1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Nombre del proyecto que facilitó la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque (si fuera relevante)

Integrated Biodiversity Management, South Caucasus (IBiS)

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

31/10/2018

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

The unsustainable use of pastures and forest areas leads to erosion, degradation, desertification and loss of biodiversity in high mountain areas of the South Caucasus. In the village Ehen in the Ismayilli district in Azerbaijan, a community-based approach for erosion control was developed in a participative way. Together with village stakeholders, different measures were developed to stop erosive processes, flooding and to rehabilitate vegetation cover.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan togehter witht the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) selected integrated erosion control as a priority in their cooperation and the district Ismayilli was choosen for the implementation of pilot activities.
The district Ismayilli covers an area of about 2.158 km². Approximately 31% of the territory is covered with forest. Pasture lands on slopes are particularly exposed to vegetation degradation due to overgrazing. The loss of a closed vegetation cover on mountain slopes can lead to severe soil erosion due to surface water runoff. The project team together with the district administration decided to set the focus on the village Ehen near Lahic.

The approach chosen for integrated erosion control in Ehen was a community-based approach. Together with stakeholders, the most severe erosion sites were identified, and a list of priorities was developed. In cooperation with international experts, different technologies and practices were developed to stop erosion processes. Several preconditions for the development of a number of practices were set: The technologies should be cost-effective and affordable for the villagers, and the villagers should be able to use them without the use of external technicians. In order to achieve this, particular emphasis was placed on the application of bio-engineering measures. Measures were applied on degraded pasture lands and erosion gullies in the pilot community at the south slope of the Great Caucasus.

As a first step, the implementation sites were determined through joint field visits by village representatives and experts ('Screening mission'). In the first face the GIZ-team and the SLM-experts have been introduced to the village community. In this phase, the national GIZ project coordinator had the major role to create a basis of respect and trust to enable a positive athomisphere for an open minded discussion. The driving factors of deforestation and overgrazing were discussed in the field, and the potential intervention sites were marked with colour spray and wooden poles in the field. The marking in the field instead of only working with printed maps was very important for the recognition, discussion and acceptance of the sites by all villagers. There was a gap of several weeks between marking and implementation, which provided enough time for internal discussion about the site selection and the adaptation of boundaries.

Nine degraded pastures and forest land sites were selected by the village stakeholders togehter witht the SLM specialists. Four sites are located above the village with the risk of increasing rockfall and flooding by surface water runoff. Five sites are located below the village and were selected to ensure the productivity of the land. For providing tree seedlings, a local tree nursery was established near the school (10th site). One site was selected to combine effects by establishing a hazelnut plantation to stop erosion, increase vegetation cover and provide an income generation opportunity.
Two sites with gully erosion were selected: a site above the village with the risk of flooding into the village and a site below the village along the road with a high risk of road damage if the deepening process continues (detailed instructions on measures can be found at the internet links attached).
Regular meetings took place between the traditional administrative community board, the GIZ-project team and the SLM experts to discuss the implementation process and to evaluate together the results. The availability of local resources was taken into consideration to adapt technologies to fit the local needs. New ideas, localy available materials and technologies have beein integrated into the implementation process by the local stakeholders.
The implementation of the measures was done mainly by the local village people and local experts. The SLM experts provided 'hands-on-training' and all materials that were not available in the village as well external experts were financed by the project.

Another essential aspect is the sustainable use of well-managed meadows by different stakeholders (beekeepers, wild herb collectors, orchard owners and others) in the community. This includes the agreement (rule) of the community to share the protected pastures and to consider the needs of all interest groups. The decission of the profit sharing is taken by the taditional administrative community board. A further factor was the establishment of a tree nursery, which led to an increased motivation to plant additional trees (especially fruit trees) in the community.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

