corralling in year 2 and year 3"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "persons/day", "fr": "personnes / jour"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 1.5, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Placing poles in the field", "fr": "Placer des b\u00e2tons dans le champ"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 2.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 3.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_46": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "fr": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Poles", "fr": "B\u00e2tons"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_52": [{"tech_input_maint_comments": {"en": "costs were calculated for 1 ha with 15 cattle", "fr": "Dans le tableau les co\u00fbts pour 1 ha avec 15 bovins sont indiqu\u00e9s."}}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_251_500"]}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_semiarid"], "tech_agroclimatic_zone_specifications": {"en": "Thermal climate class: tropics", "fr": "Classe de climat thermique: tropiques"}}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_flat", "tech_slopes_gentle"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_plateau"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_0_100", "tech_altitudinalzone_100_500"]}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_shallow"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_low"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_coarse"]}], "tech_qg_59": [{"tech_soil_comments": {"en": "Soil fertility is very low - low\r\n\r\nSoil drainage / infiltration is good\r\n\r\nSoil water storage capacity is low", "fr": "La fertilit\u00e9 du sol est tr\u00e8s faible - faible\r\n\r\nLe drainage des sols / l'infiltration est bon\r\n\r\nLa capacit\u00e9 de stockage d'eau du sol est faible"}}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_individuals": ["individuals_individual"], "tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_manual"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_subsistence"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_5_15"], "tech_land_comments": {"en": "13 ha (near Niamey), 10 ha (near Filingu\u00e9)", "fr": "13 ha (pr\u00e8s de Niamey), 10 ha (pr\u00e8s de Filingu\u00e9)"}, "tech_land_size_relative": ["tech_size_smallscale"]}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_individualtitled"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_openaccess", "tech_userights_individual"]}], "tech_qg_75": [{"tech_ownership_comments": {"en": "individual land us rights for field, communal for pastures", "fr": "Droit foncier : individuel pour les champs, communautaire pour les p\u00e2turages"}}], "tech_qg_76": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "In yr 1 - 3; corralling only done in yr 1", "fr": "ans 1-3; parcage seulement an 1"}, "tech_impacts_cropproduction": 7}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "Labour costs incur in a 3-years cycle: putting and changing the poles on a specific field is done in year 1, while in years 2 and 3 the respective field is cultivated, and no corralling takes place. Actual labour inputs for corralling in year 1 is 4\u20135 days (= 10\u201315 minutes during approx. 170 days), equivalent to US$ 10\u201313; maintenance costs given in the tables above refer the average expenses of the whole 3-years cycle", "fr": "Les co\u00fbts de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre sont engag\u00e9s sur un cycle de 3 ans : l'ann\u00e9e 1, les piquets sont plac\u00e9s et chang\u00e9s sur un champ pr\u00e9cis ; les ann\u00e9es 2 et 3, ce champ est cultiv\u00e9 sans aucun parcage. L\u2019intrant de travail r\u00e9el pour le parcage l'ann\u00e9e 1 est de 4-5 jours (= 10-15 minutes pendant env. 170 jours), soit l'\u00e9quivalent de 10-13 US$ ; les co\u00fbts d'entretien dans les tableaux ci-dessus se r\u00e9f\u00e8rent aux d\u00e9penses moyennes de l\u2019ensemble du cycle de 3 ans."}}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_NER", "state_province": {"en": "Fakara region (near Niamey)", "fr": "R\u00e9gion de Fakara (pr\u00e8s de Niamey)"}, "further_location": {"en": "Chikal territory (near Filingu\u00e9)", "fr": "Territoire de Chikal (pr\u00e8s de Filingu\u00e9)"}}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_farmincome": 6}], "tech_qg_113": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Through rotational corralling of multiple-owner herds on individuals\u2019 fields", "fr": "Renforcement des institutions communautaires gr\u00e2ce au parcage tournant de troupeaux \u00e0 multiples propri\u00e9taires sur des champs particuliers"}, "tech_impacts_community": 