Enfoques

Community-led participatory and self sustainable land restoration in India [India]

UW - RM Restoration

approaches_7117 - India

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Especialista MST:

DIYA BANERJEE

Nombre del proyecto que facilitó la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque (si fuera relevante)
Community led participatory and self sustaining degraded land restoration in West Bengal (UW - RM)
Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)
Uttarayan Wildlife (UW) - India

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

16/11/2021

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

Агролесная мелиорация для реабилитации деградированных орошаемых земель (ИСЦАУЗР)
technologies

Агролесная мелиорация для реабилитации деградированных орошаемых земель (ИСЦАУЗР) [Uzbekistán]

На участке пахотной земли, не используемой из-за сильного засоления и заболачивания, создается плантация из солеустойчивых древесных пород, преимущественно с азотофиксирующей и высокой биодренажной способностью

  • Compilador: Rustam Ibragimov

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

A community-led participatory approach is being implemented in West Bengal to revive and regenerate a broken and degraded landscape through sustainable land management. Local people take the lead in both action and the development of a long-term management plan.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Much too long and not written as text. I have summarised and edited the language. One omission was any mention of who “we” are. I have said Uttarayan Wildlife. Is this correct? Please check that and my other edits in the following which I have entered online.
A community-led participatory approach is being implemented in West Bengal to revive and regenerate a broken and degraded landscape through sustainable land management. The approach is facilitated by Uttarayan Wildlife, an NGO. Local people take the lead in both action and the development of a long-term management plan. The identified potential/objective is sustainable and integrated business-driven landscape restoration through community participation. It is hoped to enable local communities to become part of a new generation of business professionals that will take part in integrated landscape management and business-driven landscape restoration.
The direct and indirect stakeholders involved are:
1. Local farmers, and local communities;
2. Local schools and colleges; and
3. Local government authorities

A group of facilitators guide communities in the process of recovery of damaged ecosystems. We try to guide the improvement of land towards its full potential which in our case is a traditional natural forest called Sutan – Bankura – South Bengal. It’s an approach to address a systematic crisis.
The overall goal is to achieve land degradation neutrality (LDN). With landscape restoration, that's more than just the recovery of land because a landscape is also a community. People can revitalize an area, and an economy that restores and uses the landscape with sustainable business.
We work in natural and combined zones in a mosaic restoration pattern and follow basic steps through multi-stakeholder partnerships. The sequence is as follows:
Scout and Initiate:
1. Land condition and potential – analysis and recommendations
2. Biodiversity and native forest reference studies
3. Stakeholder identification and dialogue

Co-design and co-develop:
4. Define and design adaptive planning, work on cost–benefit analyses for transformative change with TEK AND LEK and scientific study strategies/drivers for integrated landscape restoration
5.Develop an ecosystem with all possible community participation in livelihood activities

Implementation:
6. Work on:
a. Soil and water depletion
b. Seeding and plantation through nature-based solutions
c. Unsustainable grazing practices
d. Maintenance
e. Monitoring and evaluation for early learning and to adapt a theory of change

Adapt and Sustain:
7. Link livelihood activities with ecological benefits so that the community starts keeping financial capital/business in mind – and create a business case
8. A period of 20 years is minimum to see all the ‘returns’ which can be added with carbon credit benefits to make it permanent.
9. Cultural, spiritual, and recreational services
10. Adaptation to climate change

Scaling up and replication is the ultimate objective – and we will hand-over to the local community using “exit policies”, allowing entrepreneurs/farmers to develop the right skills and knowledge to independently run successful restoration businesses. We hope to scale this model beyond state boundaries with similar issues and potentials. Throughout, we will practice a public – private - partnership (PPP) to strike the right collaborations and partnerships for an efficient Business Model Canvas in order to achieve successful sustainable ecosystem restoration with the community.
In the initial stage local stakeholders were very wary in terms of trust and faith since they were voluntarily pledging their land, time and resources. With time as the model was tested successfully there has been participation from all quarters.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

Galería de medios

Comentarios generales sobre las fotos:

Since most efforts are community participatory-led, this gives the local sense of ownership and sustenance making it long term sustainable.

