Enfoques

Caragana Korshinskii Planting - a SWC vegetation technology [China]

Creación: 28/01/2009 00:00
Actualización: 09/07/2017 15:50
Compilador: Jinsheng FU
Editor: –
Revisor: David Streiff

approaches_2395 - China

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Especialista MST:

Jinsheng FU

Especialista MST:

Xie Mingshu

(8610) 62338043

Department of soil and water conservation, Beijing Forestry University

China

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University (Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University) - China

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

Caragana Korshinskii Planting a kind of SWC vegetative technology — technologies

Caragana Korshinskii Planting a kind of SWC vegetative … [China]

Caragana korshinskii, a kind of perennial shrub, is used to protect soil from water and wind erosion, rhizobium in its root can increase soil fertility.

Compilador: Jinsheng FU
28/12/2010 08:25

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

SWC decision makers, I.e. approach planners, lead local people to plant caragana korshinskii in the areas of serious water and/or wind erosion by means of combined inputs from government, locals and social loan etc.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: The most important factor that hinders agricultural development in the Loess Plateau is soil and water loss. Many measures have been taking to conserve soil and water resources. Here is one of them using caragana korshinskii as one kind of SWC vegetation approach.

Methods: With its long roots, caragana korshinskii can improve soil infiltration and extract water from deep soil layer. It can also protect soil from water and wind erosion because it is tightly fixed in the soil. It has rhizobium in its roots to improve soil fertility. Besides, its branch has economic value. To carry out this approach, planners lead local farmers to plant caragana korshinskii in the areas of the serious water and/or wind erosion. Before planting, dipping selected seeds in brine with 1% concentration, and then moving them in warm water for about 24 hours to make them easier germinating. Caragana korshinskii can be planted in holes. Autumn is the best season for seeding, but if there is much rain in Spring, it is also ok. In the first three years, young plants are very frail. They should be protected from sheep eating and cutting. After four years, the branches of caragana korshinskii above ground can be cut according to their utilization. The more you cut the better they grow.

Role of stakeholders: Besides government leaders, local land users are also the most important participants, they accomplish most of planting and maintaining work. The Research Institute is another key participant, they provide the SWC knowledge and technology.

Other important information: Caragana korshinskii has many other advantages besides ecological benefits. It has many economic values, such as supplying forage for sheep and fuel for local residents, supplying raw material for paper making, supplying green manure and improving soil quality. Finance is mainly from government, partially from loan and local input(labor).

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

Galería de medios

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

China

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Shanxi

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

Indique año del inicio:

1960

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

tradicional/ local

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Sheep forage, paper making, fuel, green manure etc.)

Controlling water and/or wind erosion, preventing sand and dust storm.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Water and/or wind erosion, inadequate fodder, poor local agricultural and economic development.

Caragana korshinskii is one of the most drought endurable shrubs. Once planted, caragana korshinskii grows very fast.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos

impiden

People there seldom care about the environment

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Education, propagandizing

disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros

impiden

There is not enough money

Treatment through the SLM Approach: National subsidy, loan, collecting money from public

marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua)

impiden

Lack of corresponding acts

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Enforcing legislation

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights hindered a little the approach implementation The state has ownership of the land resources, land users can only lease the land for a period of time, they worry about their land would be transferred to others.

conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico

impiden

inadequate

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Learn from SWC specialists, introduce into new acquainted person

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales

Working land users were work equally divided between men and women (including all the local land users and government politicians)

Existing groups of land users

gobierno nacional (planificadores, autoridades)

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	interactivo	public meetings
planificación	ninguno
implementación	interactivo	casual labour
monitoreo y evaluación	auto-movilización	measurements/observations;
Research	auto-movilización	measurements/observations;

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

por políticos/ líderes

Explique:

directive (top-down). Leaders are the key participants

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by politicians / leaders. consultative. From SWC specialist

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:

usuarios de tierras

SWC specialists, extensionists/trainers, planners, politicians/decision makers

Forma de capacitación:

de agricultor a agricultor
áreas de demostración
cursos

Temas avanzados:

seed, establishment and maintenance of Caragana korshinskii

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:

en los campos de los usuarios de tierras

Describa/ comentarios:

Visiting demonstration areas; Key elements: Quality of the demonstration, Ability of visitors, Ability of hierophants; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: projects own extension structure and agents, government's existing extension system 2) Advisory service was carried out through: projects own extension structure and agents, government's existing extension system; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users, technicians/SWC specialists; Activities: farm visits

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Activities of government influence the choice of land users greatly, usually by administration ways.

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?

sí, moderadamente

Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:

local

Especifique el tipo de apoyo:

financiero

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were None monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: planting density, frequency of caragana korshinikii branch cutting.

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Especifique los temas:

economía/ marketing
ecología

Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

comparing Caragana korshinskii with other kind of SWC vegetation species.

Research was carried out on station

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:

100,000-1,000,000

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national - money, technology, planning): 25.0%; national non-government (money): 45.0%; local community / land user(s) (material, money, labor): 30.0%

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

agrícola

Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron	En qué grado	Especifique los subsidios
semillas
fertilizantes	totalmente financiado
seedlings and biocides	parcialmente financiado	biocides are fully financed

Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:

pagado en efectivo?

Comentarios:

Labour was also rewarded with sheep breed

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

Sí

Especifique las condiciones (tasa de interés el apoyo, amortización, etc.):

Interest rate charged: 0.7%

Interest was lower than market rate.

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

They protect their cropland by applying vegetative measures such as planting caragana koshinskii around the land so that both increasing crop yield and additional income by feeding more sheep etc.

¿El Enfoque mejoró cuestiones de tenencia de tierra/ derechos de usuarios que obstaculizaron la implementación de la Tecnologías MST?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

The approach could very little on it. The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. By signing land use contract with land ownership.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

As one kind of vegetation method, it can be used with other approaches, such as check dam.

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Obtaining additional economic return (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Developing Stockbreeding and increasing crop yield.)
low input and easy to implementing (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Forbidding overgrazing and cutting.)

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Reducing wind and water erosion (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Scientific design and management.)
simple SWC and easy to carry out (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Enhancing training of how to scientifically planting caragana korshinskii.)
marked economic benefits that farmers would like to do (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Further developing the variable uses of caragana korshinskii.)
Preventing sand and dust storm in the leeward region. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Enlarging planting areas and combining with other SWC measures.)

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
no

7. Referencias y vínculos

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

visitas de campo, encuestas de campo

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Yang Wenbin, Ren Jianmin, Jia Cuiping. Studies of The Relationship Between Physiological Ecology of Drought-Resist in Caragana Korshinskii and Soil Water. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 1997,17(3): 239-244.