1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Kathmandu University (KU) - Nepal

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

17/01/2014

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

This SLM Approach deals with the making of Khuwa (dairy product base), using traditional as well as improved methods and further its supply and marketing.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: This approach's goal is to preserve traditional khuwa production methods, while also applying new and rather sustainable technologies on the current process. Further, the local khuwa production creates employment - at the factory itself, as well as during supply and distribution processes.

Methods: This focusses mainly on the methods applied during khuwa production:

1. Milk is collected from local farmers.

2. Milk is boiled for approximately 30mins on improved stoves, using locally collected firewood.

3. Boiled is continued until milk's volume has reduced to half.

4. After around 1 hour of simmering milk has turned into a thick paste, which is known as khuwa.

5. Paste needs to be cooled.

Stages of implementation: The Khuwa Utpadan factory was founded in 2050 B.S. by locals, whose ancestors had already been involved in Khuwa production.
Firstly necessary utensils and materials were purchased. Later improved cooking stoves were installed to reduce the smoke formation and amount of required fire wood.

Role of stakeholders: 1. Providing employment opportunities to local villagers .

2. Buying milk from locals, creating a source of income for them.

3. Maintaining a regular flow of Khuwa production to purchasers in surrounding cities, including Kathmandu.

4. Preserving traditional Khuwa production methods among the local community.

Other important information: On the one hand, khuwa production has helped to create employment opportunities and to make use of locally produced milk, on the other hand stakeholders have been facing problems in supplying khuwa by paying more money .

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

• tradicional/ local

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Improving efficiency of production, ways of supply and marketing strategies)

The main aim of the Approach is to establish and maintain a Khuwa production factory, where traditional as well as modern technologies are being applied. That way employment is created for locals, locally produced milk is utilized and the overall economic situation of the region is improved.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Firstly, consistent maintaining of production rates can be difficult, due to unreliable supply of firewood (shortages, weather etc.).
Secondly, for employees the constant influence of smoke can lead to several irritations, although the instalment of impoved stoves has already led to an improvement of the working conditions.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	interactivo	Mr. Shomnath Ghimire initiated this approach, including involvement of locals
planificación	interactivo	locals, using own knowledge in production methods
implementación	interactivo	locals, providing land and expertise
monitoreo y evaluación	interactivo	discussion among the villagers.
Research	ninguno

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

• solamente usuarios de tierras (autoiniciativa)

Explique:

The applied technology (khuwa making) was already well-known and practised among locals, but for a long time only on a private basis. The establishment of a factory has lead to the collective purchase of locally produced milk as well as the production and supply of khuwa.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Locals self-implemented the technologies under guidance of Mr. Shomnath Ghimire place, ward no. 2. Chyamrangbesi.

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:

• usuarios de tierras
• personal de campo/ consejeros

Si fuese relevante, también especifique género, edad, estatus, etnicidad, etc.

n/a

Forma de capacitación:

• en el contexto de trabajo
• de agricultor a agricultor
• áreas de demostración
• reuniones públicas
• cursos

Temas avanzados:

Knowledge and expertise in the different processes of khuwa making

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Describa/ comentarios:

Name of method used for advisory service: n/a

n/a

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?

• no

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: observation of application of khuwa making methods

economic / production aspects were monitored by project staff, land users through observations

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: installation of improved cooking stoves to increase sustainability value of project

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Especifique los temas:

• sociología
• economía/ marketing
• tecnología

Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

Research was done by the students of Kathmandu University.

Research was carried out on station

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:

• 10,000-100,000

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (n/a): 15.0%; government (n/a): 85.0%; international non-government (n/a); national non-government (n/a); private sector (minor involvement); local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (n/a); local community / land user(s) (mainly from land users); other (n/a)

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

• equipo

• agrícola

• construcción

• infraestructura

• otro

Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:

• pagado en efectivo?

Comentarios:

Rs 5000-6000 per month

Tools, Wood, others(milk) were fully financed by land users.

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

Sí

Especifique las condiciones (tasa de interés el apoyo, amortización, etc.):

Interest rate charged: 14.0%; repayment conditions: has to be paid off within 5 years..

Interest was equal to market rate.

Especifique los destinatarios del crédito :

Mr. Shomnath Ghimire

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

• incierto

Si respondió no o incierto, especifique y comente:

As long as khuwa is being sold in sufficiently high amounts, expenses needed for milk, firewood, wages etc can be covered.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Ashes after burning firewood can be used as organic material for soil
Reduced pollution (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Enhancing by wing modern machine which operates by electricity , and there would be no pollution.)
Increased economic condition

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Utilzation of milk
Unity among Villagers.
Improved economic condition (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: by sharing and passing on of existing knowledge)

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Scarcity of wood	New technologies should be implemented, which require less firewood
Difficult to ensure regular supply of milk	Domestication of Buffalo and cows.

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Production of smoke by the use of wet wood.	Overcome by using dry wood
Damage of Khuwa in summer season in few days.	By storing khuwa refrigerator.

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información