2.4 Videos del Enfoque

Comentarios, descripción breve:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MASkUcKPcUU&t=89s&ab_channel=UttarayanWildlife
Our last two years of activities in a snapshot!

Fecha:

01/11/2023

Lugar:

Ranibund , Gorshika, Jhilimili, Dhatala, Kechonda, Ayodhya. Bankura and Purulia

Nombre del videógrafo:

Atin Chatterjee

Comentarios, descripción breve:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZri4LpAYOQ&ab_channel=UttarayanWildlife
This is a Before and After Plantation feedback from the local farmers!

Fecha:

13/12/2023

Lugar:

Gorshika - Purulia

Nombre del videógrafo:

Atin Chatterjee

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

India

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

West Bengal

Especifique más el lugar :

Bankura, Purulia

Previsualización del mapa

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

Indique año del inicio:

2021

Año de conclusión (si el Enfoque ya no se aplica):

2027

Comentarios:

Its a 5 year long approach to empower the locals to continue for the next 10-20 years.

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

  • proyecto/ basado en un programa

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

Sustainable and Integrated landscape management and business-driven landscape restoration of degraded ecosystems and landscapes with community participation - enable local communities to become part of a new generation of business professionals that will take part in integrated landscape management and business-driven landscape restoration in a long term sustainable way.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos
  • facilitan

The in-built social and religious belief of nature being good enables the project to penetrate easily among locals.

  • impiden

The traditional practice of paddy cultivation which presently is of very low yield and loss making but the older generation would not like to try the new agroforestry method or multi cropping system which will regenerate the soil increasing cultivation.

disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros
  • facilitan

Since its in a start-up mode with investment from Corporate Social Responsibility funds(this is a mandate from India government to all companies running business in India), it enables the project to penetrate smoothly.

entorno institucional
  • facilitan

The ground level institutional setting in villages have helped us to communicate, facilitate and implement since locals understand the long term benefit.

colaboración/ coordinación de actores
  • facilitan

The local farmers, landless labours, schools and colleges, local panchayats coordinate to procure degraded land, participate together to form committees and do long term maintenance of their planted lands.

marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua)
  • facilitan

We dont have any formal legal tenure since its a voluntary and participatory mode to procure land from land owners. This enables us to build trust with the locals.

políticas
  • facilitan

We together with locals adhere to basic country level and land level policies.

gobernanza de tierras (toma de decisiones, implementación y aplicación)
  • facilitan

Land governance is wholly in the hands of the land owners including all aspects of decision-making, implementation and enforcement. We just enable and empower.

conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico
  • facilitan

Most of the ecology knowledge is derived from our local farmers and their deep understanding of land, soil, water and plants. We also have a team of botanists and ecologists who have done extensive biodiversity study for reference. We have consultant scientists on soil, plants, water levels.

mercados (para comprar insumos, vender productos) y precios
  • facilitan

Target markets are the locals or district level or the nearest big town. Most of our livelihood empowerment would be locally used and sold locally too.

  • impiden

Transport cost would be the only hindrance with respect to sending local produce in far away markets.

carga de trabajo, disponibilidad de mano de obra
  • facilitan

Availability of man power is onus of the local committee which mostly makes the process smoother.

  • impiden

There are cultivation seasons, festivals which hinder the process now and then but its not a show stopper.

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

  • usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales

Local farmers
Land owners
Landless owners

Equal participation

  • especialistas MST/consejeros agrícolas

Soil experts
Water management experts
Botanists
Ecologists

Planning
Expert mitigation advise

  • investigadores

Environmentalists
Botanists
Foresters

Biodiversity study
Plant health study
New approach

  • profesores/ niños en edad escolar/ estudiantes

Teachers
School management
Students

Participate in nature awareness, walks, knowing biodiversity
Plantation drives

  • ONG

Uttarayan Wildlife

Main implementation

  • sector privado

Rainmatter Foundation
Pallishree Nursery

Funding
Expert consultation

  • gobierno local

Forest Department
Panchayat

Data support
Community Support

Si varias partes interesadas estuvieron involucradas, indique la agencia principal:

