Check dams in a gully of the Loess Plateau.

Check Dam (China)

Descripción

Check dam is a kind of sediment storage dam of 5m below and is built in channels to control the down cutting of channel bed.

Aims / objectives: Xifeng county is one of the key areas of soil erosion control in China. In order to reduce the local soil erosion, and also to bring certain economic benefits to local residents, the Ministry of Water Resources is in charge of check dam construction activities.
Check dam is widely used in controlling soil erosion. The training is a main approach to promotion of the check dam technology. It is necessary to mobilize local people to participate in construction, while providing to them some cash subsidies. In such a way local people can get economic benefits, and strengthen their awareness and
knowledge of soil and water conservation.

Methods: Main objectives: (1) Elevating erosion basis of channel bed to prevent the channel down cutting and channel bank expansion, and decrease channel gradient. (2) Storing silt and reducing the amount of sediment, transported into the rivers. (3) Decreasing channel flow rates and reducing the flood risk of the lower reaches. (4) Debris flow control by use of strong permanent check dams. (5) Making channel silted to form sediment-covered terraces for future use.

Stages of implementation: Implemetation procedure: (1) site selection and design; (2) material preparation, labor recruitment and temporary road buliding; (3) main project construction.

Other important information: The construction cost of check dam is determined by project quality requirements, difficulty of construction, work size, construction technology, and some other factors. Regional factors have also an important impact. Therefore, the investment is mainly made by government with local supporting funds. Check dam construction is often
associated with plant cultivation, aquaculture design and other measures to make comprehensive use of sediment retention and water storage. It can increase agricultural productivity and farmers’ income in addition to improve local environment.

Lugar

Lugar: Xifeng, Shanxi, Beijing, China

Georreferencia de sitios seleccionados
  • 115.918, 40.461

Dato de inicio: 1960

Año de conclusión: n.d.

Tipo de Enfoque
Check dam in a gully of the Loess Plateau.
Description of building a check dam procedures.

Metas del Enfoque y entorno facilitador

Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque
The Approach focused on SLM only

1) Fixation and raise of erosion basis, preventing down cutting of channel and channel bank expansion. 2) Making channel silted to form sediment-covered terraces for farming. 3) Decreasing channel gradient and flow rates and reducing the flood risk of the lower reaches.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: 1) Serious debris flow which causes tremendous economic loss and threats to the residents safety. 2) Serious soil erosion, especially down cutting and expansion of gully. 3) Poor local economy, lack of funds and technology for soil erosion control.
Condiciones que facilitan la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque
Condiciones que impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque
  • Normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos: Unawareness of soil and conservation knowledge. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Strengthening education and training.
  • Disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros : More investment needed for mortar stone check dam. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government and company investment to develop eco-industry.
  • Marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights hindered a little the approach implementation The state has ownership of the land resources, land users can only lease the land for a period of time, they worry about their land would be transferred to others.
  • Conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico: Check dam design and construction need qualified technicians. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Professionals and training.

Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles
¿Qué partes interesadas/ entidades implementadoras estuvieron involucradas en el Enfoque? Especifique las partes interesadas Describa los roles de las partes interesadas
usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales Working land users were mainly men (In 1960s and 1970s, the SWC activities mainly distributed and administrated to farmers to do in leisure time(winter), and grouped to build check dams, terraces, etc Existing groups of land users; Those who live in gully areas and have less flat crop land provide their advices and requirement to the government and decision makers.
gobierno nacional (planificadores, autoridades)
Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque
ninguno
pasivo
apoyo externo
interactivo
auto-movilización
iniciación/ motivación
x
Mainly:public meetings; partly: workshops/seminars; Series of site meetings to explain the SWC to the land users.
planificación
x
Mainly: public meetings; partly: workshops/seminars
implementación
x
casual labour
monitoreo y evaluación
x
Mainly: interviews/questionnaires; partly: reporting;
Research
x
on-station
Flujograma

La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología MST

Las decisiones fueron tomadas por

  • solamente usuarios de tierras (autoiniciativa)
  • principalmente usuarios de tierras con el apoyo de especialistas MST
  • todos los actores relevantes, como parte de un enfoque participativo
  • principalmente por especialistas MST en consulta con usuarios de tierras
  • solo por especialistas MST
  • por políticos/ líderes

La toma de decisiones se basa en

  • la evaluación de conocimiento MST bien documentado (la toma de decisiones se basa en evidencia)
  • hallazgos de investigaciones
  • la experiencia personal y opiniones (no documentadas)

Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

Las siguientes actividades o servicios fueron parte del enfoque
Construcción de capacidades/ capacitación
Se proporcionó capacitación a las siguientes partes interesadas
  • usuarios de tierras
  • personal de campo/ consejeros
  • extensionists/trainers, politicians/decision makers
Forma de capacitación
  • en el contexto de trabajo
  • de agricultor a agricultor
  • áreas de demostración
  • reuniones públicas
  • cursos
Temas avanzados

The approach provide the training about the technology, such as check dam dimension and materials etc.

