Enfoques

Community based reforestation initiative to restore degraded forest and rangeland. [Afganistán]

د ټولنې پر مټ د بيا رغنيز نوښت له لارې د تخريب شوي ځنګل او څړځای رغول

approaches_7470 - Afganistán

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Especialista MST:
Especialista MST:
Usuario de la tierra:

Haleem Bakhtawer Khan

0765983451

bakhtawerkhan.halim@gmail.com / bakhtawerkhan.halim@gmail.com

Sapari Forest and Rangeland Management Associatio (FMA/RMA )

Sapari, Sabari, Khost, Afghanistan

Afganistán

Nombre del proyecto que facilitó la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque (si fuera relevante)
Community-based sustainable land and forest management in Afghanistan
Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)
FAO Afghanistan (FAO Afghanistan) - Afganistán

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

15/12/2024

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

Community-driven reforestation initiative that involves awareness-raising, capacity building, feasibility analysis, and collaboration among various stakeholders to address land degradation and promote sustainable forest and rangeland management

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

The main aim of this approach is to contribute to ecosystem restoration, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration through community awareness raising, consultation and capacity building, feasibility analysis, site selection as well as resources mobilization for reforestation initiatives in Khost-Afghanistan.
This community driven initiative emerged, bringing together land users, forest and rangeland associations, environmental experts, specialists and policymakers from various departments like Provincial Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, National Environment Projection Agency, District Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock to heal the land, restore the forests, and rebuild the connection between people and nature.
The first step was understanding the root causes of degradation. With careful assessment, they identified areas most in need of intervention: land stripped bare by erosion, forests reduced to scattered tree stumps, and soil depleted of nutrients. The community listened to the wisdom of elders who recalled the days when the valley was green and full of life. They combined this knowledge with modern ecological practices to craft a restoration plan that balanced tradition and innovation.
The approach ensures awareness raising of the rural community, and knowledge and information enhancement on restoration of degraded forest and rangeland through reforestation initiatives in Khost-Afghanistan. Specific objectives of the approach are:
1. To enable the community to restore the degraded forest and rangeland through reforestation initiatives in Khost-Afghanistan throuth awareness raising, consultation and capacity building of the community, feasibility analysis, as well as resources mobilization.
2. To ensure the knowledge and information of rural communities are raised to ensure approach Introduction, public awareness, community mobilization, consultation and assessment feasibility study to Enable the community to Restore the Degraded Forest and Rangeland through Reforestation initiatives in Khost-Afghanistan.
3.The stakeholder involved were, Provincial Agriculture Irrigation and Livestock (PAIL), provincial National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), District Agriculture Irrigation and Livestock department (DAIL), forest and rangeland management association (FM/RM association). The role of PAIL district extension department and (NEPA) were consulted for community mobilization, social engagement and for technical assistance, guidance and supervision.
4.To enhance the capacity of Forest and Rangeland management association (FM/RM Association) and local communities on adoption of restoration of degraded forest and rangeland through reforestation initiatives in Khost-Afghanistan.
5.To restore degraded forests and rangelands by enhancing the knowledge, skills, and resources for sustainable management. This includes empowering the FM/RM Association by enhancing its members understanding, skills, capacity, and participation in conservation and restoration efforts toward forest and rangeland management.
6.To restore habitat for strengthening biodiversity conservation.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

Comentarios generales sobre las fotos:

Public awareness and community mobilization – engaging local communities, tribal elders, and stakeholders in decision-making, social participation as well as capacity building – training communities on sustainable practices and policy enforcement.