NGO - Uttarayan Wildlife

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque
Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación auto-movilización Local farmers and committees: Voluntary participation in pledging their degraded lands for the program to revive and restore. UW approached with the plan. Participate in initiating the program and motivating other farmers to join.
planificación interactivo Together with our SLM expert team, the locals interact and plan areas of plantation, use and share their traditional knowledge to mark areas of water, soil quality, cattle grazing and accordingly the plantation map is planned.
implementación interactivo To implement the plan the locals/stakeholders involved create local committees to organise labourers, local resources for a smooth implementation.
monitoreo y evaluación auto-movilización The local committees are responsible for taking care of plants - watering, checking on health and reporting, creating barriers against cattle grazings, fire etc. They implement their own mulching techniques and use organic fertiliser to safe guard plants. Due to local participation the mortality rate of plants have been less than 20% which is global standard.
apoyo externo We harness expertise of biologists, botanists to document the process and inspect time to time.

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

Descripción:

The above flow chart shows the approach/methodology and the various stakeholders involved at each stage

Autor:

Diya Sur

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:
  • principalmente usuarios de tierras con el apoyo de especialistas MST
Explique:

Its a joint partnership in deciding and planning the use of technology/methodlogy as per the condition of the land and weather.

Especifique las bases que sustentaron la toma de decisiones:
  • la evaluación de conocimiento MST bien documentado (la toma de decisiones se basa en evidencia)
  • hallazgos de investigaciones
  • la experiencia personal y opiniones (no documentadas)

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:
  • usuarios de tierras
  • personal de campo/ consejeros
Si fuese relevante, también especifique género, edad, estatus, etnicidad, etc.

Local farmers of different age, social status are trained including women. Gender split is 40:60(women and men consecutively)

Forma de capacitación:
  • en el contexto de trabajo
  • de agricultor a agricultor
  • áreas de demostración
  • reuniones públicas
Temas avanzados:

1. Program planning and use of technology/methodology
2. Soil testing
3. Biodiversity checking
4. Vermicompost creation
5. Standard operating procedure for plantation maintenance
6. Bee station maintenance

Comentarios:

Locals absorb very well and show enthusiasm and share their traditional experiences.

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:
  • en los campos de los usuarios de tierras
Describa/ comentarios:

Develop SOP as taught by ecology experts for plantation and maintenance of plantation areas and nursery.
Testing soil conditions by soil experts
Biodiversity surveys to check on environmental health of the surroundings with botanists and biologists
Expert foresters help in planning plantation as per land and water conditions

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?
  • sí, moderadamente
Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:
  • local
Describa la institución, roles y responsabilidades, miembros, etc.

Local farmers have set up voluntary committees to participate and implement and maintain degraded land restoration.

Especifique el tipo de apoyo:
  • financiero
  • construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento
Proporcione detalles adicionales:

Program has financial support from CSR funds - Rainmatter Foundation and local knowledge and expertise support from Pallishree including capacity building. We have external partners for support on biodiversity surveys, bee keeping.

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

We have SOP created and checklists for monitoring and management level evaluations. We do periodic inspections with our external experts to check on the health of the program.

Si respondió que sí, ¿la documentación se utilizará para monitoreo y evaluación?

Sí

Comentarios:

The SOP and checklists are used for the monitoring and evaluation.

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Especifique los temas:
  • ecología
Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

We did an extensive biodiversity and phenology research which was carried out by our partner organisation with their botanists, ecologists and foresters for one year. The research paper is being published in ecology forums and science journals.

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:
  • 10,000-100,000
Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Rainmatter Foundation - Corporate social Responsibility (its a Government of India social mandate to all profit making companies in India to contribute 2% of their net profit to socially responsible programs run by NGO's.
Rainmatter Foundation is a Zerodha(brokerage firm) outfit of CSR.

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

Si respondió sí, especifique el tipo o los tipos de apoyo, condiciones y proveedor(es) :

They received plants, land preparation, fertiliser, materials to start their livelihood like vermicompost from the program funding.

