Breve descripción de la práctica óptima

Borrow-Pit was the quarry site of earthen materials during hydro-power construction. A huge quantity of clay soils was borrowed from this site for the construction of core part of earthen dam. Later, the quarry sites of clay soil were converted to the degraded land, due to destruction of vegetation and haphazardly distribution of earthen material around the quarry sites until 1985.
The Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management designed the technology and implemented the degraded land rehabilitation activities and implemented since 1986. The implemented activities were;
• Series of gabion and dry-stone check dams in highly risky area
• Contour ditches and trenches all over the degraded area
• Conifer and broadleaf tree plantation based on site condition
• Fodder and grass plantation.
• Bamboo shaft wattling and plantation of its cuttings
• Construction of proper and safe drainage system
• Arrange the watch man for the take care of conservation works
After 10 years of rehabilitation works, the forest management plan was prepared and handed-over to the local community as community forest. Later the community forestry user group was conducting the income generating activities like Ginger and turmeric farming and utilizing the other forest products, regularly.

Lugar

Markhu VDC, Ward No-9, Makawanpur District, Nepal

Breve descripción del entorno natural en el lugar especificado

Middle mountain region, average slope 15-30 percent with out-ward slope in plain/tars in north - east aspect.
Loamy to Clay-loamy soils with very low humus contain in the plain/tar area and colluvial and alluvial soil deposition in the mountain slopes and river/stream banks
Warm temperate climate with annual mean precipitation 1725 mm and annual mean temperature   14o C, Average altitude 1650 meter ASL.

Condiciones socioeconómicas imperantes de los habitantes del lugar o las proximidades

The household income of the community is this area is below national average mainly because of their dependency on rain fed agricultural practices and livestock farming.
The average land holding per household in the Borrow-pit community forest (CF) area is 0.4 hectare. Land tenure is  private ownership.
Agriculture and livestock are the main sources of income for the local people. Except the agriculture, they are getting the income from cash crops i.e. vegetable and fruits. Occasionally they are getting a small income from the forest products and fish farming after establishment of the Community Forest and the Kulekhani hydropower  reservoir, respectively.  

¿En base de qué criterios o indicadores (no relacionados con la Estrategia) se ha considerado la práctica propuesta y la tecnología correspondiente como ‘óptima’?

Specially, the Borrow-pit Community Forest is the best practices for the quarry site rehabilitation because it rehabilitated and converted the area of loose and necked soils into the dense forest within the period of 10 years. At the same time, the demand of forest product is fulfilling by the same area for the local community and opportunity of income generation also created. Moreover, the confidence on technology and awareness level of people has been created in locality. Therefore the practices of borrow pit community forest is became a best practice for the degraded land rehabilitation especially for the quarry sites after borrowing the earthen material.

Principales problemas que trata la práctica óptima

The main problems addressed by this best practice are;
1)Degraded land rehabilitation especially for the quarry sites of earthen materials
2)Community empowering and mobilization for the land rehabilitation
3)Minimization of soil erosion and sediment supply to reservoir/river
4)Fulfill the demand of forest product with income generation opportunity

Explique los problemas específicos de la degradación de las tierras que trata la práctica óptima.

Rehabilitation of degraded land especially for the quarry sites, minimization of soil loss and reservoir siltation, fulfilled the demand of forest product and increased income generation opportunity

Especifique los objetivos de la práctica óptima.

The main objectives of best practices are;
1. Rehabilitation of degraded land especially for the quarry site of earthen materials.
2. Control the soil loss from degraded land and reduced the sedimentation in reservoir.
3. Creation of opportunity for the income generation of local people after a certain period of time.  

Breve descripción de las principales actividades, por objetivo

Rehabilitation of degraded lands especially, the land rehabilitation was carried out for the quarry sites of earthen materials.
1.Stabilization of degraded slopes
2.Contour trenching , tree plantation and surface grass plantation
3.Gully plugging by check-dam construction  and bioengineering        
Opportunity for income generation has been created for the local people after the certain period of degraded land rehabilitation with the supply of forest products to the local community.  
Control the soil loss from degraded land and reduced the sedimentation in the reservoir.

