Enfoques

Women practices SLM through Vanilla cultivation [Sri Lanka]

Women practices SLM through Vanilla cultivation

approaches_5177 - Sri Lanka

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Especialista MST:

Bandara Rotawewa

Nimal Gunasena

Upul Jayaweera

Tissa Wathukarage

Nombre del proyecto que facilitó la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque (si fuera relevante)
Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

03/01/2019

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

Women in Central Highlands of Sri Lanka practice sustainable land management through vanilla cultivation and earn extra income for their families

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

The average land size of home gardens in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka is about 0.25 ac – 0.5 acre. Fruits and spice trees randomly exist in these land plots. The top soil is always disturbed due to daily human activities. Apart from run-off water from upper lands, roof top rainwater flows in all directions causing heavy soil erosion in the home gardens. The home gardens are the least attended land plots in terms of conservation.
Vanilla SLM model is an economically attractive opportunity for women in potential growing areas where ideal environmental conditions are existing. The objectives of the approach are to reduce soil erosion in the home gardens due to daily human activities and introduce a cash crop with higher economic benefit; in general, to promote awareness for sustainable land management (SLM) among the community.
The strategy is to motivate landowners towards SLM: mainly through income generation. Women groups were considered and selected as most suitable target group for the approach. Income generation through this approach help them to improve their social and financial status.
The methods of the approach were following: The women groups were accompanied to well managed vanilla cultivation (exposure visit) to explain and show them about the financial benefits of vanilla plantations. Further, importance of SLM Techniques of Vanilla cultivation were discussed and demonstrated. Next step is practical training on individual farm planning, selection and implementation of SLM techniques according to the farm plan and finally, the maintenance phase of the vanilla plantation starts. The extension officers of the Department of Agriculture support the whole implementation process in each home garden. The project 'Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka (GEF Project ID: 5677)' supports the overall coordination and as well directly, the women group with planting materials. Technical support on SLM and the cultivation is provided by the Department of Export Agriculture and and coordination and faciltiation of trainings by the Agrarian Services Center of the area. The female farmers have formed their own Vanilla Growers Association and they organize their own training programs on negociation skills and marketing arrangements. Private vanilla processors and marketers are linked with the women group. This means, the field coordinator of the Vanilla processing and exporting company trains the farmers on quality vanilla production, assures the market linkage that keeps farmers interest in SLM and vanilla cultivation at high level, and he concludes sales contracts with the farmers.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

Galería de medios

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

Sri Lanka

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Central

Especifique más el lugar :

Doluwa

Comentarios:

Administrative information : http://doluwa.ds.gov.lk/index.php/en/

Previsualización del mapa

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

Indique año del inicio:

2018

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

  • proyecto/ basado en un programa

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

• Introduce SLM in home gardening
• Introduce vanilla cultivation as a sustainable source of income for women, encourage them to effectively use their free time for income generation
• Add economic and esthetic value for backyards and home gardens.
• Increase environmental awareness among women and inculcate positive attitude towards environmental protection

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos
  • facilitan

Women play an important role in income generation for the family. The income from the vanilla as a highly valued product improves their social status.

disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros
  • facilitan

Vanilla is a cash crop and the risk of crop failure is minimal. Therfore the imcome is expected to grow and, the accessibility to financial resources and services should increase as well.

entorno institucional
  • facilitan

The female farmers have formed their own Vanilla Growers Association and they organize their own training programs and marketing arrangements.

colaboración/ coordinación de actores
  • facilitan

Technical support on SLM and the cultivation is provided by the Department of Export Agriculture and Agrarian Services Center of the area. Private vanilla processors and marketers are linked with the women group.

marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua)
  • facilitan

The approach is practiced around the living house of the families; the surrounding home gardens belong to them. The approach promotes techniques against soil erosion and the use of organic composts. There is no special demand for water since the crop growth bases on rain-fed agriculture.

conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico
  • facilitan

The technical and extension officers of the government are available for technical support and advice. Private vanilla companies have employed extension officers and promote SLM practices as well. The crop yield mostly depends on the SLM techniques adopted.

mercados (para comprar insumos, vender productos) y precios
  • facilitan

The input requirement is very limited. The planting materials (vanilla cuttings) are easily available. The vine supporting Gliricidia tree is locally available. The SLM techniques applied are simple. The terraced preparation can be done with materials such as coconut husk and tree logs.
The price for natural vanilla is high. The women has been formed into groups and they have developed negotiation skills about the vanilla market.

carga de trabajo, disponibilidad de mano de obra
  • facilitan

The type of the SLM practices are not labor-intensive. Family labor is sufficient to establish 100 - 200 vanilla vine with good SLM techniques such as single platforms and contour platforms. Vanilla can be seen as a labor neutral crop.

