1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Italia

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

The PFI approach seeks to build on technical initiatives - innovation in the local context - developed by farmers themselves in dry/marginal areas where the conventional approach of transfer of technology from research to extension agents and then on to farmers has so often failed.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: The objective of PFI is to stimulate technical innovation, in the field of land management, by farmers. The approach basically comprises indentifying, validating and documenting local innovations/initiatives. Simple monitoring and evaluation systems are set up amongst those innovative farmers who are willing to co-operate. Through contact with researchers, extra value is added to these techniques where possible.

Methods: Farmer innovators are brought together to share Ideas. Finally, best-bet technologies, in other words thos that are considered to be good enough to be sharedd, are disseminated through farmer-to-farmer extension. This takes two forms. First, farmers are brought to visit the innovators in their farms. Secondly, farmer innovators are used as teachers/trainers to visit groups of farmers - including FAO's farmer field schools in some cases. Only in this second form of extension is an allowance payable to the innovator. A ten-step field activity methodology has been developed.

Role of stakeholders: At programme level, there is capacity building of in-line extension and research staff, who are the main outside actors in the programme. In each of the countries the approach has been implemented through a government ministry and with NGOs in the field. The principle, and practice, is not to create seperate project enclaves, but to work through existing personnel, sharing buildings and vehicles that are already operational in the area. A programme development process methodological framework shows how the ultimate goal of institutionalisation can be achieved. PFI's first phase, completed in 2000, was financed by the Government of The Netherlands, through UNDP, and was active in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

• proyecto/ basado en un programa

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (better land husbandry practices (eg animal husbandry/ crop selection))

Improve rural livelihoods through an increase in the rate of diffusion and appropriate SLM/water harvesting technologies, promotion of farmer-farmer exchange, capacity building of farmers and supporting organisations, promotion of policy dialogue

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Poor supply of relevant recommendations from research for small-scale farmers in marginal areas, poor delivery of SLM technologies to farmers, lack of motivation of research and extension staff, isolation of promising innovative SLM ideas which address low crop yields, land degradation and poverty, lack of exchange of innovative knowledge.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	pasivo	public meetings, interviews/questionnaires, workshops/seminars, rapid/participatory rural appraisal
planificación	interactivo	rapid/participatory rural appraisal, interviews/questionnaires, workshops/seminars, public meetings,
implementación	interactivo	Mainly: responsibility for minor steps; partly: responsibility for major steps
monitoreo y evaluación	interactivo	Mainly: public meetings, measurements/observations; partly: workshop/seminars;
Research	interactivo	Mainly: public meetings, measurements/observations; partly: workshop/seminars;

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

• principalmente usuarios de tierras con el apoyo de especialistas MST

Explique:

land user driven (bottom-up). farmers developed the technologies; field staff selected them

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. land user driven (bottom-up).

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:

• usuarios de tierras

• SWC specialists, extensionists/trainer

Forma de capacitación:

• de agricultor a agricultor
• reuniones públicas
• cursos

Temas avanzados:

1. Training in presentation skills for farmer innovators 2. Facilitation of field days where innovators/ extension staff could present jointly (so farmers trained thereby)

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:

• en los campos de los usuarios de tierras

Describa/ comentarios:

Name of method used for advisory service: 'Farmer Innovation Approach'; Key elements: Identify Fis, Form networks of FIs groups which meet, Bring farmers to see 'best-bet' innovations; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system, non-governmental agency 2) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system, non-governmental agency; Extension staff: mainly government employees

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?

• sí, moderadamente

Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:

• local

Especifique el tipo de apoyo:

• construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored

technical aspects were regular monitored
socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored

economic / production aspects were regular monitored

area treated aspects were ad hoc monitored

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: e.g. Better integration with government services/ system for technical backstopping and extension

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Especifique los temas:

• tecnología

Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

research was slow to begin activities in this phase but supposed to be a key pillar in this farmer/ research/ extension linkage

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:

• 100,000-1,000,000

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (Dutch Government): 60.0%; government (national): 20.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 20.0%

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

• agrícola

Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:

• voluntario?

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

No

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

• incierto

Si respondió no o incierto, especifique y comente:

There may be some groups of farmers who will continue to meet and exchange ideas but this approach basically depends on a continuation (long term) of the farmer/ extension/ research interaction

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Gives them confidence
Offers them new and viable ideas from their peers

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Builds on local ideas (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: institutionalise the approach!)
Revitalises the extension service
Is attractive at all levels

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Research reluctant to respond to farmers' agenda	effort to convince researchers of benefits of joint research with farmers.

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Depends on individual flexibility and commitment, does not follow the conventional institutional chain of command	training in skills and methodologies.
Sometimes confers too much prestige on a particular group of favoured farmers	rotate farmers who are the focus of attention.

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Promoting Farmer Innovation (1999) Critchley et alVideo (same name)

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

RELMA, Nairobiditto