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

Afganistán

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Khost

Especifique más el lugar :

Sapari forest, Sabari district, Khost Afghanistan

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

Indique año del inicio:

2023

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada en la que se inició el Enfoque:

hace menos de 10 años (recientemente)

Año de conclusión (si el Enfoque ya no se aplica):

2026

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

  • proyecto/ basado en un programa

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

To enhance the capacity of FM/RM Associations and local communities for the adoption of the technology on Restoration of Degraded Forest and Rangeland through Reforestation initiatives in Khost

-To restore habitat for strengthening biodiversity conservation.
-To promote the application and conversion of unproductive land to productive land.
-To empower local communities to replicate and scale up similar initiatives

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos
  • facilitan

Social gathering, social participation for sapling plantation, information sharing among community members.

disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros
  • facilitan

There is availability and access to financial resource and services, because all the financial support is directly transferred to community.

entorno institucional
  • facilitan

FM/RM Associations are established to improve forest and rangeland management.

colaboración/ coordinación de actores
  • facilitan

Other projects are collaborating with FM/RM Associations due to their status as a legal entity

marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua)
  • impiden

Land tenure or policies. The current legal framework for land tenure and land and water use rights exists, but without proper implementation.

conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico
  • facilitan

Community members have access to SLM knowledge through awareness raising, training and workshops offered

carga de trabajo, disponibilidad de mano de obra
  • facilitan

Workload of FM/RM Associations during plantation campaign, protection and general management.

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

  • usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales

Local community and farmers

Land users, local community members: Mobilizations, awareness, social participation as well as self-contribution.

  • organizaciones comunitarias

Forest and Rangeland Management Associations (FM/RM Associations)

FM/RM Associations: decision making, awareness, mobilization, capacity building and social structure for self and in kind contribution.

  • especialistas MST/consejeros agrícolas

FAO specialist

Technical assistance

  • sector privado

Construction company

Construction, mechanical work and installation of system in including facilitation

  • gobierno local

Provincial Agriculture and Livestock (PAIL), District Agriculture Irrigation and Livestock (DAIL), National Environment Protection Agency (NEPA)

Facilitation for the implementation of project

  • organización internacional

UNFAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)

Financially supporting and implementation of the project

Si varias partes interesadas estuvieron involucradas, indique la agencia principal:

UNFAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque
Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación auto-movilización FM/RM Association: mobilization, awareness raising and general management through social participation.
planificación interactivo FM/RM Association: jointly with community by developing of Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) plan.
implementación interactivo FM/RM Association: jointly with community provided labour, facilitation, coordination and consultation as well as supporting all the activities during implementation period as self and community in kind contribution.
monitoreo y evaluación interactivo FM/RM Association: members are key stakeholders of the participatory monitoring and evaluation process.

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

Descripción:

The Restoration of Degraded Forest and Rangeland Approach focuses on reviving degraded forest, rangeland and generally ecosystems through sustainable reforestation initiatives. This approach involves:
Identifying degraded areas and developing restoration initiatives, involving local communities in decision-making and capacity-building, planting native species, improving soil health, and adopting sustainable land management techniques, regularly assessing progress, addressing challenges, and ensuring long-term sustainability.
This integrated approach helps restore forest and rangeland, biodiversity, improve water retention, prevent soil erosion, and enhance local livelihoods.
Acronyms: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States (FAO), Provincial Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (PAIL), District Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (DAIL), Forest and Rangeland Management Association (FM/RM Association; FMA/RMA). Service providers (different construction and logistics’ companies and contractors).

Autor:

Mohammad Aslam Hasand

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:
  • todos los actores relevantes, como parte de un enfoque participativo
Explique:

It was a participatory feasibility study that involved joint decision making

Especifique las bases que sustentaron la toma de decisiones:
  • la evaluación de conocimiento MST bien documentado (la toma de decisiones se basa en evidencia)

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Especifique quién fue capacitado:
  • usuarios de tierras
  • personal de campo/ consejeros
Forma de capacitación:
  • en el contexto de trabajo
  • de agricultor a agricultor
  • reuniones públicas
Temas avanzados:

SLM/SFM practices, awareness, mobilization, quarantine, rotational grazing, biodiversity conservation, climate change, CBNRM plan, participatory moinotoring, operation of the system and general management of natural resources.