Breve descripción y especificaciones técnicas de la tecnología

This practice is useful for the degraded land rehabilitation especially for the micro-catchment treatment in the upstream areas.

Nombre y dirección de la institución que desarrolla la tecnología

Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Government of Nepal|Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal

¿La tecnología se desarrolló en una alianza?

No

Especifique el marco en el que se promovió la tecnología

• Iniciativa local
• Iniciativa nacional – gubernamental

¿La participación de interesados locales, incluidas las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, favoreció el desarrollo de la tecnología?

Sí

enumere los interesados participantes:

Local community forestry users Group
Local level women Development Group

Detalle la función de los interesados enumerados anteriormente en cuanto a diseño, introducción, uso y mantenimiento de la tecnología, en su caso.

The contributions of local stakeholders were as follows;
1. Collection of locally available construction materials for the construction of check-dams, retaining walls and safe drainages.
2. Earthwork excavation for construction
3. Fodder tree and grass plantation
4. Land preparation and cultivation zinger and turmeric farming.

¿La población que habitaba en el lugar o en las proximidades participó en el desarrollo de la tecnología?

Sí

¿de qué manera?

• Planteamientos basados en la participación

Describa los impactos in situ (los dos principales impactos por categoría).

1. Control of soil loss and land degradation
2.  biodiversity conservation
1. Increase the household and community income by selling the forest products
2. Operation of saving and credit scheme that helped to carry out income generating activities
1. Greenery promotion through the development of vegetation
2. Increases the soil nutrient and moisture in the locality
1. Income generation from fish farming in Kulekhani reservoir
2. Additional income from the cash crops.
1. Soil conservation and greenery development
2. Opportunity for the income generation
1. Timber, firewood, grass and fodder production
2. Cash crops such as ginger and turmeric

Describa los dos principales impactos fuera del lugar (por ejemplo, que no se registran en el lugar, pero sí en las zonas próximas).

1. Reduced the sedimentation in Kulekhani Hydropower reservoir and increases the lifespan of reservoir
2. Increases household income by the fish farming in the reservoir
1. Increases the life span of the Kulekhani reservoir
2. Reduce forest degradation and deforestation in neighboring villages.

Impacto en la diversidad biológica y el cambio climático

Justifíquelo:

The main reasons are:
Increased carbon sequestration by forest,
Vulnerability to the impact of climate change reduced due to increased income and availability of forest products.

¿Se ha elaborado un análisis costo-beneficio?

¿Se ha elaborado un análisis costo-beneficio? :

No

¿La tecnología se difundió o introdujo en otros lugares?

¿La tecnología se difundió o introdujo en otros lugares? :

No

¿Se dispuso de incentivos para facilitar la aceptación de la tecnología proporcionada?

¿Se dispuso de incentivos para facilitar la aceptación de la tecnología proporcionada?

Sí

Especifique qué tipo de incentivos:

• Incentivos financieros (por ejemplo, tasas preferenciales, ayudas estatales, subvenciones, donaciones, garantías de préstamo, etc.)
• Incentivos fiscales (por ejemplo, exención o reducción de los impuestos, obligaciones fiscales, gravámenes, etc.)

¿Puede identificar las tres principales condiciones para el éxito de la práctica óptima/tecnología presentada?

1. Intensive visit and interaction with the local community by the officials from the government
2. Motivated and well structured community organization
3. Homogenous and supportive community

Replicabilidad

¿En su opinión, la práctica óptima/la tecnología que ha propuesto se puede reproducir en cualquier otro lugar con un cierto nivel de adaptación?

Sí

¿A qué nivel?

• Local
• Nacional
• Regional

En relación con los recursos humanos

After designing the technology, the limited number of middle level technical manpower is needed to implement the program and help local community.

En relación con los aspectos técnicos

This is relatively easy technology for the local people to adopt and easily replicable to other sites by local community themselves.