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

  • ninguno
 
Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:
  • pagado en efectivo?
Comentarios:

Rates were as per Indian labour laws.

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

No

5.5 Otros incentivos o instrumentos

¿Se usaron otros incentivos o instrumentos para promover la implementación de Tecnologías MST?

No

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque empoderó a los usuarios locales de tierras, mejoró el involucramiento de las partes interesadas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Since its a community driven participatory program, we engage our land and ecologist experts in a dialogue with the locals to identify specify local problems with land degradation and find the most sustainable solution and long term benefits and with our start-up help locals are empowered to implement the solutions in their land in a sustainable way. Such collaborative engagement leads to improved stakeholder participation.

¿El Enfoque facilitó la toma de decisiones basada en evidencia?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Local traditional evidence based knowledge pertaining to the specific land coupled with our biodiversity survey of nearby reference native forests by our ecology experts makes it easier to make informed decision of land management based on evidence.

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

As planned and designed by scientific experts and locals specially on forest land management, agroforestry as an approach for degraded land restoration, it was helpful to implement and maintain the SLM technologies since the approach is jointly agreed upon.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la coordinación e implementación efectiva en costos de MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Since its a joint management with locals and program experts, coordination is institutionalized and seemless. Due to close coordination, land procurement happens in bigger portions making it cost effective to implement the SLM technologies and manage in long run.

¿El Enfoque mejoró el conocimiento y capacidades de los usuarios para implementar MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Most of the SLM technologies are indigenous

¿El Enfoque mejoró el conocimiento y capacidades de otras partes interesadas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

The local stakeholders have a fair amount of traditional knowledge of land management, reasons for soil degradation or even climatic changes. Our experts with their scientific knowledge enhanced local knowledge and traditional beliefs with evidence based theories. Our team experts and local stakeholders learn from each other and we have regular learning sessions enhancing the program on field. https://youtu.be/YJxOtm6qh-c?si=IR4M4LzOxINBVO7h

¿El Enfoque construyó/ fortaleció instituciones, colaboración entre partes interesadas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

The community led approach built strong local committees who collaborate to plan, design and implement the program together with industry experts from our program team

¿El Enfoque mitigó conflictos?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

In the initial days of the program, we have witnessed many conflicts arising out of jealousy between landowners whose land is being rewilded and landless people resulting in deliberate plant destruction. Later we changed the approach to include landowners and landless people to form committees and help each other to build and implement the approach reducing conflicts. One of our other goal is also to reduce man-elephant conflict by creating natural habitats for elephants to rest and eat fodder rather than raiding crops.

¿El Enfoque empoderó a grupos en desventaja social y económica?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

The approach is inclusive and doesnt distinguish with landowners or landless people who are largely socially and economically disadvantaged groups and we try to keep a diverse stakeholder base considering minorities, tribals etc.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la equidad de género y empoderó a las mujeres y niñas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Our nursery is mostly women driven and they get employment. We encourage girls from nearby schools to participate in plantation activities.

¿El Enfoque alentó a jóvenes/ la siguiente generación de usuarios de tierras a involucrarse con MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Our special mini program under the main Restoration one is to encourage, empower youth/next generation with climate and nature studies, involve them in restoration work in-field and create micro mini ecosystems in their schools for them to nurture. Our goal is to nurture a generation of nature champions who all will carry this movement forward. https://youtu.be/bX4xK6-fnDs?si=ZkwJdV4LmZgq_MUP

¿El Enfoque resultó en mejor seguridad alimentaria/ mejoró la nutrición?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

We address SDG 1 and 2 by creating fruit forest as a food bank/security during times of severe draught which are common in arid regions.

¿El Enfoque llevó a un uso más sostenible/ fuentes de energía?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

We use solar energy for all our energy needs specially in nursery.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la capacidad de los usuarios de tierras a adaptarse a los cambios climáticos/ extemos y mitigar desastres relacionados al clima?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

One of the bigger goal of this program is to work closely with climate refugees( the local farmers) who are facing harsh climatic conditions, less cultivation/yield, economic slowdown leading to them turning into migration laborers to mitigate climatic disasters like draught due to land degradation. The program wholly addresses land degradation neutrality to enhance soil quality, water levels, increased chances of cultivation through agro-forestry thus mitigating climate related disasters.

