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Enfoques
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District Wheat Seed Association [Tayikistán]

Асотсиатсияи тухмипарвари гандум дар сатхи нохия

approaches_2440 - Tayikistán

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Especialista MST:
Especialista MST:
Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)
NCCR North-South (NCCR North-South) - Kirguistán

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

10/03/2010

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

The Seed Association was established with the aims of improving the living conditions, food security, land management and crop rotation systems in irrigated and rain fed areas. The Seed association in Muminabad is registered at a district level and coordinates the activities of the farmers and members.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: The aim of this approach is to provide a long term wheat seed bank to improve food security in the district of Muminabad, Tajikistan. Previously, there was a lack of readily available good quality seed that was appropriate to the soil, and climatic conditions of the area. The aim of the approach was to provide cost effective, appropriate wheat seeds to farmers with more than 5h.a. of land. The farmers receive training and onsite support during the cultivation period, and in return have to adopt a crop rotation system, and give back to the association 150% of the originally received seed stock. The association continues to cultivate, and test, high quality seeds on its own land for distribution, and for selling at the local market to generate revenue to cover its operational costs.

Methods: The Association's members have to stick to a set of pre-determined conditions in order to join, and so operations can be controlled. The members must implement changes in agricultural practices, to support the work of the association. In return the members receive high quality tested seed, training and a support network.

Stages of implementation: The initial set up of the wheat association was provided by INGO (Caritas Switzerland) who provided the initial funding and support, which was supplemented by the provision of a 150h.a of arable land by the government. The initial five members of the association were provided with training in organisational set up and business development, they employed the services of an agronomist to help acquire appropriate seeds and develop a seed bank on the arable land. The association registered as a legal entity, and the INGO provided co-funding for agricultural machinery and fuel, for the development of the seed bank. Once sufficient seed was accumulated to start distribution, farmers with just 5h.a. of irrigated land were invited to become members. The members had to provide land user documentation, accept to undertake crop rotation techniques, and follow the advice of the association’s agronomist in return for free seed.

Role of stakeholders: The role of the stakeholders is to follow all the rules of the association, which include the strict compliance with a set of pre-determined conditions laid out in a contract. There is a strong element of trust among the association and its members. Such an environment helps make the wheat growing in the district successful.

Other important information: The approach is highly reliant on effective communication between the association's specialists and it's members. The members communicate with specialists regarding technological issues, land management and other issues that are not clear in the process. In return, the association through the agronomist provides timely support, advice and materials (e.g. fertiliser, pesticides). If the members are very successful and produce high quality seed from the association’s batch, the association will buy all the seed the farmer cultivated, and use it to improve the seed stock of the district.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

Tayikistán

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Tajikistan, Khatlon

Especifique más el lugar :

Muminabad

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

Indique año del inicio:

2006

Año de conclusión (si el Enfoque ya no se aplica):

2010

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

  • proyecto/ basado en un programa

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Improvement in yields and quaility of the wheat crops.)

To establish an organisation that would be able to provide easily accessible, reasonably priced, high quality wheat seed to the local land users. To ensure that the organisation was sustainable through the testing of the seed, creating a local seed bank, and by providing practical training to farmers on wheat cultivation and harvesting. The long term goal was to continue to build the capacity of the seed bank so that the association could increase the number of beneficaries/members.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main issues that were addressed included a lack of availability of wheat seeds and the fact that those available were of poor quality so produced low yields. The final wheat harvest was of such a low standard that majority of the harvest ended up as cattle feed. Some of the wheat seeds purchased outside the district were not appropriate for the climatic soil conditions of this district. The land users also had a fundamental lack of knowledge about wheat production, which was compounded by labour migration of many of the skilled male population to Russia.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros
  • impiden

The farmers sometimes do not return seeds to the association as per their contract.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: A contract is signed between the Wheat Association and the land user. The association writes a letter to the farmer stating that if the farmer does not bring back the seeds, the association will write a letter to the district court.

entorno institucional
  • impiden

The staff of the Wheat Association lacked experience in organisational set up and operation.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: A series of business training sessions were provided for the staff, and an agronomist monitored the seed production.

marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua)
  • facilitan

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately helped the approach implementation: Land owners with 5h.a. of agricultural land have certificates of use. However, if the minimum area was reduced from 5h.a. it could present issues where no formal documentation is currently in place.

  • impiden

The wheat association has to ensure that the land user has a land user certificate, or a contract to rent the land.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: The relevant documentation is checked before seeds are issued.

conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico
  • impiden

The association was provided with 150 h.a to produce seed, however it needed materials, labour and equipment to cultivate wheat on this land.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Initial support was provided through funding provided by an INGO.

otros
  • impiden

The Wheat Association needed 150 h.a. to act as a seed bank.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: This land was provided by the local government. However, this could also be overcome by renting the land required.

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

  • usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales

Land users with more than 5h.a. were the main target group.

There are currently contracts in place with around 90 men and 9 women. This is due to the stipulation that the land user is required to have 5h.a of irrigated land before they will be provided with seed by the association.

A land user proposed the idea to the NGO, who developed the idea in collaboration with local agronomists.

Supported in establishing and publicising the operations of the association.

  • especialistas MST/consejeros agrícolas
  • ONG

International non-government

Financed the initial set up costs.

  • gobierno local

Supported by providing buildings, land and documentation.