6}], "tech_qg_129": [{"tech_impacts_soilcrusting": 6}], "tech_qg_131": [{"tech_impacts_nutrientcycling": 7}], "tech_qg_133": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Medium-term", "fr": "\u00c0 moyen terme"}, "tech_impacts_soilorganicmatter": 7}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_dollar": "tech_input_dollars"}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_activity": {"en": "Aquire poles (1 per cattle) for 1 ha with 15 cattle", "fr": "Aquire poles (1 per cattle) for 1 ha with 15 cattle"}}, {"tech_est_activity": {"en": "Aquire poles (1 per sheep) for 1 ha with 70 sheep", "fr": "Aquire poles (1 per sheep) for 1 ha with 70 sheep"}}], "tech_qg_180": [{"tech_tolerance_comments": {"en": "Technology not much affected by climatic extremes or changes.", "fr": "Technologie peu affect\u00e9e par les changements ou extr\u00eames climatiques"}}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_slightlypositive"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_verypositive"}], "tech_qg_183": [{"tech_costbenefit_comments": {"en": "Labour input in year 1 (dry season) pays through high yields in harvest seasons of years 1\u20133.", "fr": "L\u2019intrant de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1 (saison s\u00e8che) est pay\u00e9 par les rendements \u00e9lev\u00e9s des saisons de r\u00e9colte des ann\u00e9es 1- 3"}}], "tech_qg_184": [{"country": "country_DEU", "person_gender": "gender_female", "person_lastname": {"en": "Schlecht", "fr": "Schlecht"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "Eva", "fr": "Eva"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "Georg-August Universit\u00e4t", "fr": "Georg-August Universit\u00e4t "}, "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "f4401bf2-e348-4d3c-b55d-0ceae52e9902", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Eva Schlecht, Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel and Georg-August Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6", "fr": "Eva Schlecht, Elevage dans les r\u00e9gions tropicales et subtropicales, University de Kassel et Georg-August Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "Corralling area of 4 sheep to poles (brown circles) during 5 nights (left) and principle of shifting corralling areas across a field of undefined size (right)\r\n\r\nLocation: Chikal territory. Fakara region\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for land users: moderate (spacing and timing of animal placement need to be respected))\r\n\r\nMain technical functions: increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,\u2026)\r\n\r\nManure / compost / residues\r\nMaterial/ species: faecal dry matter\r\nQuantity/ density: 2.5\r\nRemarks: t/ha", "fr": "Zone de parcage de 4 moutons aux piquets (cercles marrons) pendant 5 nuits (\u00e0 gauche) et principe de changement de la zone de parcage dans un champ de taille ind\u00e9finie (\u00e0 droite)\r\nConnaissances techniques requises pour le personnel de terrain / conseillers: moyen\r\n\r\nConnaissances techniques n\u00e9cessaires pour les utilisateurs agricoles: moyen\r\n\r\nFonctions techniques principales: augmentation de la Mati\u00e8re organique, augmentation de la availability de nutriments (r\u00e9serve, recycling, ...)\r\n\r\nFumier / compost / r\u00e9sidus\r\nMat\u00e9riel / esp\u00e8ces: mati\u00e8re s\u00e8che f\u00e9cale\r\nQuantit\u00e9 / densit\u00e9: 2,5\r\nRemarques: t / ha"}}], "tech_qg_187": [{"tech_impacts_other_measure": 6, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "Revaluation of traditional knowledge", "fr": "R\u00e9\u00e9valuation des connaissances traditionnelles"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased", "fr": "en baisse"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "increased", "fr": "augment\u00e9"}}, {"tech_impacts_other_measure": 6, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "Revitalization of ties with transhuman groups", "fr": "Revitalisation des liens avec les groupes transhumants"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased", "fr": "en baisse"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "improved", "fr": "augment\u00e9"}}], "tech_qg_189": [{"tech_impacts_other_measure": 6, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "Water holding capacity", "fr": "capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention d\u2019eau"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased", "fr": "en baisse"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "increased", "fr": "augment\u00e9"}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_comments": {"en": "There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology\r\n\r\nComments on adoption trend: Relatively high, but