Enfoques

Family-based daily herding [Tayikistán]

Creación: 23/02/2010 00:00
Actualización: 13/07/2022 16:04
Compilador: Christian Wirz
Editor: –
Revisores: David Streiff, Joana Eichenberger

approaches_2657 - Tayikistán

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Especialista MST:

Christian Wirz

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - Suiza

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

20/08/2008

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

Reduced livestock numbers [Tayikistán]

The grasslands are used as pastures by a reduced number of livestock belonging to an individual land user.

Compilador: Christian Wirz
23/08/2010 09:45

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

Private herding of 50 goats by the land user and his sons.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: The most important objective for the land user is to make a living for his family (himself, his wife, his sons and their families) by means of simple work, without taking money from others that does not belong to him (without taking bribes). Animal husbandry is an important part of his multistrategy (orchard, kitchen garden, haymaking, grazing). He wants his animals to be fat and healthy and measures the success of his work by the prices obtained on the cattle-market. Further, he does not want that animals damage pastures by too high numbers or too early grazing. For example, vegetation cover is important for him, because it is a protection of soils against frost, it is the best reservoir of seeds and it provides dung for oither plants

Methods: The most important method is is the land user's own initiative, since administration reveals to be a handicap rather than a help. The land user understands himself as someone who relfects on problems and searches for solutions. As an example he mentions the visible damages caused especially by cows if they are led to the pastures too early. He does not lead his cows to the pastures before May because of this and he recommends the village to do so, too, for the village herds. For him, it is necessary to learn from the environment and to respect it. He is also convinced that in the new economic reality after the breakdown of Soviet Union, initiative and entrepreneurial spirit are necessary for success.

Stages of implementation: After renting land for the implementation of an orchard, building a hut and cultivating a garden, he bought a herd. This means that for him breakdown of USSR marks the beginning of his 'Self-made man' approach.

Role of stakeholders: Every family member should contribute to the success of the family enterprise.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

Galería de medios

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

Tayikistán

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Region of Republican Subordination

Especifique más el lugar :

Faizabad

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

Indique año del inicio:

1991

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

iniciativa local reciente/ innovadora

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Assuring livestock nutrition, minimising labour input for herding. Still, conservation is also important.)

The choice to have an own herd, separated from the village herd and with the daily obligation to send a family member for herding is mainly based on productivity and animal health: Besides having fatter animals on these more distant pastures it permits the land user to keep billy goats separately from the females to avoid having goatlets before the middle of March. This is important as the goatlets might die because of the low temperatures. In village herds animals always stay together. In addition pastures in the hills around his land are better than those close to villages.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Especially during civil war the main challenge was survival. This means, that in insecure times (that still continue to a certain degree) it was necessary to escape the chaos of war, which was best possible by this self-sufficient system.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos

impiden

Jealousy of some villagers led to burning down a part of his orchard.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Trees were planted again. Since then, nothing happened anymore.

marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua)

impiden

Even if he has a farmer's association with land that he can cultivate autonomously, administration regularly asked him for money to have clear land tenure.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Paying for ones rights is unavoidable.

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately hindered the approach implementation Even if the land reforms after independance made it possible to build up a farmer's association and to rent land, its slow implementation and the partly unclear land tenure make it difficult to plan business. For example, planting trees for rehabilitation would require the security that the returns by improved pastures would profit the land user. As a further example, the land user would have liked to start a factory with mineral water, but his rights for the use of water are unclear and he is

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales

The land user with his family

Traditionally, herding is a matter of men, whereas the work in the kitchen, together with the production of butter, cream and curd cheese is done by women.

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	auto-movilización
planificación	auto-movilización
implementación	auto-movilización
monitoreo y evaluación	ninguno
Research	ninguno

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

solamente usuarios de tierras (autoiniciativa)

Explique:

The land user bought the land and built up his own livelihood by himself, together with his family.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Even if in the beginning Soil Institute was interested in research activities on his land, this did not take place, so that he bases all his decisions on his own knowledge and experience.

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

It helped in the sense of allowing the land user to develop and implement a herding system by himself. It only helped little because the main reason for having less erosion than in other places is the lower accessibility.

¿El Enfoque empoderó a grupos en desventaja social y económica?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

¿El Enfoque mejoró cuestiones de tenencia de tierra/ derechos de usuarios que obstaculizaron la implementación de la Tecnologías MST?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

The fact of being able to graze only slightly used village pastures without paying additional rent fees is positive.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

The land user did not mention anyone else with a similar herding system. It might only make sense to have an own herd daily grazing in a more or less fix area under the circumstances given: low accessibility for the village herd and a completely self-sufficient family-enterprise.

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

The prices achieved by this land user for a sold animal are far higher than those for an average animal of a village herd. And the animals are fatter, thus providing for more food. At the same time th

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

The land user was already well-situated in Soviet times, so the additional wealth is negligible.

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

incremento de la renta(bilidad), proporción mejorada de costo-beneficio

This method allows high returns (fat animals) with minimal costs.

prestigio, presión social/ cohesión social

A humble man works much to leave his children remaining values, i.e. good pastures.

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Having land that he can use alone (only garden and orchard) or at least quite independently (pastures) is an advantage for him. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Giving him the right to use the pastures as a part of his farmer's association would be an interesting option for him.)
Because his approach is based on observations, the land user has a good knowledge of the state of environment and especially of livestock.
There is a potential of more fodder-production (esparset, lucerne) thanks to the rented land. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: This might enable him to keep more animals, which is his objective.)

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
It combines a reasonable use of available workforce with minimal labour inputs, for instance by leaving the cows on the pastures without a herder. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continuity is given thanks to both sons' decision to continue the project of their father with their families)
It is based on the reflected, autonomous decisions of a land user with a good education. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Education of sons and grandchildren is important for the land user.)

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
No systematical monitoring and no research on the efficiency of this herding system are carried out on the land user's land.	Collaboration with the soil institute might be interesting and might be facilitated by the land user's past function as research coordinator of this institute .
No clear land use rights and charges defined in a possibly new legal situation (semiprivate use of pastures).	Land reforms must define if and under which conditions pastures can be rented by privates.
No research or systematical monitoring exist in the study-area for this herding system	Collaboration with soil institute, whose former brigadier the land user was.

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