Road Construction to open access to remote summer pasture (Boronov Ibrohim)

Improved access to remote summer pasture - through infrastructure development (Tayikistán)

Таъмини дастраси ба чарогохи тобистона

Descripción

In the mountainous conditions of Tajikistan the main source of fodder for livestock is accumulated in remote pastures, which are located high in the mountains and are classified as summer pastures. Improving access with building infrastructure (roads and bridges) to these remote pastures as a main source of fodder for livestock during summer period will decrease burden on pastures close to the village and will help rehabilitation of degraded pastures and improvement of other environmental services provided by pasture lands.

The main feature in this approach is to balance the use of the pasture land in different seasons thorugh development of access to this resources. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and break down of the kolkhozes and Sovkhozes in the mountainous area of Tajikistan, utilization of pasture lands were suffering because of poor infrastructure, such as roads and bridges. Through community mobilization and sharing of funding costs such as labour force, roads and bridges providing access to remote pastures are build. This approach motivated communities to put in place rotation plans of patures. The main objective of promoting this approach is to organize the whole potential of existing fodder from the pasture and decrease burden on the close pasture lands to communities.
In this approach participatory methods was used, where community shared labour force and the local government support with formal documentation to allow contraction of new roads and bridges. Funding was mobilized from different sources, such as donor funds, governments and sometimes from the community itself.
Communities as members of PUUs were mobilized to serve as labour with some funding from project to access materials and means for implementation. The plan was negotiated and coordinated with the local level governmental authorities for legal permission both on improving infrastructure and use of pastures remote from villages.
Communities were excited to have access to additional pasture lands, as source of fodder for livestock development. Under this approach communities were motivated to plan pasture use in a sustainable way. Since the approach involves construction of roads and bridges, it involved a lot of manpower, especially during the agriculture season, where land users were also busy in their fields.

Lugar

Lugar: Usually this approach is applicable in many parts of the country which is mainly mountainous regions and a similiar geography. , Roghun District/Rasht Valley, Tayikistán

Georreferencia de sitios seleccionados
  • 69.717, 38.752

Dato de inicio: n.d.

Año de conclusión: n.d.

Tipo de Enfoque
Construction of small bridge for safe movement of herd through the river (Boronov Ibrohim)

Metas del Enfoque y entorno facilitador

Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque
The main purpose of the approach is to support communities with improving access to the existing pasture resources and organize sustainable use of natural resources by providing also other ecosystem services such as recreational for people to go for hiking and mountaineering.
Condiciones que facilitan la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque
  • Normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos: Community and cultural norms are acceptable in coming together to work for community benefit for improving livelihood.
  • Disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros : Traditionally, communities collect funds for such kind of social works for livelihood and village development.
  • Entorno institucional: Communities are traditionally organized to invest both financially and in kind in such community initiatives.
  • Colaboración/ coordinación de actores: The approach brings all stakeholders together to work and make efforts for community development, where government is involved to mobilize communities.
  • Marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua): Usually, the pastures are owned by communities and considered as common resources used by all people. According to the Land Code, the government guarantees the effective use of natural resource for all people.
  • Conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico: In this area PUUs have been established and the members were trained on different topics, including pasture management, land degradation with use of different methods.
  • Carga de trabajo, disponibilidad de mano de obra: Traditionally, manpower is mobilized by communities to contribute to the project free of charge.
Condiciones que impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque
  • Disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros : Sometime the big volume of the workload does not allow to contribute to such kind of big initiatives.
  • Marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua): It is allowed to own pasture by individuals and in some cases individuals have ownership over big areas of pasture resource, which limit community grazing in this area.
  • Conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico: There is no official extention service on pasture management at community level and if there are any technical issues, the government refers to an official research institute, like the Livestock Institute, which has the capacity and knowledge to address specific topics.
  • Carga de trabajo, disponibilidad de mano de obra: Because of high level of migration provision of enough manpower through the community is difficult.

Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles
¿Qué partes interesadas/ entidades implementadoras estuvieron involucradas en el Enfoque? Especifique las partes interesadas Describa los roles de las partes interesadas
usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales livestock owners, PUU members, herders usually serve as manpower and participate in the implementation of the approach
organizaciones comunitarias village organization, traditional groups mobilize communities to contribute there share, negotiate with government in providing legal documentation for implementation of the approach
ONG registered local Public Organization attracting donor organizations, support with development of the plan and mechanism for maintenance and sustainablity
gobierno local land committee, agriculture department, environmental protection committee provide legal documentation, supervise the compliance with norms and regulation of government
Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque
ninguno
pasivo
apoyo externo
interactivo
auto-movilización
iniciación/ motivación
Community members such as livestock owners are involved in the process of identifying the potential for pasture development.
planificación
Community members, who graze their livestock in the remote pastures together with community based organizations/structures jointly develop their plan and priorities they need. In their planning process a representative from the local government usually participates.
implementación
In the implementation phase usually, if external funding is not available, community with support of their local structures organize themselves and share contribution to build or rehabilitate infrastructure to the pasture lands.
monitoreo y evaluación
If the project is funded from external resources joint monitoring is conducted with involvement of government representatives, funders and community members.
Flujograma

La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología MST

Las decisiones fueron tomadas por

  • solamente usuarios de tierras (autoiniciativa)
  • principalmente usuarios de tierras con el apoyo de especialistas MST
  • todos los actores relevantes, como parte de un enfoque participativo
  • principalmente por especialistas MST en consulta con usuarios de tierras
  • solo por especialistas MST
  • por políticos/ líderes

