Breve descripción de la práctica óptima

The best practice is addressed how to generate sustainable livelihoods in the Mongolian herder economy. Sustainable rural livelihoods depend on the sustainability
of economic, social, environmental and institutional factors and investigates whether technical solutions exist to reduce pasture degradation and desertification, such as
restoring proper seasonal movements, resting and other improvements to pastures, can make underused pastureland available via investments in roads and water points,
haymaking and fencing, etc. These techniques and practices are described in detail, and many are shown to contribute positively to pasture health and productivity.|

Lugar

Zavkhan aimag, Arkhangai aimag, Tov aimag, Selenge aimag, Dundgobi aimag, Dornod aimag, Dornogobi aimag of Mongolia.|

Breve descripción del entorno natural en el lugar especificado

The topography of Mongolia consists mainly of a plateau with the elevation ranging from 914 and 1524 m
(about 3000 and 5000 ft) broken by mountain ranges in the north and west. The Altai Mountains in the southwest rise to heights above 4267 m (14,000 ft). The Gobi covers a wide arid tract in the central and southeastern areas. The most important rivers are the Selenge Mörön and its tributary, the Orhon Gol, in the north. Large lakes include the Har Us, Hyargas, Uvs, and Khovsgol.|
Soil in Mongolia has been divided into following:
1. Black soil is found in Khangai, Khentii, Khovsgol provinces, Mongol Altai and Ih Hyangan Mountain
ranges, and the in the Orhon, Selenge, Onon and Ulz river valleys which are in the forest steppe region.
2. Brown soil is in the forest steppe and steppe region|
The 9 aimags located in different regions of Mongolia. The climate in these aimags is continental climate with long, cold winters and short summers, during which most precipitation falls. The country averages 257 cloudless days a year, and it is usually at the center of a region of high atmospheric pressure. Precipitation is highest in the north, which averages 20 to 35 centimeters per year, and lowest in the south, which
receives 10 to 20 centimeters.|

Condiciones socioeconómicas imperantes de los habitantes del lugar o las proximidades

Mongolian Land Law adopted in 2002 and Constitution (1992) recognises the state ownership of pastures, forests, and subsoil and water resources, thus making private ownership of these resources impossible.The Law on Land provides rights for ownership, possession, use and limited use. Possession rights may be held by citizens, economic entities and organizations for up to 60 years, with the right to extension for additional
periods of 40 years.|
Main income source is livestock breeding and small crop and vegetable growing
Average income in these aimags is $200-250 per person

¿En base de qué criterios o indicadores (no relacionados con la Estrategia) se ha considerado la práctica propuesta y la tecnología correspondiente como ‘óptima’?

The pasture land use is one of the challenging issues in Mongolia. The approach could play very important role for proper use of pasture land in Mongolia. That's why the approach considered as the best.

Principales problemas que trata la práctica óptima

The herdsman's understanding about the importance of the use of such collective actions.

Explique los problemas específicos de la degradación de las tierras que trata la práctica óptima.

The transition to the market economy led to a sharp rise in the number of herders, as well as animals such as goats, sheep, horses, camels and the cattle. It leads to overgrazing and Land degradation. The traditional methods to use the pastureland sustainably had lost during the transition period. This is the problems addressed by the practice.|

Especifique los objetivos de la práctica óptima.

1. To assist the herder groups in their establishment and further growing
2. To assist local administrations to provide services to the herder groups.

Breve descripción de las principales actividades, por objetivo

Activities are mostly undertaken by Pasture-User Groups with support from their local governments. The project assisted to the local Governments for providing the services.
The project "Green gold" assisted the herders in the areas of the project. During the project implementing period there were established 189 pasture user groups.

Breve descripción y especificaciones técnicas de la tecnología

N/A

Nombre y dirección de la institución que desarrolla la tecnología

Mongolian Society for Range Management|Ikh toiruu-49,
Bayanzurkh district, 12th microdistrict
Ulaanbatar, Mongolia
Phone: +976 11 70151458
E-mail: dorligsuren@greengold.mn

¿La tecnología se desarrolló en una alianza?

Sí

enumere los asociados:

Green gold project, financed by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation|

Especifique el marco en el que se promovió la tecnología

• Iniciativa nacional – no gubernamental

¿La participación de interesados locales, incluidas las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, favoreció el desarrollo de la tecnología?

Sí

enumere los interesados participantes:

1. Herders and pasture user groups
2. Local governments

Detalle la función de los interesados enumerados anteriormente en cuanto a diseño, introducción, uso y mantenimiento de la tecnología, en su caso.

1. The herder groups were involved in testing and using of the approaches.
2. Local Governments considered the approaches as a tool to solve the problems and played role to encourage the establishment of herders groups and their further actions.

¿La población que habitaba en el lugar o en las proximidades participó en el desarrollo de la tecnología?

Sí

¿de qué manera?

• Planteamientos basados en la participación

Describa los impactos in situ (los dos principales impactos por categoría).

The improved pasture management will play important role for coping with DLDD.
The local Governments in neighboring aimags started ti interest the establishment of pasture user groups
Herders in neighboring soums were interested and motivated to establish herders' groups and cooperate
When the pasture use will better the productivity of the animal husbandry will be improved.

Describa los dos principales impactos fuera del lugar (por ejemplo, que no se registran en el lugar, pero sí en las zonas próximas).

The use of such best practice will be very good tool to show the herders the advantage of the collective actions.

Impacto en la diversidad biológica y el cambio climático

Justifíquelo:

The best practice will play important role for sustainable use of pasture land and consequently there will be positive impact on biodiversity and climate change.

¿Se ha elaborado un análisis costo-beneficio?

¿Se ha elaborado un análisis costo-beneficio? :

No

¿La tecnología se difundió o introdujo en otros lugares?

¿La tecnología se difundió o introdujo en otros lugares? :

Sí

¿Dónde? :

To other provinces of Mongolia. The best practice was introduced on several workshops.

¿Se dispuso de incentivos para facilitar la aceptación de la tecnología proporcionada?

¿Se dispuso de incentivos para facilitar la aceptación de la tecnología proporcionada?

Sí

Especifique qué tipo de incentivos:

• Incentivos políticos o reglamentarios (por ejemplo, relacionados con los requisitos y las regulaciones del mercado, importación o exportación, inversión extranjera, ayudas para la investigación y el desarrollo, etc.)

¿Puede identificar las tres principales condiciones para el éxito de la práctica óptima/tecnología presentada?

As result of the cooperation the herders' income will be increased
Due to climate change the herders face challenges i.e severe winter, hot summer. This condition led to the successful implementation of the approach.|
The best practice will led to proper use of pasture land and consequently it will influence positively on ecosystem.

Replicabilidad

¿En su opinión, la práctica óptima/la tecnología que ha propuesto se puede reproducir en cualquier otro lugar con un cierto nivel de adaptación?

Sí

¿A qué nivel?

• Local
• Nacional

En relación con los recursos humanos

The well trained specialists are very important to introduce the best practice

En relación con los aspectos técnicos

Relevant training and hand books are very important for the herders that they understand the benefit.