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:
  • en los campos de los usuarios de tierras
Describa/ comentarios:

Operating the irrigation system, sapling transplantation, quarantine, rotational grazing and general management.

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?
  • sí, moderadamente
Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:
  • local
Describa la institución, roles y responsabilidades, miembros, etc.

FM/RM Association

Especifique el tipo de apoyo:
  • financiero
  • construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento
  • equipo
Proporcione detalles adicionales:

Signed LoA for implementation and cost contribution, on site awareness raising, social mobilization, holding gathering and workshops and provided construction materials and tools for nursery establishment.

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Comentarios:

FM/RM Association has the responsibility to perform monitoring of all activities in Sapari forest of Sabari district of Khost province.

Si respondió que sí, ¿la documentación se utilizará para monitoreo y evaluación?

Comentarios:

Community-based plan, so monitoring is a part of this documentation

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

No

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:
  • 10,000-100,000
Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

FAO financial support and community in kind contribution (in kind contribution covers providing physical locations/ space or facilities across different regions to support the project, coordination, consultation and general facilitation for implementation of the project). Based on this we can say 80 percent of the financial support is given by FAO and 20 percent by community, which includes plantation, patrolling, quarantine and other community relevant activities.

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Si respondió sí, especifique el tipo o los tipos de apoyo, condiciones y proveedor(es) :

Input livelihood package including solar cooker, chopper machine, dairy toolkit, walnut cracker, construction material for reservoirs (cement, sand, stone, pipes), technical support, material for nursery establishment (this year established, but in two years will produce own saplings) and saplings (from market). In the order of 8250 persons had participated in training workshops and other capacity building programmes.

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

  • ninguno
 
Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:
  • voluntario?

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

No

5.5 Otros incentivos o instrumentos

¿Se usaron otros incentivos o instrumentos para promover la implementación de Tecnologías MST?

Si fuera el caso, especifique :

On job trainings, field day tour, social gathering as well as site visits by communities.

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque empoderó a los usuarios locales de tierras, mejoró el involucramiento de las partes interesadas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Capacity building, empowering of Forest and rangeland management associations (FM/RM Associations)

¿El Enfoque facilitó la toma de decisiones basada en evidencia?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Monitoring and participatory assessment skills were improved under the approach allowing to assess results and impacts and collecting evidence for decision-making

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Consultation meetings, workshops, training, on job practical work and capacity building for better implementation of the technology.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la coordinación e implementación efectiva en costos de MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

FM/RM Associations and local community contribution, particularly providing of labour during plantation campaigns, protection and maintenance.

¿El Enfoque movilizó/mejoró el acceso a recursos financieros para implementar MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Financial resources accessed according to the terms specified in the LoA.

¿El Enfoque mejoró el conocimiento y capacidades de los usuarios para implementar MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

FAO technical staff conducted various trainings, workshop as well as awareness raising session regarding improving of land users’ capacity for better implementation of the SLM.

¿El Enfoque mejoró el conocimiento y capacidades de otras partes interesadas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Local governmental institutions like provicial and district Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (PAIL/DAIL) departements,FM/RM Associations and local community knowledge has been improved on SLM/SFM.

¿El Enfoque construyó/ fortaleció instituciones, colaboración entre partes interesadas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Collaboration among FM/RM Associations, local community, governmental institutions and other stakeholders has been strengthened.

¿El Enfoque mitigó conflictos?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

FM/RM Associations and local community facilitated implementation of the project on communal land as well as mitigated all sort of conflicts regarding protection, quarantine, rotational grazing and other sections.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la equidad de género y empoderó a las mujeres y niñas?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Women have 50% portion in all projects, but particularly some livelihood programs have been specified for women and girls to improve gender equality.

¿El Enfoque alentó a jóvenes/ la siguiente generación de usuarios de tierras a involucrarse con MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Through awareness raising, workshop, training, farmer field schools, brochures and other visibility materials encouraged young people or next generation to engage in SLM.