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque
Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación pasivo Land users developed the orginal concept and ideas.
planificación apoyo externo Local agronomists and local government were involved in the planning stage.
implementación auto-movilización The members of the association are responsible for the implementation of the project.
monitoreo y evaluación auto-movilización The agronomist continues to check cultivated plots.
Research apoyo externo Research was undertaken on the suitability of different seed types for the agro-climatic zone.

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

Descripción:

Organisational Chart showing the establishment set up of the Wheat Association

Autor:

Sady Odinashoev (Muminabad, Tajikistan)

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:
  • principalmente usuarios de tierras con el apoyo de especialistas MST
Explique:

The land users are provided with the seed to improve the yield and quality of the crops, under the supervision of the agronomist from the association.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. The agronomist provides ongoing support to the land user during the cultivation period.

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Especifique quién fue capacitado:
  • usuarios de tierras
  • personal de campo/ consejeros
Forma de capacitación:
  • en el contexto de trabajo
  • de agricultor a agricultor
  • áreas de demostración
  • cursos
Temas avanzados:

Workshops were conducted on wheat cultivation, crop rotation techniques, and seed types to the land users.

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

No

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?
  • sí, mucho
Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:
  • local
Especifique el tipo de apoyo:
  • construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento
Proporcione detalles adicionales:

Local laboratory, government agricutural department.

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Comentarios:

area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Statistics on amount of seed produced.

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Number of members of the association.

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: Site visits to check on production

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: The land cultivated by the members is checked regularly.

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: INGO monotoring progress.

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by other through observations; indicators: None

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

There were many changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Changes in the cultivation methodologies are frequently made based upon the site visits, and the advice provided by the agronomist working for the association.

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Especifique los temas:
  • tecnología
Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

Research was conducted by the NGO on the most appropraite seed types for this agro-climatic zone.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:
  • 10,000-100,000
Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (Provided the land and building for the association.): 20.0%; international non-government (Fully financed): 80.0%

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Si respondió sí, especifique el tipo o los tipos de apoyo, condiciones y proveedor(es) :

The state provided 150h.a of land, and a building for running the operations and storage of seed stocks.

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

  • equipo
Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron En qué grado Especifique los subsidios
maquinaria totalmente financiado Tractors, fuel, ploughs,seed cleaning equipment.
  • agrícola
Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron En qué grado Especifique los subsidios
semillas totalmente financiado
fertilizantes totalmente financiado
pesticides totalmente financiado
Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:
  • voluntario?
Comentarios:

All the intial set up equipment and inputs were provided by external finance.

5.5 Otros incentivos o instrumentos

¿Se usaron otros incentivos o instrumentos para promover la implementación de Tecnologías MST?

Si fuera el caso, especifique :

Local laboratory, government agricutural department

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

The quality of the soil improved due the requirement of the association to introduce crop rotation methods to the areas used for wheat cultivation.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho
Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

The land users are sustaining a higher yield from their plot and subsequently experiencing higher returns in the local markets.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

The association sells higher quality seed to land users with smaller plots, ensuring quality and fair prices. It also means that many families have sufficient wheat to meet their own needs.

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

  • producción incrementada

To improve wheat production in the area.

  • incremento de la renta(bilidad), proporción mejorada de costo-beneficio

To improve yields and have a product to sell on the local markets.

  • afiliación al movimiento/ proyecto/ grupo/ redes

The network allows for the sharing of ideas and lessons learnt.

  • well-being and livelihoods improvement

Increase in productivity, leads to increased disposable incomes and food stocks.

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?
Si respondió que sí, describa cómo:

The assocaition is set up so that members have to return 150% of the seed that they use from the association. This seed is either sown, or sold on to continue to finance the assocaition's operational costs. The association also has the right to buy all the seed produced by one of its members if the cultivated seed is of exceptional quality.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Free advice and training were very useful. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To be in contact with Association)
Less expensive wheat production and their associated products in the district (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: More land users should work with the association.)
No need to go to other regions in search of wheat seed (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To be a member of the association)
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
It provides an opportunity to women who have arable land to learn about wheat production and crop rotation so that they can use their land more effectively. This is in direct response to the amount of male skilled labour migration. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: More women land users could be encouraged to use the association, maybe the membership conditions could be reduced so that more women would be eligible to join.)
Seed testing ensures the high quality of the seed. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Further training and support on seed testing.)
The approach involves active participation from the local government. Therefore there is an appreciation of the operations of the association. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The government could encourage participation of the state owned farms.)
It provides a quality seed bank for small farmers who do not meet the membership requirements for which they can purchase seed. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The membership requirements could be reviewed, possibly different levels of membership could be established.)
Improvement in the wheat seed stock in the region, and less dependence upon outside seed stocks that may not be the most appropriate for the soil and climatic conditions. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: It could be established in different districts.)
It forces farmers to adopt improved farming practices through crop rotation. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Farmers should be encourged to adopt crop rotation for other crops other than wheat.)

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
The association members needs personal competence in business operation and wheat production. A series of training sessions could be conducted before the establishement of the association, also cross visits to other associations to observe their operations.
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
There are extensive initial set up costs. Through donor money, or through loans possibly based upon the selling of percentages of the seed bank in subsequent years.

7. Referencias y vínculos

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

  • visitas de campo, encuestas de campo
  • entrevistas con usuarios de tierras

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