Servicio de asesoría
Se proporcionó servicio de asesoría
  • en los campos de los usuarios de tierras
  • en centros permanentes
The Basic Farmland Construction; Key elements: Government plan, design, distribute, Farmers implement; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system 2) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: Field visit and demonstration

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; At each government level, there is a SWC division which is in charge of SWC activities including extension.
Fortalecimiento institucional
Se fortalecieron/ establecieron instituciones
  • no
  • sí, un poco
  • sí, moderadamente
  • sí, mucho
en el siguiente nivel
  • local
  • regional
  • nacional
Describa la institución, los roles y las responsabilidades, miembros, etc.
Tipo de apoyo
  • financiero
  • construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento
  • equipo
Detalles adicionales
Monitoreo y evaluación
bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: debris flow frequency,speed,volume, time and damage technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: damage degree socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: accredited attitude for debris flow control and part icipation in check dam building. economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: control area area treated aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: science and rationality of Management no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Improving the construction method so as to make the check dams much durable.
Investigación
La investigación trató los siguientes temas
  • sociología
  • economía/ marketing
  • ecología
  • tecnología

Manual and criteria for standardization design and construction.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

Presupuesto anual en dólares americanos para el componente MST
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: n.d.
Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national): 90.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 10.0%
Los siguientes servicios o incentivos fueron proporcionados a los usuarios de las tierras
  • Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras
  • Subsidios para insumos específicos
  • Crédito
  • Otros incentivos o instrumentos
Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras
parcialmente financiado
totalmente financiado
equipo: maquinaria

x

El trabajo de los usuarios de las tierras fue

Crédito

Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

Impactos del Enfoque
No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho
¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?

Harvesting runoff in the rainy season and making 'deposited flat land'.

x
¿El Enfoque mejoró cuestiones de tenencia de tierra/ derechos de usuarios que obstaculizaron la implementación de la Tecnologías MST?

The SWC activities were organized to implement by local communities which can properly deal with the relationship. The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. The SWC applied area can be contracted for a long time between land ownership and users.

x
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

The method will help to control debris flow; the check dam is widely used

x
Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST
Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque
¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

Conclusiones y lecciones aprendidas

Fortalezas: perspectiva del usuario de tierras
  • Mitigating damage caused by debris flow and floods (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Making planning and design on watershed management)
Fortalezas: punto de vista del compilador o de otra persona recurso clave
  • Erosion control to decrease sediment (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Check dams building.)
  • More effective use of rainfall resources (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Develop compound management with cultivation and aquaculture.)
  • Increasing farmer’s income (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Completing irrigation facility and establishing economic forest)
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos: perspectiva del usuario de tierrascómo sobreponerse
  • After abolition of the compulsory labor and accumulative labor service, the enthusiasm and willingness of farmers to participation is lowered Some measures shoule be taken by government at all levels to stimulte and encourage farmers to participate in the construction work
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos: punto de vista del compilador o de otra persona recurso clavecómo sobreponerse
  • Large investment. Multi-level investment system, which includes national investment with local support, labor input by farmers, and use of foreign and social funds.

Referencias

Compilador
  • Haiyan WEI
Editors
Revisado por
  • David Streiff
Fecha de la implementación: 28 de enero de 2009
Últimas actualización: 9 de julio de 2017
Personas de referencia
Descripción completa en la base de datos de WOCAT
Datos MST vinculados
La documentación fue facilitada por
Institución Proyecto
Referencias claves
  • Special Planning of Soil and Water Conservation in Xinzhou Region , Shanxi Province (1986-2000): Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.
  • The application of the Check dam with willow in controlling gully erosion.Tu xingwen. Soil and water conservation in China, 1986.: Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.
  • How to design the dry masonry dam in the Hanjiachuan watershed. Tianyuzhu, Wangzuliang. Beijing. Water conservation in Beijing, 2000.3: Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.
  • Consideration about the check dam design and application. Liu shunzong. Soil and water conservation in China, 1990.6: Library of the Resource and Environmental Department of the Beijing Normal Univ.
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