incomplete in the sense that homogeneity of dung application is lacking", "fr": "Il existe une tendance mod\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 l'adoption spontan\u00e9e de la technologie\r\n\r\nCommentaires sur la tendance de l'adoption: Le taux d'adoption spontan\u00e9 est \u00e9lev\u00e9, plus incompl\u00e8te en ce sens que l'application homog\u00e8ne du fumier sur le d\u00e9faut"}}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 15.0}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 8.0}], "tech_qg_232": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs_usd": 15.0}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 8.0}], "tech_qg_235": [{"tech_lu_mixed": 1, "tech_lu_mixed_select": "lu_mixed_mp"}], "tech_qg_237": [{"tech_initial_landuse_changed": "initial_landuse_changed_yes"}], "tech_qg_239": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland"]}], "tech_qg_240": [{"tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca"]}], "qg_references": [{"references_title": {"fr": "chlecht E., A. Buerkert. 2004. Organic inputs on millet fields in western Niger: the implications of farmers\u2019 practices for sustainable agricultural production. Geoderma 121, 271-289. "}, "references_source": {"fr": "Geoderma 121, 271-289."}}, {"references_title": {"fr": "Schlecht E., P. Hiernaux, I. Kadaour\u00e9, C. H\u00fclsebusch, F. Mahler. 2006. A spatio-temporal analysis of forage availability, grazing and excretion behaviour of cattle, sheep and goats in Western Niger. Agric, Ecosys Environ 113, 226-242"}, "references_source": {"fr": "Agric, Ecosys Environ 113, 226-242."}}, {"references_title": {"fr": "Schlecht E., H. Richter, S. Fern\u00e1ndez-Rivera, K. Becker. 2007. Gastrointestinal passage of Sahelian roughages in cattle, sheep and goats, and implications for livestock-mediated nutrient transfers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 137, 93\u2013114. "}, "references_source": {"fr": "Anim Feed Sci Technol 137, 93\u2013114. "}}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1493391936248,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[2.1,13.499999999999986]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 20}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 923}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Strong increase of soil organic matter and therefore soil fertility which leads to an increase in crop yield and revenues", "fr": "Forte augmentation de la mati\u00e8re organique et par cons\u00e9quent de la fertilit\u00e9 du sol ce qui entra\u00eene des rendements et alors revenus agricoles plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s"}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "Implementation constraint: organization of rotational corralling is necessary to effectively manure fields of a village community; this needs skillful organization", "fr": "Contrainte de mise en \u0153uvre: afin de fumer les champs d'une communaut\u00e9 villageoise, une organization des rotations des parcages est n\u00e9cessaire; cela demance une excellente organization."}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "Need to invest some money in poles", "fr": "N\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019investir un peu d\u2019argent pour les piquets."}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "High labour investment in year 1", "fr": "Investissement \u00e9lev\u00e9 en main d\u2019\u0153uvre sur l ann\u00e9e."}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "Difficulty to revitalize trustful partnership with transhumant pastoral groups, as more and more crop residues are harvested and stored at the homestead (no dry season feed for mobile herds)", "fr": "Difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 revitaliser le partenariat de confiance avec les groupes pastoraux transhumants, comme de plus en plus de r\u00e9sidus de culture sont r\u00e9colt\u00e9s et stock\u00e9s \u00e0 la ferme (pas d'aliments en saison s\u00e8che pour les troupeaux mobiles)."}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "Extensive consultation and coordination is needed if rotational (community) corralling or involvement of transhumant herders is necessary due to low animal numbers (<12 cattle, <50 small ruminants) at the level of individual households", "fr": "N\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une vaste consultation et coordination si le parcage tournant (communaut\u00e9) ou si la participation d\u2019\u00e9leveurs transhumants est n\u00e9cessaire, \u00e0 cause du faible nombre d\u2019animaux (<12 bovins, <50 petits ruminants) par m\u00e9nages."}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_952/map/', 'template': 'raw'}