2.4 Videos del Enfoque

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

• proyecto/ basado en un programa

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

Develop erosion control measures that can be implemented by village population without significant investment. The measures are addressed to rehabilitate vegetation on eroded sites and to slow down water speed and erosive energy where gullies already exist. This should help protect roads and other infrastructure as well as stop soil loss and increase overall productivity.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	ninguno	The selection of Ismayilli district was done at Ministry level. The selection of the villages was done with district administration and experts assessment of erosion problems.
planificación	interactivo	The site selection was done with local village stakeholders. The technical planning was done by external experts. Four additional municipalities were assessed for hazelnut plantations where local land users provided data.
implementación	interactivo	Local stakeholders trained on bioengineering measures. The following measures were applied during hands-on training: 1. Wooden check-dam. 2. Gabion check-dam. 3. Willow-fascines. 4. Electric-Fencing. 5.Pile walls. 6.Drip irrigation system.
monitoreo y evaluación	interactivo	An external monitoring team (project team) did the monitoring in a participative way. The observations and monitoring results were discussed with the village stakeholders.

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

• principalmente por especialistas MST en consulta con usuarios de tierras

Explique:

The integrated erosion control measures were developed by SLM specialists, while site selection and prioritization were done in conjunction with village community representatives.

Especifique las bases que sustentaron la toma de decisiones:

• hallazgos de investigaciones
• la experiencia personal y opiniones (no documentadas)

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:

• usuarios de tierras
• personal de campo/ consejeros

Si fuese relevante, también especifique género, edad, estatus, etnicidad, etc.

Only men have been involved in the training of the application of the erosion control measures.

Forma de capacitación:

• en el contexto de trabajo
• áreas de demostración

Temas avanzados:

Construction of willow fascines, pill walls, wooden check dams, gabion check dams, tree planting, fence construction (electric fence, mesh wire fence), construction and maintenance of drip irrigation system.

Comentarios:

In addition to the on-the-job training, an Austrian study tour was provided for Georgian participants. The focus of the joint study tour was to enable a direct experience of current practices in the Alps giving the participants an impression how the issue of land management and erosion control is handled in mountainous areas of Austria.

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:

• en los campos de los usuarios de tierras

Describa/ comentarios:

The field trip provided advice and training on afforestation and tree species selection.

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?

• sí, moderadamente

Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:

• local
• regional
• nacional

Describa la institución, roles y responsabilidades, miembros, etc.

The implementation capacity of line ministries, their subordinate bodies and of training institutions regarding the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services is improved. The regional exchange on sustainable management of biodiversity and ecosystem services is improved.

Especifique el tipo de apoyo:

• construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento

Proporcione detalles adicionales:

Capacities in project planning, implementation and monitoring have been developed. Awareness raising on erosion-caused land degradation and effective, cost-efficient erosion control measures have been applied.

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

In 2018, monitoring was carried out on the implemented measures in order to assess if additional interventions would be required or if measures had been damaged. Permanent monitoring plots have been established to assess the rehabilitation of vegetation.

Si respondió que sí, ¿la documentación se utilizará para monitoreo y evaluación?

Sí

Comentarios:

Monitoring reports have been provided by field experts (Azeri) and international experts (English) and are available from GIZ IBiS office.

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

No

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Indique el presupuesto anual para el componente del MST del Enfoque (en US$):

100,00

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:

• 10,000-100,000

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

In the framework of the GIZ-program “Integrated Biodiversity Management, South Caucasus” (2015-2019), implemented on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).
the amount covers: fencing, electric fensing, hay, pile walls, afforestation, wooden check dams, gabion check dams, other materials and labour on the sites of Ehen.

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

Si respondió sí, especifique el tipo o los tipos de apoyo, condiciones y proveedor(es) :

Land users were provided materials for erosion control measures and tree nursery. The timber for the pile walls, the mesh wire fence and the electric fencing material as well as well as tanks for rain water collection (for the tree nursery) and irrigation equipment was provided. The local stakeholders provided man power for the mainance of fences and irrigation system and maintaining the tree nursery for free. Workpower for setting up infrastructures like gabions or chech damms was paid.

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

• mano de obra

• agrícola

• construcción

Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:

• recompensado con otro tipo de apoyo material?