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

  • usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales

Land owners of Doluwa area (Sri Lanka)
Lead farmer (Vanilla grower)

Land owners of Doluwa area (of Sri Lanka) : Participation on SLM training, production of vanilla under SLM practices, formed and members of vanilla growers group in the village to look after services, training and marketing

Lead farmer (Vanilla grower) : Training facility and conduct trialing and experience sharing

  • especialistas MST/consejeros agrícolas

Extension officer of Department of Export Agriculture
Development officer of Agrarian Services Center
Extension officer of Department of Agriculture
Programme officer of Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwaraeliya Districts in the Central Highlands (GCP/SRL/063/GFF) (GEF Project ID: 5677)

Extension officer of Department of Export Agriculture : Provide technical knowledge and training on vanilla growing

Development Officer of Agrarian Services Center: Coordination and facilitation of training programs

Extension Officer of Department of Agriculture: Training on SLM, farm plan preparation and demonstration

FAO-GEF Programme Officer: Coordination, technical inputs on SLM and vanilla cultivation

  • sector privado

- Field Coordinator of the vanilla processing and exporting company

Train the farmers on quality vanilla production, assure the market linkage that keep farmers interest in SLM and vanilla cultivation at high level, sales contract with the farmers

  • gobierno nacional (planificadores, autoridades)

Extension officer of Department of Export Agriculture
Development Officer of Agrarian Services Center
Extension Officer of Department of Agriculture

Extension officer of Department of Export Agriculture : Provide technical knowledge and training on vanilla growing

Development Officer of Agrarian Services Center: Coordination and facilitation of training programs

Extension Officer of Department of Agriculture: Training on SLM, farm plan preparation and demonstration

  • organización internacional

Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwaraeliya Districts in the Central Highlands (GCP/SRL/063/GFF) (GEF Project ID: 5677) by Food and Agriculture Organization and Global Environmental Facility (GEF)

FAO-GEF Programme Officer: Coordination, technical inputs on SLM and vanilla cultivation

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque
Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación interactivo Land owners, Department of Export Agriculture, Agrarian Services Center and FAO - RDAL project staff
planificación interactivo Land owners, Department of Export Agriculture, Agrarian Services Center and FAO - RDAL project staff
implementación interactivo Land owners, Department of Export Agriculture, Agrarian Services Center and FAO - RDAL project staff
monitoreo y evaluación interactivo Land owners, Department of Export Agriculture, Agrarian Services Center and FAO - RDAL project staff
Marketing auto-movilización Land owners, Department of Export Agriculture, Agrarian Services Center and Vanilla exporters

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

Descripción:

Activity implementation steps and stakeholder involvement

Autor:

Bandara Rotawewa

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:
  • todos los actores relevantes, como parte de un enfoque participativo
Explique:

The project team noticed the existing vanilla growers potential and their success regarding the application of SLM techniques. Therefore, the project arranged an exposure visit for the land owners. The extension officers supported the activity well and the women farmers' motivation on Vanilla increased. The women farmers were organized into a producer group and linked with vanilla processing and exporting company.

Especifique las bases que sustentaron la toma de decisiones:
  • la evaluación de conocimiento MST bien documentado (la toma de decisiones se basa en evidencia)

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:
  • usuarios de tierras
  • personal de campo/ consejeros
Si fuese relevante, también especifique género, edad, estatus, etnicidad, etc.

The farmer group consist of 40 members: 95% are female and 5% male farmers. The age ranges from 18 - 55 years

Forma de capacitación:
  • de agricultor a agricultor
  • áreas de demostración
Temas avanzados:

Sustainable land management.
Vanilla cultivation

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:
  • en los campos de los usuarios de tierras

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?
  • sí, mucho
Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:
  • local
Describa la institución, roles y responsabilidades, miembros, etc.

Women producer group (Vanilla growers association)

Especifique el tipo de apoyo:
  • construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento
  • equipo
Proporcione detalles adicionales:

On-site training on SLM techniques were done at individual farm level.
Exchange and support of planting materials

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

No

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

No

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:
  • < 2,000
Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

GEF project: Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka (GEF Project ID: 5677)

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

Si respondió sí, especifique el tipo o los tipos de apoyo, condiciones y proveedor(es) :

Planting materials

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

  • ninguno
 
Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:
  • voluntario?

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

No

5.5 Otros incentivos o instrumentos

¿Se usaron otros incentivos o instrumentos para promover la implementación de Tecnologías MST?

No

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque empoderó a los usuarios locales de tierras, mejoró el involucramiento de las partes interesadas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Strong stakeholder participation between land users and Extension Officers is exists.

¿El Enfoque facilitó la toma de decisiones basada en evidencia?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Most important motivator was the exposure visits, where the families/women recognized the success of the SLM practices on vanilla production and therefore decided to adopt it.

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Single platforms and terrace platforms control erosion. Vanilla is well grown in soils of rich organic matter. Kitchen waste and fallen leaves added for compost making and use it on the vanilla cultivation.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la coordinación e implementación efectiva en costos de MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Easy terracing does not need construction of structures and skilled labor. Use of Gliricidia as supporting post is environmental friendly and freely available locally.

¿El Enfoque mejoró el conocimiento y capacidades de los usuarios para implementar MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

The approach is based on attitude change and motivation. Economical, social and aesthetic values are enhanced. Thereby, it create more and more interest with increasing returns.