La toma de decisiones se basa en

  • la evaluación de conocimiento MST bien documentado (la toma de decisiones se basa en evidencia)
  • hallazgos de investigaciones
  • la experiencia personal y opiniones (no documentadas)

Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

Las siguientes actividades o servicios fueron parte del enfoque
Fortalecimiento institucional
Se fortalecieron/ establecieron instituciones
  • no
  • sí, un poco
  • sí, moderadamente
  • sí, mucho
en el siguiente nivel
  • local
  • regional
  • nacional
Describa la institución, los roles y las responsabilidades, miembros, etc.
Usually the community initiative is mobilized through community based organizations (village organization), which exist in all communities. In some cases specific structures, such as Pasture User Unions as separate entities or pasture user groups such as CBO sub-groups are established for proper management of pasture resources. In this case a pasture group with a specific working group (or brigade) consisting of specialized masters is organized to carry out the construction process and report to the official structure in the communities.
Tipo de apoyo
  • financiero
  • construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento
  • equipo
Detalles adicionales
for procurement of construction materials and fuel for tractor for road construction, fee for technical staff like engineer, masters
Monitoreo y evaluación
compliance with sustainability plan and maintenance mechanism is monitored by the project staff and engineering work by technical staff was checked and readjusted

Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

Presupuesto anual en dólares americanos para el componente MST
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: n.d.
sharing contribution by donors and communities and also sometime by government
Los siguientes servicios o incentivos fueron proporcionados a los usuarios de las tierras
  • Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras
  • Subsidios para insumos específicos
  • Crédito
  • Otros incentivos o instrumentos
Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras
construction materials and technical supervision with preparing of the design and implementation of the approach
parcialmente financiado
totalmente financiado
equipo: maquinaria

tractor and bulldozer cost for working

equipo: maquinaria: herramientas

materials for fencing in some places, construction materials and pipes for bridge

construcción: madera

some was share by communities

cement

based on the approved scheme, especially for construction of bridge the amount of cement is fully covered

infraestructura: caminos

For construction/rehabilitation of roads usually only materials and tools (construction machinery) are provided. The job is carried out by communities as there contribution.

El trabajo de los usuarios de las tierras fue

Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

Impactos del Enfoque
No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho
¿El Enfoque empoderó a los usuarios locales de tierras, mejoró el involucramiento de las partes interesadas?

The project brings together different stakeholders who are interested in sustainable management and use of pastures, such as livestock owners, local government agencies, community based organizations.

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?

When access to new pastures improve, different other approaches and technologies are applied in this new area.

¿El Enfoque movilizó/mejoró el acceso a recursos financieros para implementar MST?

When communities make their own plan to implement projects for their livelihoods, (especially construction) either government, local businessmen and external resources are interested to contribute.

¿El Enfoque mitigó conflictos?

To some extent, when approaches improve access to new areas, pressure over pastures will be decreased.

¿El Enfoque mejoró cuestiones de tenencia de tierra/ derechos de usuarios que obstaculizaron la implementación de la Tecnologías MST?

Communities will have access to new or unused pasture lands and will strengthen ownership over this resources.

¿El Enfoque resultó en mejor seguridad alimentaria/ mejoró la nutrición?

When a new source of fodder is established, livestock productivity will improve and contribute to community food security and nutrition.

Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST
  • producción incrementada
  • incremento de la renta(bilidad), proporción mejorada de costo-beneficio
  • reducción de la degradación de la tierra
  • reducción del riesgo de desastres naturales
  • carga de trabajo reducida
  • pagos/ subsidios
  • reglas y reglamentos (multas)/ aplicación
  • prestigio, presión social/ cohesión social
  • afiliación al movimiento/ proyecto/ grupo/ redes
  • conciencia medioambiental
  • costumbres y creencias, moral
  • conocimiento y capacidades mejorados de MST
  • mejoramiento estético
  • mitigación de conflicto
Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque
¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?
  • no
  • sí
  • incierto

Conclusiones y lecciones aprendidas

Fortalezas: perspectiva del usuario de tierras
  • provide them with additional pasture areas, give them opportunity to improve their pasture resource conditions.
Fortalezas: punto de vista del compilador o de otra persona recurso clave
  • The approach motivates community to share resources for the community work and contribute voluntary lobour.
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos: perspectiva del usuario de tierrascómo sobreponerse
  • It is difficult to fund big projects, because infrastructure development to access new pasture areas is always associated with big funding. establish special fund for maintenance of this approach
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos: punto de vista del compilador o de otra persona recurso clavecómo sobreponerse
  • Community structures are new and are not well empowered to maintain all the innovative approaches. empower PUU and pasture users to become the real owner of the resource and build their capacity in management of their structure and sustainability

Referencias

Compilador
  • Askarsho Zevarshoev
Editors
Revisado por
  • Maximilian Knoll
  • Yacime Khadraoui
Fecha de la implementación: 26 de marzo de 2018
Últimas actualización: 8 de junio de 2018
Personas de referencia
Descripción completa en la base de datos de WOCAT
Datos MST vinculados
La documentación fue facilitada por
Institución Proyecto
Referencias claves
  • Pasture and Livestock Management Plan, Zevarshoev Askarsho, 2015: available upon request
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International