Awareness raising sessions, trainings and workshops enhanced the knowledge of Forest and Rangeland Management Association (FMA/RMA) members and local community regarding sustainable of natural resource management.

¿El Enfoque mejoró la capacidad de los usuarios de tierras a adaptarse a los cambios climáticos/ extemos y mitigar desastres relacionados al clima?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Improved water harvesting, controlled land degradation, planted saplings, prevented flood splash and water erosion which improved land users’ resilience to climatic changes/extremes and disaster.

¿El Enfoque llevó a oportunidades de empleo, ingresos?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Short employment created for local community.

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

  • producción incrementada

Increased production of fodder from trees and grasses in between trees.

  • reducción de la degradación del suelo

Better soil cover decreases soil erosion by water and hence maintains fertility. Water harvesting allows for collecting the runoff to use for irrigation as well as ground water recharge.

  • reducción del riesgo de desastres naturales
  • carga de trabajo reducida

because of social participation

  • reglas y reglamentos (multas)/ aplicación

Enforcement of customary roles and regulations among the community, enhance tribal and traditional structures for facilitation and implementation of the technology.

  • conocimiento y capacidades mejorados de MST

The consciousness of local community has been enhanced regarding SLM

  • mitigación de conflicto

Through establishment of FM/RM Associations conflict mitigationhwas decreased and smoothed the way for better implementation.

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?
Si respondió que sí, describa cómo:

The land user can sustain, because their capacity was enhanced, they have local ownership, adaptive tribal management is there, thereby they can ensure that the benefits of these efforts continue for future generations.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Community well aware and their consciousness and knowledge enhanced through workshops and trainings regarding natural resources management.
Natural resources like (forest, rangeland, water, financial support, equipment, saplings, community…etc) are available for existence of facilities regarding implementation of the approach.
Community contribution increased, so after the external support it will assist in protection and sustainable management.
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
This approach revives ecosystems by reintroducing native plant and animal species, supporting increased biodiversity and creating habitats for wildlife.
This approach improves ecosystem resilience, supporting sustainable livelihoods, and promoting climate adaptation, restoration ensures long-term sustainability while addressing environmental, economic, and cultural needs.
The established FM/RM Associations became a legal address for forest, rangeland and general natural resources management, which will be responsible after the supporting of project for its sustainability and long term protection.

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
FM/RM Associations established, but still not formally recognized and hasn’t got well population to be used a legal address. It must be formally introduced to various organization through an official letter by Ministry of Agriculture Irrigation and Livestock of Afghanistan.
Some of the project should be implemented for women, but it is a sensitive issue, because of government ban on women work, hence it can be mentioned as a weakness. Government should allow women for the satisfaction of donor, because it is a gender-based projects, their inclusion is necessary.
This approach has been implemented in faraway forest with no formal guard, thereby its protection is also a weakness. Community should contribute on this regard and take the responsivity of the protection
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
This approach often requires significant initial investment in terms of funding, materials, labor, and technical expertise. This includes costs for site preparation, planting, irrigation, and ongoing maintenance, which can be limiting for many communities. Adequate budget and community contribution can overcome or reduce this weakness.
This approach can take many years, even decades, to show significant ecological improvements, which can lead to frustration, reduced enthusiasm, or a loss of community and donor support. Strong mobilization and raising of the ownership sense in the community can overcome this weakness.
If local communities are not adequately involved, they may not feel a sense of ownership or responsibility for the project, leading to poor long-term maintenance and protection of the restored areas. This should be a community-based project, ensuring that, after donor support ends, the community takes responsibility for its ongoing maintenance and sustainability.
Insecure land tenure and unclear property rights can lead to conflicts over land use and limit the ability of communities to manage and protect restored areas. Solving of conflict over property rights belongs to community and it must be facilitated by them.

7. Referencias y vínculos

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

  • visitas de campo, encuestas de campo

10

  • entrevistas con usuarios de tierras

40

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