¿El Enfoque llevó a oportunidades de empleo, ingresos?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

The program employs directly and indirectly more than 1200 locals in land preparation, nursery, plantation work boosting local economy.

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

  • producción incrementada

Addressing soil degradation, strategic plantation leads to regeneration of health of land and increased fruit and food production

  • incremento de la renta(bilidad), proporción mejorada de costo-beneficio

The fruit trees and other economically beneficial trees like bamboo etc increases profitability and cost-benefit ration in the long run

  • reducción de la degradación del suelo

Soil and water reclamation and plantation reduces land degradation

  • reducción del riesgo de desastres naturales

Soil and water reclamation and plantation reduces land degradation and reduced risk of climatic disasters

  • conciencia medioambiental

Locals are environment conscious in their own capacity so empowering them helps to strengthen their belief.

  • conocimiento y capacidades mejorados de MST

Together with their traditional knowledge and skills of land management, expert trainings and advise helps to enhance SLM knowledge and skills.

  • mejoramiento estético

Presently hectares of unused barren land makes the area look bare so the approach will rewild and make the area look greener with revived biodiversity.

  • mitigación de conflicto

Man-man conflict and man-elephant conflict mitigations are few of the outcomes of the approach.

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?
  • sí
Si respondió que sí, describa cómo:

With an increased cost-benefit ratio in the long term, creation of food bank and increased cultivation due to land degradation neutrality, the locals would be in a better position to carry forward the approach in a sustainable way without any external support. The approach acts as a start-up kit for a better greener future.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
https://youtu.be/hZri4LpAYOQ?si=twd2yJoek0U1n1B6
As told by the local stakeholders, in past 3 years of the approach/program, they have clearly witnessed land regeneration.
They are satisfied by the equal opportunity to plan and design and use their traditional knowledge and skills, reduced man-man conflicts since they work in committees and learning new approaches.
They are very happy about increased potential of cultivation and local income.
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
The approach being community-led, creates a sense of joint land management reducing internal conflicts and working towards a better future.
By achieving land degradation neutrality, regeneration boosts local economy impacting as a watershed, better children's education, more strong local policies towards mitigating climatic extreme conditions.
What started as a program has now turned into a local community led movement to uplift land degradation and reduce climate disaster and regenerate biodiversity.

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Natural disasters like widespread fire destroying plantations Create trenches and fire lines to stop spreading
Severe climatic condition like drought which makes it impossible to nurture the plants Create water trenches and regenerate local water sources
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Natural disasters like widespread fire destroying plantations Create trenches and fire lines to stop spreading
Severe climatic condition like drought which makes it impossible to nurture the plants Create water trenches and regenerate local water sources

7. Referencias y vínculos

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

  • visitas de campo, encuestas de campo

10-12

  • entrevistas con usuarios de tierras

5-6

  • entrevistas con especialistas/ expertos en MST

3-4

  • compilación de informes y otra documentación existente

2

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

NA( will be published soon)

7.3 Vínculos a la información relevante disponible en línea

Título/ descripción:

Program/NGO website

URL:

www.uttarayanwildlife.org

Título/ descripción:

NGO channel

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7q6Ii0lVAUvfDYlsKDMGuQ

Título/ descripción:

News articles

URL:

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/elephant-corridors-to-be-restored-in-south-bengal/article38316050.ece

Título/ descripción:

News articles

URL:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/5-year-habitat-restoration-plan-for-south-bengal-jumbo-corridors/articleshow/92447156.cms?utm_source=whatsapp&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=AmpArticleshowicon&fbclid=IwAR3PFI1eoB9eIPgTxftiO_AV7iBDeO2rc-pf-ByvQGlDMfoFauSSCeiS1FU

Título/ descripción:

News articles

URL:

ttps://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/elephant-corridors-to-be-restored-in-south-bengal/article38316050.ece?homepage=true

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