Enfoques

ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT [Nepal]

Creación: 16/01/2014 00:00
Actualización: 09/07/2017 12:48
Compilador: Sabita Aryal
Editor: –
Revisor: Fabian Ottiger

SADAK NIRMAN TATHA BEBASTHAPAN

approaches_2522 - Nepal

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Especialista MST:

Sabita Aryal

Especialista MST:

Sintah Ganga Raj

VDC, chamrangbesi

Nepal

Especialista MST:

Shrestha Deepika

Jwagal.Kupondol

Nepal

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Kathmandu University (KU) - Nepal

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Sarada Batase Village Development Committee (Sarada Batase VDC) - Nepal

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

02/11/2012

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

It is a particular land conservation project to construct and manage road for the sustainable use of land.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: The main Objective if road construction is:
Mainly for the transportation so that it will make local people easy to travel.
Local people will be economically benefited.
For the development of the village.
To improve the living standard of local people.
.

Methods: Local people first decided the direction from where the road passes through. Then they collected funds and used dozer to dig and local people broke the stone. There was a voluntary participation of local people on road construction and gave huge contribution in road construction process.

Stages of implementation: First of all they were given knowledge about both the importance as well as consequences that they would be facing during the process of road construction.Keeping the consequences aside they decided to give some contribution in road construction to improve their life-style , they started gathering money and they voluntarily worked like passing stone ,breaking them and used dozer for main purpose. Funds for road construction was also provided by VDC

Role of stakeholders: 40% of the investment were done by the local people rest by the government.

Other important information: EIA was not done for construction of road.
Lack of engineer involvement for road construction.
Unmanaged road.
Lack of technology.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

Galería de medios

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

Nepal

Especifique más el lugar :

kavre

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

Indique año del inicio:

2009

Año de conclusión (si el Enfoque ya no se aplica):

2009

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

iniciativa local reciente/ innovadora

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Transportation)

The main objective was to know about the road construction, how it was made, what were the budget, problems and treatment.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main problem in road construction was dust particle while the construction was carrying on due to which there was a health problem.
Lack of technical knowledge.
Some conflict among the villagers about their land use during road construction.
Some natural calamities like soil erosion.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros

impiden

Financial problem as villagers had no large amount of money to invest

Treatment through the SLM Approach: They together collected money and some financial help from VDC's were given so that they can invest it during the road construction.

marco de trabajo legal (tenencia de tierra, derechos de uso de tierra y agua)

facilitan

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly helped the approach implementation: The road in the village has passed through different land owners so it has helped greatly.

impiden

Conflicts among villagers for land use during road construction.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Solve it through several meetings.

conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico

impiden

Due to less economical interest less technology were hired.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Dozer, elevators and loaders were hired for the construction.

carga de trabajo, disponibilidad de mano de obra

impiden

people workload was increased due to less technology use.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: All the villagers worked together.

otros

impiden

health problem due to dust particles.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: people used mask and glasses to avoid dust.

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales

Invested money and helped in construction. Collected money and worked together. Not much differences as they both contributed in road construction. Women were less in number as compared to men as they had to work in their houses. Some of them were busy with house works. People whose land were used for construction were not paid well. They had a great problem dealing with it because the land which was used in road construction was only the source for them to earn money.

gobierno local

Supported in the aid.

gobierno nacional (planificadores, autoridades)

Supported in the aid.

government and VDC

Funded for road construction.

Si varias partes interesadas estuvieron involucradas, indique la agencia principal:

All the villagers were involved in road construction and gave huge contribution in constructing the raod

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	interactivo	funding was done by both government and local people .
planificación	interactivo	construction planning was done by villagers.
implementación	auto-movilización	Local people initiated and implemented the work
monitoreo y evaluación	ninguno
Research	ninguno

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

Descripción:

It is a sequential chart showing different participants that played an important role in the road construction.

Autor:

Deepika Shrestha (Jwagal,Kupondol)

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

solamente usuarios de tierras (autoiniciativa)

Explique:

In order to develop their village,for transportation purpose so that they could travel from one place to another easily, for business purpose they made decision on the choice of SLM Technology

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Local People asked for the financial help with government.Government provided some help but that was not enough so villagers among themselves collected money for the construction of the road

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Describa/ comentarios:

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Lack of interest.

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?

sí, moderadamente

Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:

local

Especifique el tipo de apoyo:

equipo

Proporcione detalles adicionales:

some advices were given before construction.

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through observations; indicators: financial support for road construction.

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored through measurements; indicators

road construction aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through observations; indicators

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The width of road, slope angle and curve distance.

There were several changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Road width, slope angle and curve width.

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Especifique los temas:

economía/ marketing
ecología
tecnología

Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

local peoples and VDC.

Research was carried out on-farm

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:

100,000-1,000,000

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (funded for road construction.): 50.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Supported in the aid.): 10.0%; local community / land user(s) (collected money.): 40.0%

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

equipo

Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron	En qué grado	Especifique los subsidios
maquinaria	totalmente financiado
herramientas	totalmente financiado

infraestructura

Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron	En qué grado	Especifique los subsidios
caminos	parcialmente financiado

Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:

voluntario?

Comentarios:

Villagers voluntary worked for road construction for development for their village.

Machinery and tools were fully financed but due to lack of technicians, machine were not used properly.

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

Because while road construction all the trees were cut down due to which habitat of birds and animals were destroyed and natural calamities like soil erosion occurred and water pollution,noise pollution ,air pollution etc were also the problem faced during road construction.

¿El Enfoque empoderó a grupos en desventaja social y económica?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

They have established shops, hotels and different vegetables can be sent to urban areas like kathmandu easily.

¿El Enfoque mejoró cuestiones de tenencia de tierra/ derechos de usuarios que obstaculizaron la implementación de la Tecnologías MST?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. While extending the road,more land is required due to which dispute between the land owner may rise.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

With road construction , transportation facility has become easy, also progress in business and living standard.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?

No
Sí, un poco
Sí, moderadamente
Sí, mucho

Their have improved economic status and also living standard by growing crops in their land and transporting it to urban areas like Kathmandu ,by establishing shops hotels etc.

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

producción incrementada

transportation facilities

incremento de la renta(bilidad), proporción mejorada de costo-beneficio

growing and selling the products

carga de trabajo reducida

transportation facilities due to which their workload dereased.

afiliación al movimiento/ proyecto/ grupo/ redes

some project may come and work for their village.

conciencia medioambiental

pollution like air pollution,water pollution were reduced,sound health,healthy and fresh environment

well-being and livelihoods improvement

road construction helps to improve their living and economical standard.

for business purpose

they grow vegetables and send to city.

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

Si respondió no o incierto, especifique y comente:

Lack of financial support for road construction,technicians,machines ,tools etc

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
They can sell their products and earn money. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: planting trees on the side of the road which will make soil hard and prevent from landslides, soil erosion which damages the road.)

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
sick person can be taken to hospital easily. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Wall line structure can be made so it prevent from landslides and soil erosion.)
Transportation facility will be available. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Road must be maintained from time to time.)
Import and Export of different local product. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Production of local product should be increased.)
People can travel to village easily. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: road should be pitched and should be extended. )

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Dust particle may cause harm.	Road must be pitched.
If road is extended then land user must sacrifice some portion of their land.	Land users should be paid well for their land.

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Road is gravelled and dusty.	Road must be pitched .
Road is dangerous and rough so maximum chance of accident.	Stone block must be constructed to prevent accident.