Comentarios:

Fruit trees and walnut trees have been contributed by the project for the afforestation on site 1 near the village.

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

No

5.5 Otros incentivos o instrumentos

¿Se usaron otros incentivos o instrumentos para promover la implementación de Tecnologías MST?

Sí

Si fuera el caso, especifique :

For the implementation of the pilot measures in Ehen, material and payment for labour was provided. There have been some follow up activities in neighboring villages where only the material was provided, as the work was done voluntarily.

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

• sí

Si respondió que sí, describa cómo:

Local stakeholders trained on building and applying measures. The measures (fencing, pile walls, wooden and gabion check dams) are low-cost and can easily be replicated by village stakeholders. Only the drip irrigation system and electric fencing for the hazelnut orchard needs high investment and might not be up-scaled without external support.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
The integration of local stakeholders in the selection of measures and sites helped to address the most 'urgent' problems from the villagers view.
It was important to have visual results from the work in a short time. Especially the reduction of flooding was a very positive result as well as the increased number of flowering plants which led to an increase of honey and tea production, which created additional income. Some of the trained techniques have been already transferred by villagers to neighbouring communities.
Most of the beneficiaries see the hazelnut plantation area as a potential source of income in the future and at the same time as a useful measurement for rehabilitation of the biodiversity and measure against erosion. Land users see the implementation of the measures on the site as contribution to the future tourism perspective of the village.
The pilot measure is cost-efficient and affordable for local people. It has a positive ratio of cost/benefit.

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Measures are easily implemented and materials (mesh wire, willows, seedlings) are available locally.
The measures are showing significant impacts in a short time. The rehabilitation of vegetation and the gathering of sediments halting gully deepening is already visible in the first year after implementation.
As there is still enough pasture land available and the areas of intervention have been implemented on degraded land, there was no major conflict with shepherds and farmers.

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Low capacity of the municipality was limiting to the management of the drip irrigation and the electric fence.	Handing over the hazelnut orchard to a private cooperative could increase ownership and personal involvement of local stakeholders in orchard maintenance. A long-term business plan and financing model needs to be developed if the approach is to be up-scaled.
Current electric fence of hazelnut plantation is not efficient in protecting area from free roaming animals. It also reflects on the inefficiency of the overseer`s working time, as he spends entire working hours on the controlling the fence which reduces his time on spending on the additional activities like controlling plant growth and irrigation system.	Changing electrical fence to the ordinary mesh fence or wire fence.

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Because of a general ban on forest management, the timber used for pile walls and wooden check dams cannot be extracted from the local forest.	Timber and logs have to be bought from foreign markets. An adaptation of laws on the legal extraction of local timber for certain purpose would be helpful.
Hazel needs more than 750 mm annual precipitation. Humidity above 60% in June and July is beneficial. A strong wind is a danger for young trees. Ehen has 500-700m precipitation and significant summer drought.	A drip irrigation system was applied to overcome summer drought in the first couple of years until seedlings have established a sufficient root system to access water from deeper soil layers.
The electric fencing and the drip irrigation for the hazelnut plantation and fruit tree plantations above the village need expensive investment and specific skills for mounting and maintenance.	Project investment was used for pilot measures as a demonstration site. The hazelnut orchard can show a positive return on investment within 10-15 years if managed well.

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Planning meetings, site visit and stakeholder meeting, Hanns Kirchmeir, Azerbaijan 2017.

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

Report based on field vists

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Hazelnut plantations on eroded sites in Ismayilli, Hanns Kirchmeir, 2017

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

Concept based on surveys and field visits

7.3 Vínculos a la información relevante disponible en línea

Título/ descripción:

Synthesis Report on Erosion control measures 2014-2017

URL:

https://biodivers-southcaucasus.org/uploads/files/5b8655b3db452.pdf

Título/ descripción:

Handbook on Integrated Erosion Control

URL:

http://116.203.245.69/uploads/files/IEC%20Handbook_EN.pdf