¿El Enfoque mejoró el conocimiento y capacidades de otras partes interesadas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Extension officers visit each land plot and they prepare individual farm plans based on the characteristics of the land (home garden).

¿El Enfoque construyó/ fortaleció instituciones, colaboración entre partes interesadas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Improved linkage with extension officers and private sector

¿El Enfoque empoderó a grupos en desventaja social y económica?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Both, the vanilla and the SLM techniques does not require high investment. Therefore, even poor farmers can adopt the this approach and can get financial benefits.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la equidad de género y empoderó a las mujeres y niñas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

This approach targets women and it needs to promote capacity in learning SLM. As well, it is expected that the approach strengthen the economic and social position of local women.

¿El Enfoque alentó a jóvenes/ la siguiente generación de usuarios de tierras a involucrarse con MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

This approach change the attitudes of the people. SLM techniques and income generation is demonstrated in their living environment

¿El Enfoque mejoró el acceso a los mercados?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Vanilla is a market competitive product and women group has organized their own market links.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la capacidad de los usuarios de tierras a adaptarse a los cambios climáticos/ extemos y mitigar desastres relacionados al clima?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Use of organic manure and conservation techniques improves the soil physical and chemical properties. Improved soil properties support drought resistant capacity of Vanilla and other crops as well.

¿El Enfoque llevó a oportunidades de empleo, ingresos?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

The concept of the approach is to introduce SLM through income generation for female farmers

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

  • incremento de la renta(bilidad), proporción mejorada de costo-beneficio

The approach encourage 100 vanilla plants/vines per family. The average annual yield from one plant/vine is 1 kg after 3 years. Current market price is LKR 6,000 (35 USD) per kg of unprocessed green beans. Therefore, expected annual income of a family is LKR 600,000 (342 USD).

  • reducción de la degradación del suelo

Vanilla grows well in soils of rich organic matter. The land users are encouraged to use use organic manure. Planting on terraces prevents soil erosion and soil compaction in the surrounding of the homesteads.

  • prestigio, presión social/ cohesión social

Aesthetic view of home garden is improved

  • conciencia medioambiental

Aesthetic view of home garden is improved and farmer feel his/er good work.

  • conocimiento y capacidades mejorados de MST

Yes. They start to feel the necessity of SLM from the home garden and apply in his/er other lands. Talk with neighbors.

  • mejoramiento estético

Aesthetic view of home garden is improved and its earns cash for the family

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?
  • sí
Si respondió que sí, describa cómo:

Land owners get income after three years. Income is a motivation for the land owners to adopt and adapt SLM practices continuously.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
In Sri Lanka vanilla is mainly confined as home garden and grown in the back yards. Vanilla is a cash crop that can be grown successfully in mid and low country wet zone where the main growing areas are Kandy, Nuwara Eliya, Matale, and Kegalle districts. Vanilla grows as vines with support trees.
Vanilla has been identified as an ideal alternative crop for unproductive small holdings and home gardens. Low labor requirement and higher income are main advantages of vanilla cultivation and therefore women can use their free time for vanilla cultivation in their home gardens.
Marketing advantage : Vanilla needs only organic fertilizer. A vanilla vine can produce nearly a kilo of vanilla per year and average market price would be around Rs. 6,000/ Kg.(34 USD) which is annually LKR 60,000 (342 USD). This income for the family promote their interest to adopt SLM techniques.
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
SLM is easy to promote, as the land owner is benefited with high return. Therefore an economic model coupled with SLM is an option for easy implementation.
Women play a major role in attitudes change in the society. If they consider the SLM practices positively, it is expected to spread easily to other crop lands.

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
There is no major risk with this approach. Investment is minimal. The women allocate their free time for maintenance of the crop.
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
No risks for the moment.

7. Referencias y vínculos

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

  • visitas de campo, encuestas de campo
  • entrevistas con usuarios de tierras
  • entrevistas con especialistas/ expertos en MST
  • compilación de informes y otra documentación existente

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Opportunity Analysis of Agriculture Products in Sri Lanka. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://growthlab.cid.harvard.edu/files/growthlab/files/agri_sector_opportunities_feb_2018.pdf

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

Retrieved from https://srilanka.growthlab.cid.harvard.edu/files/sri-lanka/files/agri_sector_opportunities_feb_2018.pdf

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Jayawardane, & Weerasena. (n.d.). CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN SRI LANKA.

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/x6906e/x6906e0b.htm

7.3 Vínculos a la información relevante disponible en línea

Título/ descripción:

Govt. to rehabilitate degraded agricultural lands in central highlands under 5-year $ 11 m project

URL:

http://www.ft.lk/article/563548/Govt--to-rehabilitate-degraded-agricultural-lands-in-central-highlands-under-5-year---11-m-project

Título/ descripción:

Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands (CH)

URL:

https://www.thegef.org/project/rehabilitation-degraded-agricultural-lands-kandy-badulla-and-nuwara-eliya-districts-central

Título/ descripción:

Vanilla

URL:

http://www.exportagridept.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=139&Itemid=159&lang=en

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